Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. S. Schollmeier, J. J. Bekx, J. Hartmann, E. Schork, M. Speicher, A. F. Brodersen, A. Fazzini, P. Fischer, E. Gaul, B. Gonzalez-Izquierdo, M. M. Guenther, A. K. Haerle, R. Hollinger, K. Kenney, J. Park, D. E. Rivas, V. Scutelnic, Z. Shpilman, S. Wang, J. J. Rocca, G. Korn
Summary: The development of high intensity petawatt lasers has opened up new possibilities for ion acceleration and nuclear fusion using solid targets. However, the current solid-state nuclear track detectors have limitations in differentiating multi-ion spectra. In this report, an algorithm is developed to overcome user bias and high-sensitivity, multi-species particle spectroscopy is achieved through calibration of the detector response for different ion species.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
G. S. Sahoo, S. P. Tripathy, Rahul Roy, D. S. Joshi, M. S. Kulkarni
Summary: In this study, the optimal etching time for alpha particle measurement was determined using CR-39 as a detector and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a characterisation technique. The UV-Vis spectra showed a decrease in transmission values with etching time and fluence, while the optical absorbance at a particular wavelength increased with fluence.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
K. C. C. Pires, M. Assuncao, M. A. Rana, S. Guedes, R. Kunzel, N. M. Trindade
Summary: A comparison of track etch parameters at low energy alpha particles using the Lantrak and Baryotrak CR-39 nuclear track detectors is presented. The study includes numerical analysis of experimental data obtained from exposing the detectors to low energy alpha particles and etching them in different solutions. The results show no significant differences in etch rates, pit diameters, and pit densities between the two detectors. Structural analysis using spectroscopy measurements reveals degradation of the detectors due to alpha particle irradiation and chemical etching treatments.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
H. S. P. Thomas, R. M. Deas, L. N. Kirkham, P. M. Dodd, E. Zemaityte, A. D. Hillier, D. Neely
Summary: The effectiveness of CR-39 as a muon detector is assessed, with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations indicating its potential in detecting muons. CR-39 is commonly used for higher rest mass particles like neutrons and protons, but may also have applications for detecting muons, as discussed in the study.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Youbba Ould Salem, Halima Elazhar, Issiaka Traore, Jonathan Riffaud, Abdelmjid Nourreddine
Summary: This study investigates the use of RPL detectors for thermal neutron dosimetry and highlights the lack of results in the literature for CR-39 in this area. The measurements demonstrate the advantageous incorporation of RPL detectors for thermal neutron detection.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
C. S. Oliveira, B. Malheiros, K. C. C. Pires, M. Assuncao, S. Guedes, J. N. Correa, S. A. Paschuk
Summary: The study investigated the efficiency of CR-39 plastic detectors under different etching conditions, showing similar general trends at 70 degrees Celsius but slight divergence at 80 degrees Celsius. The etch pit diameter growth and density curves were compared between the two detector types, revealing small variations in etch rates. Significant density decrease was observed in one specific etching condition after approximately 600 minutes of etching.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Ken Tashiro, Kazuki Noto, Quazi Muhammad Rashed Nizam, Eric Benton, Nakahiro Yasuda
Summary: Deep learning has been used to trace nuclear reactions in the CR-39 nuclear track detector. Object detection based on deep learning has been applied to merged images to identify nuclear fragmentation events, enabling measurement of the total charge changing cross-section.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
G. S. Sahoo, S. P. Tripathy, Meghnath Sen, M. S. Kulkarni
Summary: This work investigated the dose response of CR-39 for thermal neutrons and explored the implementation of spectrophotometric techniques to extend its response towards high dose equivalents. The study found that the response of B-10+CR-39 detectors increased linearly with the thermal neutron dose equivalent up to 0.46 mSv, after which saturation effects were observed. By analyzing etching and track parameters, structural and optical parameters, it was determined that the empirical relations derived from the study could be used for dose estimation up to 4.761 mSv.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Biswajit Das, Argha Deb
Summary: A simple track-etch method using CR-39 detectors has been developed for determining total alpha radioactivity in natural water. The calibration factor evaluation for a track detector was based on calculating range of alpha particles in water and estimating effective volume of water around the detector. The evaluated calibration factor was found to be (116.18 +/- 9.88) Bq.l(-1).(tracks.cm(-2).h(-1))(-1). The measured alpha radioactivity levels in drinking water samples from different districts in West Bengal were found to be below the recommended reference level, indicating safety for consumers.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. Agostini, K. Altenmueller, S. Appel, V Atroshchenko, Z. Bagdasarian, D. Basilico, G. Bellini, J. Benziger, R. Biondi, D. Bravo, B. Caccianiga, F. Calaprice, A. Caminata, P. Cavalcante, A. Chepurnov, D. D'Angelo, S. Davini, A. Derbin, A. Di Giacinto, V Di Marcello, X. F. Ding, A. Di Ludovico, L. Di Noto, I Drachnev, A. Formozov, D. Franco, C. Galbiati, C. Ghiano, M. Giammarchi, A. Goretti, A. S. Gottel, M. Gromov, D. Guffanti, Aldo Ianni, Andrea Ianni, A. Jany, D. Jeschke, V Kobychev, G. Korga, S. Kumaran, M. Laubenstein, E. Litvinovich, P. Lombardi, I Lomskaya, L. Ludhova, G. Lukyanchenko, L. Lukyanchenko, I Machulin, J. Martyn, E. Meroni, M. Meyer, L. Miramonti, M. Misiaszek, V Muratova, B. Neumair, M. Nieslony, R. Nugmanov, L. Oberauer, V Orekhov, F. Ortica, M. Pallavicini, L. Papp, L. Pelicci, O. Penek, L. Pietrofaccia, N. Pilipenko, A. Pocar, G. Raikov, M. T. Ranalli, G. Ranucci, A. Razeto, A. Re, A. Romani, N. Rossi, S. Schonert, D. Semenov, G. Settanta, M. Skorokhvatov, A. Singhal, O. Smirnov, A. Sotnikov, Y. Suvorov, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, J. Thurn, E. Unzhakov, A. Vishneva, R. B. Vogelaar, F. von Feilitzsch, A. Wessel, M. Wojcik, B. Wonsak, M. Wurm, S. Zavatarelli, K. Zuber, G. Zuzel, M. Redchuk
Summary: This paper reports the measurement of sub-MeV solar neutrinos using the Borexino detector. A novel technique correlated individual photon hits to the known position of the Sun, achieving accurate measurements. The results are consistent with the standard solar model predictions and previous spectroscopic results.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Zhiling Li, Weihai Zhuo, Shiyan Yang, Yupeng Yao, Chao Zhao, Liuyu Cui, Bo Chen
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of various factors on neutron spectrum unfolding, including track parameters, polyethylene thickness, and etching time. The study found that the major and minor axes were more suitable for neutron spectrum unfolding than the track depth. For high-energy neutrons, a thick polyethylene layer is required. Etching time does not significantly affect the unfolded spectra.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Preeti Chhokkar, V. Kumar, Parveen K. Goyal, Shyam Kumar, A. K. Tomar, Anurag Gaur, Anil Arya
Summary: After implantation with argon ions, the transmittance of CR-39 samples decreases, while reflectivity increases and the optical energy gap decreases. The surface electrical conductivity is also enhanced. The confirmation of the formation of conjugated pi-bond structure through FTIR and Raman measurements is significant in understanding the changes in the properties of CR-39 after ion implantation.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Przybocki, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Sutcliffe, B. Lahmann, F. H. Seguin, J. Frenje, P. Adrian, T. M. Johnson, J. Pearcy, N. V. Kabadi, A. Birkel, R. D. Petrasso
Summary: This study investigates the response of CR-39 nuclear track detectors to proton incidence at non-normal angles. The results show that an incident angle of 10 degrees has minimal impact on detection efficiency for protons with energies less than 3 MeV. However, detection efficiency significantly decreases at incident angles above 30 degrees for all energies. Additionally, the diameter of proton tracks decreases with higher incident angles, while track contrast tends to increase, especially at higher energies.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Rupali Pal, K. Biju, R. G. Thomas, A. K. Bakshi, B. K. Sapra
Summary: Neutron measurement in high energy accelerators is challenging due to varying neutron energy. By using Zirconium as a converter on CR-39, the response in higher neutron energy ranges can be enhanced. Monte Carlo simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to optimize the converter thickness and verify the results. The simulations and measurements showed good agreement.
RADIATION MEASUREMENTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Al-Sayed, M. El Ghazaly, E. H. Ghanim, Amal Mohamed, Hala El-Naggar, Mahmoud S. Dawood
Summary: This work presents a new technique for alpha-particle spectrometry using the CR-39 detector. By determining the mean grey level and visibility of the alpha particle track etch-pit, alpha particles of different energies can be discriminated. The findings show that the mean grey level of the etch-pit increases with the etching time, while the visibility and contrast deteriorate. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the mean grey level and visibility of the etch-pit are correlated with the alpha particle energy at a specific etching time.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. McCallum, G. Milluzzo, M. Borghesi, A. Subiel, F. Romano
Summary: A method for analyzing the energy spectra of laser-driven ion beams is reported. By using a stack configuration of radiochromic films, the proton energy density within each film layer can be retrieved and compared with a known energy spectrum to validate the method's efficacy.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
P. K. Singh, F. -Y. Li, C. -K. Huang, A. Moreau, R. Hollinger, A. Junghans, A. Favalli, C. Calvi, S. Wang, Y. Wang, H. Song, J. J. Rocca, R. E. Reinovsky, S. Palaniyappan
Summary: Intense lasers can accelerate electrons to high energy levels over a short distance. Vacuum laser acceleration, with its high acceleration gradient and simplicity, has been difficult to achieve. This study demonstrates the injection and acceleration of free electrons using the relativistic transparency effect, which is crucial for producing secondary particle and light sources.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Pankaj Chaudhary, Deborah C. Gwynne, Boris Odlozilik, Aaron McMurray, Giuliana Milluzzo, Carla Maiorino, Domenico Doria, Hamad Ahmed, Lorenzo Romagnani, Aaron Alejo, Hersimerjit Padda, James Green, David Carroll, Nicola Booth, Paul McKenna, Satyabrata Kar, Giada Petringa, Roberto Catalano, Francesco P. Cammarata, Giuseppe A. P. Cirrone, Stephen J. McMahon, Kevin M. Prise, Marco Borghesi
Summary: This study demonstrated the design and application of portable hypoxia chambers for studying cellular radiobiological endpoints after exposure to laser-driven protons at ultra-high dose, conventional protons and X-rays. The data obtained provided indication of an enhanced residual DNA DSB damage under hypoxic conditions at ultra-high dose rate compared to the conventional protons or X-rays.
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Doria, P. Martin, H. Ahmed, A. Alejo, M. Cerchez, S. Ferguson, J. Fernandez-Tobias, J. S. Green, D. Gwynne, F. Hanton, J. Jarrett, D. A. Maclellan, A. McIlvenny, P. McKenna, J. A. Ruiz, M. Swantusch, O. Willi, S. Zhai, M. Borghesi, S. Kar
Summary: The BAS-TR image plate was absolutely calibrated using a CR-39 track detector, and a response function was obtained for Au ions, allowing quantification of the ion energy spectra.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
P. Martin, H. Ahmed, D. Doria, A. Alejo, R. Clarke, S. Ferguson, J. Fernandez-Tobias, R. R. Freeman, J. Fuchs, A. Green, J. S. Green, D. Gwynne, F. Hanton, J. Jarrett, D. Jung, K. F. Kakolee, A. G. Krygier, C. L. S. Lewis, A. McIlvenny, P. McKenna, J. T. Morrison, Z. Najmudin, K. Naughton, G. Nersisyan, P. Norreys, M. Notley, M. Roth, J. A. Ruiz, C. Scullion, M. Zepf, S. Zhai, M. Borghesi, S. Kar
Summary: Image plates (IPs) are commonly used detectors in laser driven ion acceleration. This paper presents an absolute calibration of Fujifilm BAS-TR IPs to 1-40 MeV protons, using high resolution Thomson parabola spectrometers and CR-39 nuclear track detectors. The calibrated response provides an absolute calibration over a large range of proton energies relevant to current experiments.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prashant K. Singh, Parvin Varmazyar, Bence Nagy, Joon-Gon Son, Sargis Ter-Avetisyan, Karoly Osvay
Summary: This article presents the spatial characterization of a 0.5 MeV proton beam generated by intense laser-foil interaction. The proton beam was used to obtain high-resolution radiographs of a fine mesh. The beam has a small source size and low divergence, resulting in an ultralow transverse emittance that is significantly smaller than that of a conventional accelerator beam.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Parvin Varmazyar, Prashant K. Singh, Zoltan Elekes, Zoltan Halasz, Bence Nagy, Joon-Gon Son, Janos Csontos, Arpad Mohacsi, Kwinten Nelissen, Tamas Somoskoi, Rita E. Szabo, Szabolcs Toth, Sargis Ter-Avetisyan, Karoly Osvay
Summary: The calibration of an ion detection system for protons and carbon ions was performed using a Thomson spectrometer and a CR-39 detector. The calibration provided a reference for determining the relationship between the camera signal and the data from the CR-39 detector. The efficiency of proton detection by CR-39 was also measured and found to decrease by 20% at low energies.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prashant K. Singh, Parvin Varmazyar, Bence Nagy, Joon-Gon Son, Sargis Ter-Avetisyan, Karoly Osvay
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Zs Lecz, P. K. Singh, S. Ter-Avetisyan
Summary: The experiments have identified a critical target thickness for proton acceleration, as well as two different mechanisms that come into play at different target thicknesses.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Pankaj Chaudhary, Giuliana Milluzzo, Aodhan McIlvenny, Hamad Ahmed, Aaron McMurray, Carla Maiorino, Kathryn Polin, Lorenzo Romagnani, Domenico Doria, Stephen J. McMahon, Stanley W. Botchway, Pattathil P. Rajeev, Kevin M. Prise, Marco Borghesi
Summary: In this study, we utilized laser-accelerated carbon ions to irradiate radioresistant GSCs. Compared to conventional x-rays, laser-driven carbon ions induced more complex DNA double strand break damage in the cells.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
S. Ter-Avetisyan, M. Schnuerer, V. Tikhonchuk
Summary: This paper reports the observation of negative ions in experiments using high-power lasers to generate energetic positively charged ions. By interacting a high intensity laser pulse with a water spray, a large number of negative ions and neutral atoms with MeV energies were obtained. The mechanism of negative ion formation and acceleration is still under discussion.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
B. Loughran, M. J. V. Streeter, H. Ahmed, S. Astbury, M. Balcazar, M. Borghesi, N. Bourgeois, C. B. Curry, S. J. D. Dann, S. DiIorio, N. P. Dover, T. Dzelzainis, O. C. Ettlinger, M. Gauthier, L. Giuffrida, G. D. Glenn, S. H. Glenzer, J. S. Green, R. J. Gray, G. S. Hicks, C. Hyland, V. Istokskaia, M. King, D. Margarone, O. McCusker, P. McKenna, Z. Najmudin, C. Parisuana, P. Parsons, C. Spindloe, D. R. Symes, A. G. R. Thomas, F. Treffert, N. Xu, C. A. J. Palmer
Summary: The combination of high repetition-rate (HRR) lasers and machine learning allows for automated and high-fidelity parameter scans, revealing the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation. By controlling the laser wavefront and target position, the maximum proton energy can be optimized through closed-loop Bayesian optimization, achieving equivalent performance with only 60% of the laser energy compared to manually optimized laser pulses. This demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step towards gaining deeper physical insight and constructing future radiation sources.
HIGH POWER LASER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
O. McCusker, H. Ahmed, A. McIlvenny, P. Martin, S. Ferguson, J. Green, J. Jarrett, M. King, S. Zhai, P. McKenna, S. Kar, M. Borghesi
Summary: This study investigates multi-species ion acceleration from ultra-thin foils through experiments and simulations. The results show differences in acceleration dynamics for different species, and two main mechanisms, target normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) and radiation pressure acceleration (RPA), are identified. The analysis of accelerating fields provides insights into the effects of different mechanisms on each species.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
