Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stanislaw Klek, Kinga Szczepanek, Lucyna Scislo, Elzbieta Walewska, Magdalena Pietka, Magdalena Pisarska, Michal Pedziwiatr
Summary: This study aimed to assess the influence of mixed intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) on liver function during long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). The results showed that mixed ILEs are safe and effective for use in patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN), and a multicomponent ILE with fish oil (FO) can provide additional benefits in terms of liver function during long-term HPN.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fedja A. Rochling
Summary: The development of IFALD in pediatric and adult patients on parenteral nutrition is multifactorial, with nutritional and non-nutritional causes. Lipid therapy plays a significant role in contributing to IFALD, and the pathophysiological pathways are now better understood. The introduction of fish oil-based lipid emulsions has shown success in resolving IFALD associated with soybean oil-based therapy, with evidence supporting early switch to fish oil-based therapy to successfully halt and reverse IFALD.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marcia S. Antunes, Dan L. Waitzberg, Alweyd Tesser, Felipe A. Gutierres, Erika M. Tamanaha, Ronaldo Oliveira, Geni Sampaio, Elizabeth A. Torres, Priscilla C. Garla, Phillip C. Calder, Raquel S. Torrinhas
Summary: This study evaluated the dynamics of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations in different body pools after the infusion of fish oil-containing lipid emulsion (FOLE) in rats undergoing surgery. The results showed that PUFA concentrations changed in all pools immediately after FOLE infusion, resulting in a higher omega-3 to omega-6 ratio, but these changes decreased over time, suggesting early clearance of omega-3 PUFA after FOLE infusion.
Review
Pediatrics
Ting-Ting Zou, Jin-Rong Li, Yu Zhu, Chao-Min Wan, Qiong Liao
Summary: Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions can significantly reduce the occurrence of PNAC in VLBW infants, especially for patients with parenteral nutrition duration exceeding 14 days and extremely low birth weight infants.
WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Krista Haines, Braylee Grisel, Laura Gorenshtein, Paul E. Wischmeyer
Summary: Recently, there has been interest in switching patients to nonsoybean-based intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) formulas for parental nutrition (PN) due to adverse outcomes related to high Omega-6 content in soybean oil (SO) ILE's. This review summarizes recent literature on improved clinical outcomes with new Omega-6 lipid-sparing ILE's in PN management.
CURRENT OPINION IN CRITICAL CARE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sylwia Osowska, Marek Kunecki, Jacek Sobocki, Joanna Tokarczyk, Krystyna Majewska, Magdalena Burkacka, Marek Radkowski, Magdalena Makarewicz-Wujec, Helena L. Fisk, Sultan Mashnafi, Sabine Baumgartner, Jogchum Plat, Philip C. Calder
Summary: This study investigates the effect of different levels of phytosterols in lipid emulsions (LEs) used in parenteral nutrition (PN) on liver function markers and inflammation in adult home PN patients. The findings suggest that long-chain omega-3 fatty acids can mitigate the adverse effects of phytosterols on liver function.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Chiara Biagetti, Alessio Correani, Rita D'Ascenzo, Enrica Ferretti, Cecilia Proietti, Luca Antognoli, Ilaria Giretti, Adriana Pompilio, Paola Cogo, Virgilio P. Carnielli
Summary: In a large cohort of preterm infants receiving routine PN, the use of fish oil containing LE did not lead to better neurodevelopment outcomes compared to standard LE, despite some infants already receiving fish oil-enriched lipid emulsions. Large randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the impact of fish oil containing LE on neurodevelopment in preterm infants.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shanshan Chen, Yongtao Xiao, Yang Liu, Xinbei Tian, Weipeng Wang, Lu Jiang, Wenjie Wu, Tian Zhang, Wei Cai, Ying Wang
Summary: Fish oil-based lipid emulsion (FO) reduces inflammation in the liver, promotes fatty acid oxidation, decreases intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability in comparison to MCT/LCT group, leading to reduced entry of endotoxins into the bloodstream.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Josep M. Llop Talaveron, Ana Suarez-Lledo Grande, Elisabet Leiva Badosa, Jordi Bas Minguet, Joan Climent Marti, Elisabet Poyatos Canton, Maria B. Badia Tahull
Summary: This study investigates the association between inflammatory markers and liver function biomarker (LFB) alterations in patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN) containing phytosterols (PS). The results show that increases in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are associated with inflammatory markers.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Colette Kirk, Laura Haigh, Nicholas P. Thompson, Mark Pearce, David E. Jones, John C. Mathers
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the differential effects of HPN solutions and found that lipid emulsions containing olive and/or fish oil were associated with a lower omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio, improvements in liver function, and changes in fatty acid profiles. Further research is needed to determine the clinical value of these emulsions and individualized assessment is recommended for each patient receiving HPN therapy.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gregory Guthrie, Douglas Burrin
Summary: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a critical intervention for infants unable to feed orally, but prolonged reliance on TPN poses a risk of liver injury, particularly through parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) driven by lipid emulsions. Studies suggest that new emulsions containing fish oil and medium chain triglycerides show promise in reducing the incidence of PNAC.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Samir Ahmed, Jacqueline K. Innes, Philip C. Calder
Summary: A systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of different IVLEs in adult patients requiring HPN. Alternative IVLEs may be beneficial for patients, but more and larger RCTs are needed to determine superiority of one formulation over another.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joanna Rogulska, Sylwia Osowska, Marek Kunecki, Jacek Sobocki, Pawel Ladyzynski, Joanna Giebultowicz
Summary: This study investigated the effect of PN on the antioxidant balance of HPN patients without comorbidities, and found that the type of lipid emulsion used in HPN can affect lipid peroxidation levels. It is suggested to choose different types of lipid emulsions in HPN patients to minimize the risk of oxidative stress.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
William Yakah, David Ramiro-Cortijo, Pratibha Singh, Joanne Brown, Barbara Stoll, Madhulika Kulkarni, Berthe C. Oosterloo, Doug Burrin, Krishna Rao Maddipati, Raina N. Fichorova, Steven D. Freedman, Camilia R. Martin
Summary: Comparing the effects of different lipid emulsions on preterm pigs, it was found that soybean oil enhances the ability of the host to respond acutely to an external stimulus, while fish-oil containing emulsions increase DHA levels, exacerbate AA deficiency, and limit initial inflammatory responses induced by LPS in preterm pigs.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marija Zafirovska, Aleksandar Zafirovski, Nada Rotovnik Kozjek
Summary: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is a spectrum of liver diseases that occur in patients with intestinal failure (IF), including cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, and gallbladder disease. The prevalence of IFALD varies significantly, with higher rates in neonates and pediatric population compared to adults. The etiology of IFALD is complex and can be influenced by parenteral nutrition and patient-related factors. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current understanding of the etiology, pathophysiology, preventative measures, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for IFALD and its associated complications.
