Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Alan Braschinsky, Jonathan W. Steed
Summary: This review provides an overview of the field of confinement chemistry, focusing on enclosed molecular clusters and their nucleation and crystallization processes within confining matrices. The review explores the potential applications of confinement chemistry in drug discovery, drug delivery, crystal engineering, water harvesting, and gas capture.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Hang Du, Weili Xu, Zhizhou Zhang, Xiaojun Han
Summary: In confined spaces, bacteria exhibit unique cellular behaviors such as growth and proliferation, cell communication, and motion. This mini-review also discusses future trends and challenges in studying bacteria in these environments.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Michael R. Buchmeiser
Summary: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying the effects of confinement in catalysis, aiming to design tailored chemical environments to enhance catalyst performance. This themed collection highlights the latest developments in the field, introducing novel strategies that utilize confinement effects to address challenges facing the wider catalysis community.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marzio Piller, Gabriele Bulian, Carlo Antonio Stival
Summary: The paper presents a framework for probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of infection from airborne diseases in confined spaces. The proposed approach combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) pre-calculations and analytical post-processing to define relevant infection probability indices. The practical applicability of the method is demonstrated through a case study considering different ventilation scenarios in a school classroom. The results show that increasing ventilation and/or air filtration reduces the overall likelihood of infection, but the effect is not uniform within the space. The presented methodology can complement simpler approaches.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Niklas Grabicki, Khoa T. D. Nguyen, Steffen Weidner, Oliver Dumele
Summary: A set of strained aromatic macrocycles based on [n]cyclo-2,7-(4,5,9,10-tetrahydro)pyrenylenes with size-dependent photophysical properties is presented. The rim confinement strategy makes cycloparaphenylenes an attractive supramolecular host family with strong binding capabilities. The structural and thermodynamic reasons for the exceptionally strong binding have been elucidated through combination of experimental and computational methods.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lucy Martin, Linus Schumacher, Tamir Chandra
Summary: Cellular senescence is a cell surveillance mechanism that stops the cell cycle in damaged cells. The spread of senescence from cell to cell through signaling is not well understood. Differences in the number of signaling molecules between subtypes of senescent cells can limit the spread of senescence.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Beihao Xia, Conghao Wong, Qinmu Peng, Wei Yuan, Xinge You
Summary: This paper focuses on trajectory prediction to predict the future movement trend of agents such as pedestrians, bikers, and vehicles. The authors propose a Contextual Semantic Consistency Network (CSCNet) to improve the prediction accuracy. Experimental results show that CSCNet outperforms most of the current methods quantitatively and qualitatively.
PATTERN RECOGNITION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Federico Benjamin Galacho-Jimenez, David Carruana-Herrera, Julian Molina, Jose Damian Ruiz-Sinoga
Summary: The study examines the relationship between the social structure of urban spaces and the spread of COVID-19 using social area analysis theory and multivariate analysis techniques. The proposed model explains the relationship between societal structure and the spread of the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of studying COVID-19 from different scientific perspectives.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jiaxing Shen, Jiannong Cao, Xuefeng Liu
Summary: This research introduces a behavior-aware group detection system (BaG) that combines people's mobility information and smartphone usage behaviors to capture similar phone usage patterns of groups through the feature of number of bursts (NoB). The proposed system uses collective matrix factorization to reveal hidden associations and outperforms baseline approaches by 3.97% to 15.79% in F-score, demonstrating robust and reliable performance in crowded scenarios.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haytham F. Isleem, P. Jagadesh, Jawad Ahmad, Shaker Qaidi, Fadi Althoey, Hadee Mohammed Najm, Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri
Summary: This study simulated 44 concrete filled PVC pipes using ABAQUS software and investigated the influence of various parameters on the behavior of CFPT. The existing analytical models failed to fully capture these influences, but the proposed finite element models achieved good agreement. The response of confined concrete can be estimated through a trial and error approach, and a strain model was proposed.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Marilyn Ronoh, Faraimunashe Chirove, Sansao A. Pedro, Milaine Sergine Seuneu Tchamga, Chinwendu Emilian Madubueze, Sunday C. Madubueze, Joel Addawe, Peter Mpasho Mwamtobe, Kouassi Richard Mbra
Summary: Although successful in most developed countries, sub-Saharan Africa still suffers greatly from the burden of schistosomiasis. The study suggests that individuals with concomitant immunity contribute to the increase in schistosomiasis burden by promoting disease transmission and infection risk.
APPLIED MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jinyoung Moon, Byung-Han Ryu
Summary: The study analyzed different transmission risks of respiratory infectious diseases in different confined spaces and found that the risk in confined spaces was about 3 times higher than in open spaces. Schools or workplaces showed the highest transmission risk, while residential spaces and airplanes were the riskiest for SARS-CoV-2. Authorities should consider specific quarantine measures targeting different confined spaces to reduce transmission risks.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ugur Bozuyuk, Amirreza Aghakhani, Yunus Alapan, Muhammad Yunusa, Paul Wrede, Metin Sitti
Summary: Inspired by biological microorganisms, researchers have developed various locomotion methods for microrobots. However, the behavior of microrobots in the proximity of multiple wall-based confinement is not well understood. This study demonstrates that the efficiency of spherical microrollers decreases in confined spaces, while a slender design outperforms spherical microrollers. The results elucidate the underlying physics of surface rolling-based locomotion in confined spaces and propose a design strategy for efficient propulsion in such areas. The effect of geometrical confinement on microrobot locomotion is crucial for real-world applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
B. Sartorius, A. B. Lawson, R. L. Pullan
Summary: In England, COVID-19 cases are gradually increasing, potentially indicating the emergence of a second wave. To effectively combat the epidemic, it is important to understand the geographical evolution of COVID-19 at a small-area resolution, identify high-risk areas, quantify the impact of population mobility changes on case numbers, and predict the future trajectory of the epidemic.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Evelyne Bartholomeeusen, Gert De Cremer, Koen Kennes, Ceri Hammond, Ive Hermans, Jiang-Bo Lu, Dominique Schryvers, Pierre A. Jacobs, Maarten B. J. Roeffaers, Johan Hofkens, Bert F. Sels, Eduardo Coutino-Gonzalez
Summary: Stable emissive carbon nanodots were generated in zeolite crystals using near infrared photon irradiation, offering a cost-effective and non-toxic alternative for bio-labelling and sensing applications.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
J. Surey, H. R. Stagg, T. A. Yates, M. Lipman, P. J. White, A. Charlett, L. Munoz, L. Gosce, M. X. Rangaka, M. Francis, V. Hack, H. Kunst, I. Abubakar
Summary: The pilot trial in the UK compared the effectiveness of weekly rifapentine/isoniazid regimen with daily rifampicin/isoniazid regimen in treating latent tuberculosis infection. The study found similar completion rates and adverse event profiles between the two regimens.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lara Gosce, Enrico Girardi, Kasim Allel, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Lucia Barcellini, Giovanna Stancanelli, Alberto Matteelli, Hassan Hagphrast-Bidgoli, Ibrahim Abubakar
Summary: In the European Union region, over a quarter of individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis [TB] are born outside of the area, and this proportion has been steadily increasing. Italy, a country with low TB incidence, has over 50% of TB cases in the foreign-born population due to high numbers of migrants entering the country. Active TB screening in newly arrived migrants is a cost-effective intervention to ensure early diagnosis and reduce the spread of TB in areas with migrants arriving from high TB risk settings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Respiratory System
Rishi K. Gupta, Swaib A. Lule, Maria Krutikov, Lara Gosce, Nathan Green, Jo Southern, Ambreen Imran, Robert W. Aldridge, Heinke Kunst, Marc Lipman, William Lynn, Helen Burgess, Asif Rahman, Dee Menezes, Ananna Rahman, Simon Tiberi, Peter J. White, Ibrahim Abubakar
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Alimuddin Zumla, Jeremiah Chakaya, Mishal Khan, Razia Fatima, Christian Wejse, Seif Al-Abri, Greg J. Fox, Jean Nachega, Nathan Kapata, Michael Knipper, Miriam Orcutt, Lara Gosce, Ibrahim Abubakar, Tumaini Joseph Nagu, Ferdinand Mugusi, Alice Kizny Gordon, Sivakumar Shanmugam, Nathan Lloyd Bachmann, Connie Lam, Vitali Sintchenko, Frauke Rudolf, Farhana Amanullah, Richard Kock, Najmul Haider, Marc Lipman, Michael King, Markus Maeurer, Delia Goletti, Linda Petrone, Aashifa Yaqoob, Simon Tiberi, Lucica Ditiu, Suvanand Sahu, Ben Marais, Assiya Marat Issayeva, Eskild Petersen
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sandor Beregi, David A. W. Barton, Djamel Rezgui, Simon A. Neild
Summary: In this study, a control-based continuation method was utilized to analyze the experimentally obtained periodically forced response of a nonlinear structure in the presence of process noise. The robustness of the method and its effectiveness in capturing system response were evaluated by identifying parameters of an associated model. It was found that the control-based continuation method is more reliable in extracting system information in the presence of high levels of noise, compared to open-loop parameter sweeps.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Zsolt Iklodi, David A. W. Barton, Zoltan Dombovari
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of displacement constraints on the attenuation performance of tuned mass dampers (TMDs) in boring and turning applications. Through time domain simulations and hybrid periodic orbit continuation, it is found that rigid body collisions can significantly hinder TMD damping performance and lead to resonance problems or machine tool chatter.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lara Gosce, Gerard J. Abou Jaoude, David J. Kedziora, Clemens Benedikt, Azfar Hussain, Sarah Jarvis, Alena Skrahina, Dzmitry Klimuk, Henadz Hurevich, Feng Zhao, Nicole Fraser-Hurt, Nejma Cheikh, Marelize Gorgens, David J. Wilson, Romesh Abeysuriya, Rowan Martin-Hughes, Sherrie L. Kelly, Anna Roberts, Robyn M. Stuart, Tom Palmer, Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths, Cliff C. Kerr, David P. Wilson, Hassan Haghparast-Bidgoli, Jolene Skordis, Ibrahim Abubakar
Summary: The Optima TB tool aims to support analytical capacity and inform evidence-based priority setting processes for TB health benefits package design. It has been applied in countries like Belarus to demonstrate the potential impact of reallocating spending across existing and new interventions on TB outcomes.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qicheng Zhang, Wenjiang Lu, Fabrizio Scarpa, David Barton, Kathryn Rankin, Yunpeng Zhu, Zi-Qiang Lang, Hua-Xin Peng
Summary: The study presents a simplified procedure for manufacturing auxetic PU foam using a single direction thermoforming compression process on conventional open cell foam samples. Auxetic foams exhibit transverse isotropy with specific compression ratios required to achieve auxeticity. Numerical models built from 3D scans show good agreement with experimental data and help explain deformation mechanisms of auxetic foams.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Sandor Beregi, David A. W. Barton, Djamel Rezgui, Simon Neild
Summary: This exploratory study focuses on training universal differential equation (UDE) models for physical nonlinear dynamical systems. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of augmenting mechanistic ordinary differential equation (ODE) models with machine-learnable structures. Both numerical simulations and physical experiments are used to collect training data, and neural networks and Gaussian processes are employed as universal approximators. The study highlights the accuracy and robustness of the UDE modelling approach, while also indicating the limitations of the current modelling framework.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
T. G. Ritto, S. Beregi, D. A. W. Barton
Summary: This paper proposes a combined methodology of reinforcement learning and approximate Bayesian computation for model selection and parameter identification in the context of digital twins and machine learning tools. The experimental results show the promising potential of this method in model selection and parameter updating based on data.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Zoltan Gabos, David A. W. Barton, Zoltan Dombovari
Summary: This paper presents a methodology based on pseudo arc-length continuation combined with the moment-map method to investigate dynamical systems with stochastic behaviour. It is shown that the introduction of noise leads to the destabilisation of stable periodic orbits over time. The deterministic bifurcation diagram is modified by introducing three different methods to approximate the mean first passage time of the stochastic system.
JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
K. H. Lee, D. A. W. Barton, L. Renson
Summary: We present a novel hybrid modelling approach that integrates a mechanistic model and a machine-learnt model for predicting limit cycle oscillations in physical systems with a Hopf bifurcation. The mechanistic model, in the form of an ordinary differential equation, captures the bifurcation structure of the system. Through machine learning techniques, a data-driven mapping is established between this model and experimental observations. The efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations on Van der Pol oscillator and a three-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic model, as well as its application to a physical aeroelastic structure in wind tunnel tests. The method is shown to be general, data-efficient, and accurate even without prior knowledge of the system other than its bifurcation structure.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Americo Cunha Jr, David A. W. Barton, Thiago G. G. Ritto
Summary: This paper proposes a data-driven approximate Bayesian computation framework for parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification of epidemic models. The framework incorporates two novel approaches: identification of initial conditions using plausible dynamic states compatible with observational data, and learning of an informative prior distribution for the model parameters using the cross-entropy method. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated using real data from the COVID-19 epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the calibrated model provides consistent descriptions of the available data and accurate extrapolations for future forecasts, making it appealing for real-time epidemic modeling.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
T. G. Ritto, S. Beregi, D. A. W. Barton
Summary: This paper extends the RL-ABC methodology to time-varying systems by proposing new features to tackle slowly-varying systems and detect abrupt changes. The algorithm detects system changes by monitoring models' acceptance. Experimental data from a test rig with non-linear characteristics is used to test the proposed strategy, which is able to detect changes and update parameter estimation and model predictions.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Robotics
Max Yang, Yijiong Lin, Alex Church, John Lloyd, Dandan Zhang, David A. W. Barton, Nathan F. Lepora
Summary: This paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning approach for object pushing using tactile sensing without visual input, which enables accurate pushing policies with a limited sample of goals. The results show that precise and reliable policies can be obtained for a variety of unseen objects and pushing scenarios without domain randomization. Furthermore, the model-free policy outperforms the model-based planner in harsh pushing conditions, generating shorter and more reliable pushing trajectories.
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS
(2023)