Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia E. M. Upton, Eyal Grunebaum, Gordon Sussman, Peter Vadas
Summary: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays a crucial role in multiple inflammatory conditions, contributing to platelet aggregation and activation as well as allergic and nonallergic inflammatory diseases. Recent research has highlighted its significance in various medical conditions, including severe pediatric anaphylaxis, blood-brain barrier permeability, reproduction, ocular diseases, and cardiovascular risk. The investigation of PAF as both a biomarker and therapeutic target continues to provide potential for targeted and effective treatments for inflammatory conditions.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Nasir Uddin, Abrar Faiyaz, Lu Wang, Yuchuan Zhuang, Kyle D. Murray, Maxime Descoteaux, Madalina E. Tivarus, Miriam T. Weber, Jianhui Zhong, Xing Qiu, Giovanni Schifitto
Summary: Initiation of cART reduces inflammation in HIV-infected individuals, as shown by decreased extracellular free water (FW) levels in grey and white matter. FW levels correlated positively with neurofilament light chain (NfL) and negatively with CD4 counts. Both FW and NfL decreased after 12 weeks of cART treatment, suggesting that FW could be a biomarker for monitoring HIV-associated neuroinflammation. Long-term follow-up at 1 and 2 years showed no significant differences in FW levels between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, indicating that cART helps control neuroinflammation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Delphine Gabillard, Jean-Baptiste N'takpe, Marie-Laure Chaix, Gerard M. Kouame, Raoul Moh, Thomas-d'Aquin Toni, Jerome Le Carrou, Sophie Karcher, Anani Badje, Arlette Emieme, Herve Menan, Christine Danel, Xavier Anglaret, Serge P. Eholie
Summary: The Temprano trial showed that early initiation of ART can reduce the risk of virological failure and drug resistance in the medium term, which is especially important for resource-limited countries. Patients in the deferred group who started ART after 30 months had a higher rate of virological failure and a lower genotypic susceptibility score.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mary A. Smal, Brian A. Baldo
Summary: Experiments identified a fatty acid inhibitor in human saliva that can effectively inhibit PAF-induced platelet aggregation. The cis-unsaturated fatty acids showed strong inhibitory effects, especially on ADP-induced PA, suggesting a potential regulatory role in certain diseases.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jordi Roca-Ferrer, Maria Perez-Gonzalez, Isam Alobid, Valeria Tubita, Mireya Fuentes, Marina Bantula, Rosa Munoz-Cano, Antonio Valero, Inaki Izquierdo, Joaquim Mullol, Jacopo Galli
Summary: This study aimed to assess the role of the Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF)/receptor (PAFR) system in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The study found that PAFR protein was expressed in nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, and Lyso-PAF concentrations were higher in nasal polyps of asthmatic patients. These findings suggest that the PAF/PAFR system may play a role in CRSwNP pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Soodeh Mahdian, Reihaneh Pirjani, Raha Favaedi, Monireh Movahedi, Ashraf Moini, Maryam Shahhoseini
Summary: The study compared the levels of aPL and PAF among RIF and fertile women, finding that Anti Cardiolipin antibody IgG levels were above normal in a small portion of RIF patients. Differences in the correlation of aPL and PAF levels in the two groups suggest that the same changes may have different effects on RIF and fertile women.
JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Pu Rong, Jie-Li Wang, Angelina Angelova, Zakaria A. Almsherqi, Yuru Deng
Summary: This article explores the relationship between plasmalogens and Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF), suggesting the potential role of plasmalogenic analogs of PAF as modulators and PAF antagonists. The metabolic interconversion of these lipids is discussed as an important factor in preventing and relieving PAF-mediated inflammation, and the possibility of plasmalogen analogs as a new class of bioactive anti-inflammatory drugs is proposed. Additionally, the competition between PAF and its natural plasmalogenic analogs for binding to the PAF receptor is proposed as a mechanistic model and potential therapeutic perspective.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Filio Petsini, Agathi Ntzouvani, Maria Detopoulou, Vasiliki D. Papakonstantinou, Nick Kalogeropoulos, Elizabeth Fragopoulou, Tzortzis Nomikos, Meropi D. Kontogianni, Smaragdi Antonopoulou
Summary: Eating farmed fish fed with an olive-pomace enriched diet affects PAF metabolism and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, but has similar effects to conventionally fed farmed fish.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jeffrey B. Travers, Joyce G. Rohan, Ravi P. Sahu
Summary: PAF, a glycerophosphocholine lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in pathologic processes and can be transmitted through MVP to activate the PAF receptor and generate more PAF. Studying the PAF family of lipid mediators is essential for understanding the relationship among diverse cutaneous, cancerous, neurologic, and systemic pathologic processes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marie-Eve Tremblay, Zakaria A. Almsherqi, Yuru Deng
Summary: Fatty acids and phospholipids play essential roles in the structure and function of cell membranes. Recent research has focused on two subclasses of ether phospholipids, platelet activating factor (PAF) and its precursor plasmalogen, due to their association with several chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and metabolic disorders. Inflammatory conditions often involve an excess of PAF or decreased levels of plasmalogens. The exact mechanisms of plasmalogens in inflammation are not yet fully understood. Anti-inflammatory responses are likely mediated by the plasmalogen signaling pathway, while pro-inflammatory responses involve the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, particularly derived from the hydrolysis of plasmalogens. Changes in plasmalogen levels can affect cell membrane properties and impact signaling pathways involved in inflammatory cascades and immune responses. Plasmalogen replacement therapy shows promise as an anti-inflammatory strategy for treating chronic diseases with an inflammatory component.
Article
Biophysics
Divya Soundararajan, Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana, Prakash Shankaran, Uma Maheswari Krishnan
Summary: Nanotechnology-based interventions have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antiretroviral drugs for HIV infections. The use of nanocarriers for drug delivery is gaining momentum, offering the possibility to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with conventional drugs.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Francesco R. Simonetti, Hao Zhang, Garshasb P. Soroosh, Jiayi Duan, Kyle Rhodehouse, Alison L. Hill, Subul A. Beg, Kevin McCormick, Hayley E. Raymond, Christopher L. Nobles, John K. Everett, Kyungyoon J. Kwon, Jennifer A. White, Jun Lai, Joseph B. Margolick, Rebecca Hoh, Steven G. Deeks, Frederic D. Bushman, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano
Summary: The study highlights that antigen-driven clonal selection plays a major role in HIV-1 persistence, posing a difficult challenge for eradication efforts. The research demonstrates a link between antigen responsiveness, proviral sequence, integration site, and TCR beta sequence in understanding the mechanisms behind maintaining the HIV-1 reservoir.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nilaramba Adhikari, Ratna Bahadur Bhattarai, Rajendra Basnet, Lok Raj Joshi, Bhim Singh Tinkari, Anil Thapa, Basant Joshi
Summary: This study in Nepal found a 9.9% prevalence of tuberculosis among people living with HIV, with higher risk observed among male individuals, those from the Dalit ethnic group, those at WHO stage 3 and 4 of HIV, and those with a family history of TB. Targeted interventions are needed to prevent TB among PLHIVs in Nepal, as well as integrated TB and HIV diagnosis and treatment services for co-infected individuals.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Temesgen Kechine, Tilahun Ali, Teshager Worku, Lemesa Abdisa, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
Summary: This study investigated the magnitude and associated factors of anxiety among clients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. The results showed that approximately one-fourth of participants living with HIV/AIDS had anxiety. Factors such as being female, widowed, medium income, comorbid conditions, and perceived stigma were significantly associated with anxiety. This finding highlights the importance of mental health assessment, early detection, and treatment of anxiety as an integral component of HIV/AIDS care.
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
(2022)
