Article
Neurosciences
Kseniia Prokofeva, Yuki C. Saito, Yasutaka Niwa, Seiya Mizuno, Satoru Takahashi, Arisa Hirano, Takeshi Sakurai
Summary: To understand the regulation of sleep-wakefulness cycles, it is important to study the relationship between the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), which have opposing roles in sleep-wakefulness regulation. This study revealed the direct connection between GABA- and galanin-producing neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) and orexin-producing neurons in the LHA. It also discovered that the VLPOGABA-LHA pathway plays a previously unknown role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Sotelo, Jean Tyan, Chelsea Markunas, Bibi A. Sulaman, Lorraine Horwitz, Hankyu Lee, Joshua G. Morrow, Gideon Rothschild, Bo Duan, Ada Eban-Rothschild
Summary: The transition from wakefulness to sleep involves specific behaviors, such as nest-building and grooming, which are associated with stereotypic electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. The ability to build a nest promotes sleep initiation and consolidation, while the lack of nesting material disrupts sleep. Neuronal ensembles in the lateral hypothalamus regulate the motivation to engage in nest-building behavior and control sleep initiation and intensity.
Review
Neurosciences
Bibi A. Sulaman, Su Wang, Jean Tyan, Ada Eban-Rothschild
Summary: In recent years, technological advances have provided a detailed understanding of the functions of different neuronal populations and circuits in sleep-wake regulation. This article summarizes recent progress in the study of the circuitry underlying the initiation, maintenance, and coordination of different sleep states. It proposes a de-arousal model for sleep initiation and discusses how brain processes related to thermoregulation, hunger, and fear intersect with sleep-wake circuits.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria P. Mogavero, Justyna Godos, Giuseppe Grosso, Filippo Caraci, Raffaele Ferri
Summary: This review focuses on the relationship between sleep-wake regulation and appetite control, emphasizing the inhibitory effect of OREXIN, a neurotransmitter, on REM sleep. It further examines the intricate relationship between OREXIN, REM sleep, and appetite regulation, shedding light on their interconnected nature in both physiological conditions and diseases. Understanding this complex relationship is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms underlying sleep-wake patterns and metabolic control, and for developing novel therapeutic approaches to sleep disorders and metabolic conditions associated with OREXIN dysregulation.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
E. Theresa Bjorness, W. Robert Greene
Summary: Dopamine, orexin, and adenosine systems play dual roles in reward and sleep/arousal. Drug abuse may influence both reward and sleep/arousal mechanisms. Cocaine can cause acute sleep loss and abnormal recovery patterns under chronic exposure conditions. Experimentally induced sleep disturbance may increase cocaine seeking behavior.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Hanan Bouaouda, Pawan Kumar Jha
Summary: This review explores the role of orexin/hypocretin and melanin-concentrating hormone neurons in the regulation of sleep and metabolism in the lateral hypothalamus.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emi Hasegawa, Ai Miyasaka, Katsuyasu Sakurai, Yoan Cherasse, Yulong Li, Takeshi Sakurai
Summary: The sleep cycle involves alternating non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. A transient increase of dopamine in the basolateral amygdala terminates NREM sleep and initiates REM sleep, playing a critical role in sleep cycle generation. This mechanism is also implicated in cataplectic attacks in narcoleptics.
Article
Neurosciences
Can Wang, Meiyu Chen, Chuan Qin, Xiaoyi Qu, Xueyong Shen, Sheng Liu
Summary: The study found that acupuncture-induced pain relief can result in a rewarding effect, and the orexin signaling in the lateral hypothalamus plays a critical role in this process.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Wang, Ruijuan Guan, Xiaomei Zhao, Jun Chen, Danian Zhu, Linlin Shen, Nana Song
Summary: TASKs, specifically TASK1 and TASK3, in orexin neurons play a crucial role in regulating respiratory chemoreflex, with orexin neurons sensing extracellular pH changes and projecting to the NTS to modulate respiration. Blocking TASKs or OX1R can affect breathing response to acidosis in the LH.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Allison Costello, Katrina Linning-Duffy, Carleigh Vandenbrook, Kevin Donohue, Bruce F. O'Hara, Antony Kim, Joseph S. Lonstein, Lily Yan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of bright light therapy (BLT) on sleep/wakefulness, daily rhythms, and the wakefulness-promoting orexin/hypocretin system in Nile grass rats. The results showed that the BLT group exhibited better wakefulness during light treatment, improved nighttime sleep quality, and enhanced daily rhythm entrainment compared to controls. The impact of BLT on the orexin system varied by sex and brain region. These findings suggest that diurnal grass rats could serve as a valuable model for studying the neural mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of BLT.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Annie H. Roliz, Sanjeev Kothare
Summary: This review covers the mutual interactions between sleep and epilepsy, mechanisms of epileptogenesis in sleep, the relationship between sleep apnea and epilepsy, and potential strategies to treat seizures. Recent studies have emphasized the role of functional network systems underlying epileptiform activation in sleep in various epilepsy syndromes, and new treatment approaches including chronotherapy and seizure monitoring devices are being explored. Adenosine kinase and orexin receptor antagonists are promising new drug targets for seizure treatment.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mayda Rivas, Diego Serantes, Florencia Pena, Joaquin Gonzalez, Annabel Ferreira, Pablo Torterolo, Luciana Benedetto
Summary: HCRT, also known as orexins, are synthesized by neurons located in the postero-lateral hypothalamus and are associated with a wide range of physiological functions. In lactating rats, HCRT in the mPOA promotes wakefulness while a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) promotes sleep and nursing behaviors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William T. Schneider, Szilvia Vas, Alister U. Nicol, A. Jennifer Morton
Summary: Research showed that in sheep with HD, transitions into wake were more sudden and accompanied by less reduction in slow wave power compared to normal sheep, indicating impaired readiness for waking. These abnormal dynamics of sleep transitions may potentially serve as an early biomarker for HD and could be applied to studying transition dynamics in other sleep disorders as well.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia L. S. Machado, William D. Todd, Satvinder Kaur, Clifford B. Saper
Summary: Genetically targeted studies have revealed that MnPO GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons play different roles in modulating the wake-sleep cycle, with GABAergic neurons involved in sleep homeostasis and glutamatergic neurons facilitating sleep during stressful challenges.
Article
Neurosciences
Jiaqi Lu, Chuan Qin, Can Wang, Jia Sun, Huijuan Mao, Jianzi Wei, Xueyong Shen, Yang Chen, Sheng Liu, Xiaoyi Qu
Summary: This study demonstrates that electro-acupuncture treatment can improve anxiety-related behaviors in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by enhancing the activity of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, leading to a reduction in anxiety levels.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)