Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Stephen C. Graves, Brian T. Tomlin, Sean P. Willems
Summary: This paper reflects on the supply chain issues and operational challenges experienced during the Covid-19 pandemic. It applies operations management principles and a numerical model to explain and understand the occurrence of these issues. The paper highlights key lessons and discusses implications for future supply chain design and planning.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ziyu Jiang, Paul A. Dalby
Summary: Accelerating AAV manufacture to meet the demand for gene therapies is important but challenging. Quality by design ensures product quality and safety. Rapid stress tests, developability screens, and scale-down technologies can simplify AAV product and manufacturing bioprocess development, but require improved analytical methods and tools.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Istiaq Jamil Siddique, Arshad Adam Salema, Elsa Antunes, Ravikrishnan Vinu
Summary: MW-assisted heating technology is energy efficient and time-saving for biomass conversion, but faces challenges in scaling up due to factors such as material properties, hotspots, and MW power. This paper discusses these challenges and strategies to advance the scale-up of MW technology for processing biomass waste.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Optics
M. A. Al-Qadasi, L. Chrostowski, B. J. Shastri, S. Shekhar
Summary: This Perspective investigates the energy efficiency of integrated silicon photonic MAC circuits based on Mach-Zehnder modulators and microring resonators. It also discusses the bounds on energy efficiency and scaling limits for N x N optical networks with today's technology, as well as potential research directions to overcome current limitations.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gillian M. Hunt, Mukhlid Yousif, Leon Levin, Johanna Ledwaba, Kim Steegen, Tendesayi Kufa, Hloniphile Zwane, Monalisa Kalimashe, Vibha Kana, Getahun Aynalem, Jaclyn Perlman, Kassahun Ayalew, Gurpreet Kindra, Karidia Diallo, Sergio Carmona, Gayle Sherman, Elliot J. Raizes
Summary: HIV drug resistance is highly prevalent among paediatric patients failing ART in South Africa, with 90% of patients harbouring resistance to NNRTIs and/or NRTIs. Scaling up resistance testing would facilitate access to second- and third-line regimens in South Africa.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sarah S. Queiroz, Fanny M. Jofre, Solange Mussatto, Maria das Gracas A. Felipe
Summary: Xylitol is a safe polyol commonly used in the food industry for various health benefits and can also be a building block for high-value chemicals. The biotechnological route for xylitol production is seen as a lower-cost alternative to the chemical route, but still faces important bottlenecks and challenges. Strategies such as microbial strain evolution, engineered microorganisms, and purification techniques can potentially improve xylitol production efficiency.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Angel Estevez-Alonso, Ruizhe Pei, Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht, Robbert Kleerebezem, Alan Werker
Summary: This review examines pilot-scale microbial community-based PHA production, categorizing and analyzing research findings with a focus on various factors such as feedstocks, enrichment strategies, substrate PHA yields, biomass PHA content, and polymer characterization. The challenges for scaling-up such production systems are also identified.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Adrian Odenweller, Falko Ueckerdt, Gregory Nemet, Miha Jensterle, Gunnar Luderer
Summary: Green hydrogen is crucial for climate targets, but its supply faces short-term scarcity and long-term uncertainty. Investment is hindered, but emergency policy measures may expedite breakthrough and increase hydrogen availability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Animut Alebel, David Sibbritt, Pammla Petrucka, Daniel Demant
Summary: This study found that undernutrition significantly increased the risk of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among adults living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Rosanna W. Peeling, Piero L. Olliaro, Debrah Boeras, Noah Fongwen
Summary: WHO recommends antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) with at least 80% sensitivity and 97% specificity for patients with symptoms consistent with COVID-19. Ag-RDTs may show high false negative rates after the acute phase, suggesting the need for a combination of molecular and serological tests. In low prevalence settings and situations where infection needs to be ruled out, Ag-RDTs with high negative predictive values can be used confidently, but high false positive rates in low prevalence areas require further confirmation.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marguerite Thorp, MacDaphton Bellos, Tijana Temelkovska, Misheck Mphande, Morna Cornell, Julie Hubbard, Augustine Choko, Thomas J. Coates, Risa Hoffman, Kathryn Dovel
Summary: Mobility is associated with worse outcomes in the HIV treatment cascade, particularly among men in southern Africa. However, the mechanisms linking mobility and poor HIV outcomes, as well as the types of mobility that increase the risk of treatment interruption, are not well understood.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elisabeth Deutschmann, Heiner C. Bucher, Steffen Jaeckel, Sara Gibbons, Katie McAllister, Alexandra U. Scherrer, Dominique L. Braun, Matthias Cavassini, Anna Hachfeld, Alexandra Calmy, Manuel Battegay, Michela Cipriani, Luigia Elzi, James Young, Beatriz Lopez-Centeno, Juan Berenguer, Saye Khoo, Giusi Moffa, Catia Marzolini
Summary: The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) between antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and co-medications in HIV-positive individuals using HIV integrase inhibitors (INIs) decreased in 2018 compared to 2008. Despite fewer individuals receiving boosted regimens and NNRTIs, the aging population and increasing needs for co-medications contributed to impeding lower rates of PDDIs.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Sarang Deo, Sameer Mehta, Charles J. Corbett
Summary: This study addresses the challenges faced by clinics in sub-Saharan Africa in allocating scarce and unreliable antiretroviral drugs. It proposes a dynamic prioritization method of patient segments to maximize survival quality.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Angie Nguyen, Samir Lamouri, Robert Pellerin, Simon Tamayo, Beranger Lekens
Summary: This article reviews the current state, opportunities, and challenges of data analytics in pharmaceutical supply chains, proposing a framework focused on challenges and data resources, providing examples of techniques, and identifying gaps and research perspectives in existing literature.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Julie A. Hubbard, Misheck Mphande, Khumbo Phiri, Kelvin Balakasi, Risa M. Hoffman, Joseph Daniels, Augustine Choko, Thomas J. Coates, Kathryn Dovel
Summary: Male HIVST users face specific challenges in initiating ART, especially those who acquire HIVST through secondary distribution. Male-tailored interventions are desired by men and may help overcome barriers to care.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2022)
