Article
Behavioral Sciences
Simone Benedetti, Hannah J. Moir, David J. Stensel, Alice E. Thackray, Declan Naughton, Judith E. Allgrove
Summary: In the short-term after acute exercise, compensatory changes in appetite and energy intake do not occur, and South Asian and white European men exhibit similar responses in terms of appetite and hormone levels. South Asians had lower absolute energy intake and higher insulin concentrations than white Europeans.
Article
Physiology
Xiao-Mei Liu, Ke Wang, Zheng Zhu, Zhen-Bo Cao
Summary: This study examined the compensatory changes of different exercise durations on non-exercise physical activity (NEPA), appetite, and energy intake (EI), and found that short duration exercise led to an increase in NEPA, while long duration exercise resulted in a decrease in NEPA. Moreover, overweight adults showed a higher and delayed compensatory response compared to normal weight adults. However, energy intake remained unchanged across time, regardless of exercise duration.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tommy Slater, William J. A. Mode, John Hough, Ruth M. James, Craig Sale, Lewis J. James, David J. Clayton
Summary: Eating a very-low-energy placebo breakfast doesn't change lunch energy intake, but may decrease total energy intake across breakfast and lunch, and reduce subjective appetite increases related to skipping breakfast. Eating a full-food breakfast resulted in lower lunch energy intake compared to water-only breakfast, and total energy intake was lower for the placebo and water-only breakfasts compared to the full-food breakfast. Additionally, subjective hunger, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption AUC were lower and fullness AUC was higher for both the placebo and full-food breakfasts compared to water-only breakfast.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalya J. Beer, Ben Jackson, James A. Dimmock, Kym J. Guelfi
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of sprint interval training (SIT) combined with need-support on post-exercise food consumption. The results showed that SIT with psychological need-support significantly decreased post-exercise energy intake from snacks, while traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) did not affect food intake. SIT with need-support is well-tolerated in physically inactive individuals with overweight and offers an alternative to traditional exercise prescription.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Vitor Barreto Paravidino, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano, Inacio Crochemore-Silva, Valeria Lima da Cruz, Marina Maria Leite Antunes, Kristine Beaulieu, Catherine Gibbons, Graham Finlayson, John Edward Blundell, Rosely Sichieri
Summary: The study found that active men with overweight showed a compensatory effect on total volume of physical activity regardless of exercise intensity, with no significant differences in energy intake between groups. However, the high-intensity exercise group achieved greater weight reduction compared to the moderate-intensity group.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Asya Barutcu, Elizabeth Briasco, Jake Moon, David J. Stensel, James A. King, Gemma L. Witcomb, Lewis J. James
Summary: The study found that planned fasted aerobic exercise increases energy intake during the preceding afternoon/evening, resulting in a similar 10% increase in energy intake in the preceding 24 hours. However, this increase did not fully compensate for energy expended during exercise, meaning exercise induced an acute negative energy balance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice E. Thackray, David J. Stensel
Summary: The interaction between exercise, appetite control, and energy intake has been widely studied. Empirical studies have consistently shown that acute moderate-to-vigorous intensity land-based exercise suppresses appetite and increases anorexigenic hormones while decreasing the orexigenic hormone. However, there is variability in individual responses to exercise-induced appetite suppression.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lore Metz, Laurie Isacco, Nicole Fearnbach, Bruno Pereira, David Thivel, Martine Duclos
Summary: The study found that energy expenditure was higher during water-based cycling compared to rest and land-based cycling; carbohydrate oxidation was also higher. Adjusting the duration of land-based cycling to reach the same energy expenditure as water-based cycling was effective. There were no differences in food intake between different exercise sessions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
David G. King, Daniel Peart, David Broom, Garry A. Tew
Summary: This study investigated the effects of pre-meal whey protein consumption on acute food intake and subsequent energy balance in males of healthy-weight or living with overweight and obesity. The results showed that whey protein reduced energy intake at the next meal without upregulating compensatory behaviors in both healthy-weight and overweight/obese males. However, the chronic effects of whey protein on body composition and weight loss still need to be elucidated.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tommy Slater, William J. A. Mode, Mollie G. Pinkney, John Hough, Ruth M. James, Craig Sale, Lewis J. James, David J. Clayton
Summary: This study assessed the effects of 7-hr fasting before evening exercise on energy intake, metabolism, and performance. The study found that fasted evening exercise reduced net energy intake and increased fat oxidation, but also decreased exercise performance, motivation, and enjoyment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jordan M. Fenton, James A. King, Sven P. Hoekstra, Scott A. Willis, Takahiro Ogawa, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Summary: This study compared postprandial responses of appetite-related hormones, appetite perceptions and the sensitivity of appetite to covert preload energy manipulation in persons with SCI and able-bodied controls. The findings suggest that, following isocaloric preloads, postprandial satiety may be augmented, rather than attenuated, in people with SCI.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aaron Hengist, Russell G. Davies, Peter J. Rogers, Jeff M. Brunstrom, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jean-Philippe Walhin, Dylan Thompson, Francoise Koumanov, James A. Betts, Javier T. Gonzalez
Summary: Restricting sugar or total dietary carbohydrate does not modulate physical activity level or energy intake when energy density is controlled for.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
R. A. Corney, D. J. Clayton, J. Nash, T. Joel, C. Sunderland, L. J. James
Summary: This study compared the effects of three different post-exercise beverages on appetite and energy intake at a subsequent meal. The results showed that post-exercise consumption of skimmed milk could reduce energy intake compared to a sucrose beverage, facilitating recovery/adaptation without affecting energy balance.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
R. James Stubbs, Jake Turicchi
Summary: Understanding the effects of energy imbalances on physiological and behavioral responses is crucial for managing obesity and undernutrition. Compensatory changes in physiology and behavior are more pronounced in response to negative energy balances, and therapeutic weight loss and famine/semistarvation both involve prolonged energy deficits with key differences.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camila L. P. Oliveira, Normand G. Boule, Sarah A. Elliott, Arya M. Sharma, Mario Siervo, Aloys Berg, Sunita Ghosh, Carla M. Prado
Summary: Dietary intake has a significant impact on energy balance and body weight control. This study found that high-protein total diet replacement increased levels of anorexigenic hormones compared to a control diet, with differences in response between males and females in terms of appetite sensations and related hormones.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Cheryl Jia Hui Teo, Stephen Francis Burns, Masato Kawabata
Summary: This study aims to improve understanding of the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior (KAB) model in nutrition education. Two psychometrically sound instruments were developed to measure nutrition knowledge and attitude in an Asian group of athletes. The results showed that nutrition knowledge is a positive predictor of dietary behavior among athletes.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
Jordan M. Fenton, James A. King, Sven P. Hoekstra, Sydney E. Valentino, Stuart M. Phillips, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Summary: This review compares different intervention modalities for increasing skeletal muscle mass in the paralysed limbs of individuals with motor complete spinal cord injury. The findings suggest that resistance training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the quadriceps produces the largest and most consistent increases in muscle mass.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Amber J. Guest, Stacy A. Clemes, James A. King, Yu-Ling Chen, Katharina Ruettger, Mohsen Sayyah, Aron Sherry, Veronica Varela-Mato, Nicola J. Paine
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 6-month health intervention on truck drivers' cardiovascular reactivity to stress and whether cardiovascular reactivity was predictive of depression, anxiety, or fatigue symptoms at 6-month follow-up. The findings showed a negative relationship between 0-month diastolic blood pressure reactivity and 6-month persistent fatigue, and trends toward negative relationships between systolic blood pressure reactivity and future anxiety and fatigue symptoms at 6 months. These findings have important implications for fatigue issues in truck drivers.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jordan M. Fenton, James A. King, Chris J. McLeod, Sven P. Hoekstra, Graham Finlayson, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Summary: Persons with spinal cord injury have a higher food reward for sweet foods and higher levels of cognitive restraint and satiety responsiveness compared to non-SCI individuals.
Article
Sport Sciences
Matthew J. Roberts, Alice E. Thackray, Alex J. Wadley, Tareq F. Alotaibi, David J. Hunter, Julie Thompson, Kyoko Fujihira, Masashi Miyashita, Sarabjit Mastana, Nicolette C. Bishop, Emma O'donnell, Melanie J. Davies, James A. King, Thomas Yates, David Webb, David J. Stensel
Summary: This study compared endothelial function and postprandial lipemia in South Asians and White Europeans, and found that South Asians had lower postprandial endothelial function and higher postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations compared to White Europeans. However, the study also found that walking improved endothelial function to a similar extent in both South Asians and White Europeans, even with small improvements in triacylglycerol. This study highlights the importance of exercise in clinically improving endothelial function in both populations.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
William J. A. Mode, Tommy Slater, Mollie G. Pinkney, John Hough, Ruth M. James, Ian Varley, Lewis J. James, David J. Clayton
Summary: This study compared the effects of morning and evening exercise on appetite, post-exercise energy intake, and voluntary performance. The findings suggest that exercise might offset circadian variations in appetite and that post-exercise ad-libitum energy intake is greater following evening exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sundus Malaikah, Scott A. Willis, Joseph Henson, Jack A. Sargeant, Thomas Yates, Alice E. Thackray, Fernanda R. Goltz, Matthew J. Roberts, Danielle Bernard-Deshong, Guruprasad P. Aithal, David J. Stensel, James A. King
Summary: In this study, the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, sedentary time, and the circulating concentrations of LECT2 and FGF21 were examined. Increased cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower concentrations of LECT2 and FGF21, while moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was associated with higher FGF21 concentrations. Sedentary time showed no significant association with the concentrations of these hepatokines. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness and different activity behaviors may independently influence the inter-organ cross-talk through regulating the circulating concentrations of hepatokines.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Alice E. Thackray, Elanor C. Hinton, Turki M. Alanazi, Abdulrahman M. Dera, Kyoko Fujihara, Julian P. Hamilton-Shield, James A. King, Fiona E. Lithander, Masashi Miyashita, Julie Thompson, Paul S. Morgan, Melanie J. Davies, David J. Stensel
Summary: Acute exercise can suppress appetite and alter food-cue reactivity, but the impact of exercise-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) on the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal during appetite-related tasks is unclear. This study found that acute running led to decreased subjective appetite ratings and increased food-cue reactivity, independent of CBF changes.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saleh Rahmati, Behnam Mohammadi, Zahra Karimi-Mehr, David Robert Broom
Summary: The aim of this rapid review is to assess the impact of physical activity and exercise on NUCB2 gene expression and Nesfatin-1 concentration. Human studies show that Nesfatin-1 concentration either remains unchanged or increases after exercise training, with higher intensity and longer duration of exercise training leading to a greater increase. Animal studies using mouse models generally demonstrate increased tissue NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 with regular exercise training. However, there is a lack of research on the acute response and biopsy studies in humans, as well as investigations on the effects of acute exercise in animals. Comparative studies and further research are recommended to enhance our understanding of the effects of exercise on NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 in humans and animals.
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sundus Malaikah, Scott A. Willis, Joseph Henson, Jack A. Sargeant, Thomas Yates, Alice E. Thackray, Fernanda R. Goltz, Matthew J. Roberts, Danielle H. Bodicoat, Guruprasad P. Aithal, David J. Stensel, James A. King
Summary: This study found that sedentary time is positively associated with adipose tissue insulin resistance, while cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely related to central fat storage, both of which are key risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Abdulrahman M. Dera, Tonghui Shen, Alice E. Thackray, Elanor C. Hinton, James A. King, Lewis James, Paul S. Morgan, Nathan Rush, Masashi Miyashita, Rachel L. Batterham, David J. Stensel
Summary: This systematic review investigated the influence of physical activity on neural responses to visual food-cues measured by fMRI. The findings suggest that structured acute and chronic exercise can decrease food-cue reactivity in various brain regions, especially when viewing high-energy-density food cues. Cross-sectional studies also demonstrate that higher levels of self-reported physical activity are associated with lower reactivity to food-cues, particularly high-energy-density cues. These results indicate that physical activity may affect brain food-cue reactivity in regions involved in motivation, emotion, and reward processing.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhuoxiu Jin, Alice E. Thackray, James A. King, Kevin Deighton, Melanie J. Davies, David J. Stensel
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy of the FreeStyle Libre2 (TM) continuous glucose monitoring system in healthy women. The system was found to overestimate glucose concentrations, especially during hypoglycemia and glycaemic swings.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Thomas Parkington, David Broom, Thomas Maden-Wilkinson, Shah Nawaz, Markos Klonizakis
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of a supervised blood flow restriction (BFR) program in patients with claudication. The results showed that the BFR group had high exercise adherence and significant clinical improvement, resulting in increased exercise performance, reduced pain, and improved quality of life.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Hoechsmann, Shengping Yang, Jose M. Ordovas, James L. Dorling, Catherine M. Champagne, John W. Apolzan, Frank L. Greenway, Michelle I. Cardel, Gary D. Foster, Corby K. Martin
Summary: Weight loss differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small, but individual weight loss varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects on weight loss.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aron P. Sherry, Scott A. Willis, Thomas Yates, William Johnson, Cameron Razieh, Jack A. Sargeant, Sundus Malaikah, David J. Stensel, Guruprasad P. Aithal, James A. King
Summary: This study found a negative correlation between habitual physical activity and hepatic fibro-inflammation. It showed that more intense physical activity, particularly vigorous-intensity activities, is beneficial for the liver, and this effect is more pronounced in individuals with higher levels of body and liver fat.