Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicola Cirillo, Peter Hung Duong, Wee Teng Er, Casey Thao Nhi Do, Manikkuwadura Eranda Harshan De Silva, Yining Dong, Sok Ching Cheong, Elizabeth Fitriana Sari, Michael J. McCullough, Pangzhen Zhang, Stephen S. Prime
Summary: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a potentially malignant condition characterized by progressive fibrosis of the oral cavity. The use of betel quid (BQ) is typically associated with OSF, and the chemical properties of different BQ recipes vary, potentially explaining the unequal prevalence of OSF and oral cancer in BQ users. The review found that chewing BQ mixtures containing betel inflorescence (BI) and tobacco significantly increased the risk of OSF, while the use of betel leaf was likely to be protective.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hui-Jun Lin, Xiao-Lei Wang, Meng-Yuan Tian, Xing-Li Li, Hong-Zhuan Tan
Summary: There is a significant relationship between betel quid chewing, alcohol consumption, smoking, and oral potential malignant disorders (OPMDs). Furthermore, smoking and alcohol drinking enhance the association between betel quid chewing and OPMDs.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Hui-Ching Chuang, Ming-Hsien Tsai, Yu-Tsai Lin, Ming-Huei Chou, Kun-Lin Yang, Chih-Yen Chien
Summary: The major predisposing factors of developing oral cancer include smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing. Betel quid chewing could cause oral mucosa damage and lead to precancerous lesions and trismus. Betel quid-related oral cancer patients also have more systemic diseases than those without this habit. More attention should be paid to pretreatment evaluation, treatment strategy, and posttreatment follow-up among betel quid chewers.
TECHNOLOGY IN CANCER RESEARCH & TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Osamu Uehara, Daichi Hiraki, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Hirofumi Matsuoka, Rie Takai, Mari Fujita, Fumiya Harada, Durga Paudel, Shuhei Takahashi, Koki Yoshida, Malsantha Muthumala, Hiroki Nagayasu, Itsuo Chiba, Yoshihiro Abiko
Summary: The study revealed that the oral flora of betel quid chewers differs from non-chewers, with a higher proportion of periodontal pathogens and a lower proportion of cariogenic pathogens in the former group. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the diversity index of oral flora between betel quid chewers and non-chewers.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pangzhen Zhang, Nathaniel Quan En Chua, Simon Dang, Ashleigh Davis, Kah Wee Chong, Stephen S. Prime, Nicola Cirillo
Summary: Betel quid (BQ), a mixed package chewed by over 600 million people worldwide, is strongly associated with the development of potentially malignant and malignant diseases of the mouth. The composition of BQ varies geographically, and its capacity to induce disease reflects its distinct chemical composition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lei Yang, Weimin Dang, Xin Yu, Yi He, Chuan Shi, Jialong Yi, Lu Gao, Siheng Li, Tianhang Zhou, Yantao Ma
Summary: In this study, a self-administered screening test for betel quid use disorders (SST-BQUD) was developed and tested among betel quid chewers in Hunan, China. The test showed satisfactory reliability and validity, with an optimal cut-off score for screening BQUD identified. The SST-BQUD can be considered as a valid screening tool for betel quid use disorders among betel quid chewers in non-plant areas in China.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mayank Bahuguna, Sunila Hooda, Lalit Mohan, Rakesh Kumar Gupta, Prerna Diwan
Summary: The study aims to establish a connection between oral dysbiosis and betel quid chewing habits through a comparison of the oral microbiome of chewers and non-chewing individuals. Analysis of the oral microbiome of 22 adults in Delhi, India, showed significant differences in taxonomic abundance and diversity between chewers and non-chewers. Early chewers exhibited significant changes in their microbial niche, possibly due to exposure to chemicals in betel quid, and long-term chewers showed a unique microenvironment. Investigating the link between oral dysbiosis and oral diseases, including cancers, may lead to the identification of specific microbiome-based markers for early diagnosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ema Vrbanovic, Marko Zlendic, Koraljka Gall Troselj, Marko Tomljanovic, Kristina Vukovic Derfi, Iva Z. Alajbeg
Summary: This study compared the frequency of selected polymorphisms in genes related to antioxidative properties between patients with pain-related temporomandibula disorder and control subjects. It also investigated the association between these gene polymorphisms and participants' psychological and psychosomatic characteristics. However, the gene polymorphisms were not found to be significant risk factors for either TMDp or sleep-related oral behaviours.
Article
Oncology
Wen-Chen Wang, Yueh-Tzu Chiu, Yen-Yun Wang, Shuai-Lun Lu, Leong-Perng Chan, Chun-Ying Lee, Frances M. Yang, Shyng-Shiou F. Yuan, Chien-Hung Lee
Summary: This study investigates the association between DSM-5 betel-quid-related symptoms, pathological behaviors, and BQ use disorder (BUD) severity with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The study shows that certain symptoms and behaviors are associated with an increased risk of OSCC, and that reducing pathological use can mitigate this risk. Establishing a BUD-based strategy may be promising for preventing OSCC.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Su-Erh Chiu, Chung-Jan Kang, Shu-Ching Chen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with oral-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among betel quid (BQ) users receiving oral mucosal screening. The results showed that oral health status, anxiety, and BQ dependence were associated with OHRQoL. BQ users with poor oral health status, higher anxiety levels, and greater BQ dependence were more likely to have worse OHRQoL.
Article
Oncology
Yi-Hong Liu, Yu-Lian Chen, Ting-Yu Lai, Ying-Chieh Ko, Yu-Fu Chou, Peir-Rong Chen, Jenn-Ren Hsiao, Jang-Yang Chang, Shine-Gwo Shiah, Jeng-Woei Lee, Jia-Ling Yang, Su-Fang Lin
Summary: Partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) is a common feature in oral cavity tumors, requiring support from tumor stroma. Through gene set enrichment analysis and immunohistochemistry validation, molecular characteristics of different tumor types were identified. TGFBI and HYAL1 serve as prognostic biomarkers for oral cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Prangtip Worakhajit, Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip, Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit, Pim Chiewwit, Boworn Klongnoi
Summary: The study aimed to explore the association between major risk factors for oral cancer (tobacco, alcohol, betel quid) and the occurrence of oral potentially malignant disorders. Betel quid was identified as the strongest risk factor for OPMDs, followed by alcohol. The synergistic effect of tobacco, alcohol, betel quid exposure was most profound in individuals exposed to smokeless tobacco, betel quid, and alcohol.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Adriana Mendonca da Silva, Valeria Souza Freitas, Alexandre Rezende Vieira
Summary: This study found an association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes in the Wnt pathway and oral potentially malignant disorders.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohit Sharma, Mandana Donoghue, Radhika Pathiyal, Raghu Radhakrishnan
Summary: Oral submucous fibrosis is an irreversible, progressive, potentially malignant condition that develops among habitual areca nut chewers. The active ingredient, nicotine, in tobacco is addictive, and the chronic use of chewing tobacco increases the risk of mouth cancer.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Prerna Diwan, Mohit Nirwan, Mayank Bahuguna, Shashi Prabha Kumari, James Wahlang, Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Summary: Areca nut and slaked lime wrapped in Piper betle leaf, known as betel quid, is widely consumed as a chewing product. The consumption of betel quid can lead to oral lesions and dysbiosis in oral microbiota, which may contribute to oral cancer development. Certain bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been frequently associated with oral cancer in betel quid chewers. This review analyzes the potential oncogenicity of betel quid and the alterations in oral microbiome, and suggests that restoring the local microbiota could be a therapeutic or prophylactic strategy for oral cancer.