Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yasin Ertug Cekdemir, Uygar Mutlu, Gokce Karaman, Ali Balci
Summary: The study found that morphometric measurements on cranial CT images can accurately estimate gender, with significant differences between males and females. The most discriminatory parameters were bi-zygomatic breadth, maximum cranial length, and bi-mastoid diameter.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Esther Carneiro Ribeiro, Lucio Mitsuo Kurita, Paulo Goberlanio de Barros Silva, Filipe Nobre Chaves, Renata Cordeiro Teixeira Medeiros, Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho, Andrea Silvia Walter de Aguiar, Alynne Vieira de Menezes Pimenta, Diego Santiago de Mendonca, Fabio Wildson Gurgel Costa
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate sexual dimorphism in Brazilian edentulous individuals using a formula based on mandible-related linear radiomorphometric measurements. The study found that sex-related differences increased with age. In the age group of 71-80 years, both the superior and inferior panoramic mandibular indices (s-PMI and i-PMI) were significant in predicting sex, and only the s-PMI mean was significant when considering both sides. The alveolar bone resorption (ABR) index was significantly associated with sex and not influenced by the mandibular cortical index (MCI), and was used to construct a formula for sex estimation, with an accuracy of 69.0% in the 71-80 years age group.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Yasin Ertug Cekdemir, Uygar Mutlu, Gokce Karaman, Ali Balci
Summary: The study found that morphometric measurements performed on CT images of the calcaneus can be effective for sex estimation, with all parameters significantly higher in men compared to women. The best performance for sex estimation was displayed by dorsal articular facet length and body height, while the simultaneous use of multiple variables can achieve gender discrimination accuracy as high as 96%.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Elena Pilli, Andrea Palamenghi, Stefania Morelli, Debora Mazzarelli, Danilo De Angelis, Richard L. Jantz, Cristina Cattaneo
Summary: This study aimed to determine the sex and ancestry of a set of commingled crania through physical and molecular analysis. The results showed that physical analysis mostly classified the crania as male, although some remained uncertain. Inconsistencies were also found in ancestry estimation, with morphological methods suggesting European/White and molecular analysis confirming African males. Thus, the merger of physical and molecular anthropology may not be mature at present.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Mubarak A. Bidmos, Oladiran Olateju, Sabiha Latiff, Tawsifur Rahman, Muhammad E. H. Chowdhury
Summary: Predicting sex from bone measurements that exhibit sexual dimorphism is a crucial aspect of forensic anthropology. This study collected patella samples from Mixed Ancestry South Africans and used various measurements and machine learning techniques for sex prediction. The models proposed in this study showed reasonably high accuracy in predicting sex.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Athi Baliso, Laura Jane Heathfield, Victoria Elaine Gibbon
Summary: The identification of unknown human remains, especially those that are decomposed or burnt, is a global challenge, and Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) provides services to assist the South African government in identification. However, there is a lack of empirical data on anthropologically analyzed forensic cases in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This retrospective study reviewed anthropological data from 2006 to 2018 to assess the factors impacting successful identification. The study found that most decedents were male and over 35 years old, and the lack of medical records on ante-mortem injuries hindered the use of this information. Positive identifications were reached for 37% of cases, with highly accurate anthropological estimations for sex, age at death, and stature. However, 63% of cases remained unidentified, mainly due to skeletal completeness and pathological conditions. The study advocates for the routine use of forensic anthropology services for skeletonized remains in South Africa to positively impact human identification, and emphasizes the value of retrospective and region-specific studies to improve identification rates globally.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Angel DesMarais, Zuzana Obertova, Daniel Franklin
Summary: This study assesses the relationship between age and pelvic morphology in an Australian population and finds significant differences in the distribution and means of scores among age groups, but only in females. This suggests that age affects pelvic morphology and should be considered when estimating sex based on the pelvis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Maria Putsko, Milos Bordac, Jan Beljak, Jozef Krajcovic
Summary: The recovery and identification of casualties from World War I and II in Slovakia is still a challenging issue, as the remains are often disrupted and lack material culture, making victim identification almost impossible. Various legal medical doctors in ten regional workplaces across the country analyze accidental skeletal remains.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Catarina Ochoa Rodrigues, Maria Teresa Ferreira, Vitor Matos, David Goncalves
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of heat exposure on sex estimation based on morphological and metric features. Results showed that heat-induced changes affected scoring of features, especially at high temperatures, with caution advised during analysis of bones burnt at low-to-medium intensity burns.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Manuel Partido Navadijo, Ignacio Fombuena Zapata, Erik Adrian Borja Miranda, Inmaculada Aleman Aguilera
Summary: This study successfully established discriminant functions for sex estimation based on the analysis and measurement of ribs from contemporary skeletons. The results showed good feasibility and success rates, with excellent reproducibility demonstrated in intra-/inter-observer error tests.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Lara Indra, Werner Vach, Jocelyne Desideri, Marie Besse, Sandra L. Pichler
Summary: Sex estimation is crucial for forensic scientists in identifying human skeletal remains, with osteometric analyses proving useful but population-specific. Multivariable equations are preferred over single measurements, and the utility of talus and patella in sex estimation is limited, with discernible differences in accuracy among different measurements. Discriminant functions developed in Greek or Spanish populations can potentially be applied to Swiss populations.
Article
Biology
Heather M. Garvin, Rachel Dunn, Sabrina B. Sholts, M. Schuyler Litten, Merna Mohamed, Nathan Kuttickat, Noah Skantz
Summary: This study aimed to assess the utility of quantitative methods in distinguishing human from nonhuman remains and present additional resources for species identification. Through data analysis and the development of a web tool, the study achieved accurate differentiation between human and nonhuman species, providing important statistical support and resources for forensic anthropologists and other disciplines.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Muritala Odidi Suleiman, Barnabas Danborno, Sunday Abraham Musa, James Abrak Timbuak
Summary: Sex determination is an important procedure in forensic investigation, and foot dimensions and prints can be used to identify sex with reasonable accuracy.
FORENSIC SCIENCE MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Victoria Berezowski, Tracy Rogers, Eugene Liscio
Summary: This research developed a method combining morphological and metric cranial sex assessment using 3D technology, with a high overall accuracy rate. Although further testing is needed, this method enables forensic anthropologists to perform relatively easy measurements and conduct future analyses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biology
Camilla Cecannecchia, Benedetta Baldari, Andrea Cioffi
Summary: The study of bone mineral density and fracture dating based on healing processes plays a crucial role in forensic anthropology. By emphasizing the importance of these parameters, researchers aim to reconstruct biological profiles, determine time and cause of death, and minimize the impact of medication or substance abuse during life. The introduction of pharmacological history as a correction factor in bone remains analysis, backed by scientific studies, aims to enhance specificity in understanding the effects of certain therapies on bone mass and remodeling speed.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Arun Kumar Agnihotri, A. Aman Jowaheer, Adiilah K. Soodeen-Lalloo
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2015)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Arun Kumar Agnihotri, Smita Kachhwaha, Vandna Jowaheer, Ashok Pratap Singh
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2009)
Article
Law
Arun Kumar Agnihotri, Vandna Jowaheer, Anishta Allock
MEDICINE SCIENCE AND THE LAW
(2012)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Okezie I. Aruoma, Theeshan Bahorun, Arun K. Agnihotri
MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS
(2014)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Arun Kumar Agnihotri, Smita Kachhwaha, Krishna Googoolye, Anishta Allock
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2011)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Arun Agnihotri, Vipul Yagnik, Smriti Agnihotri, Bhargav Yagnik
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Vipul D. Yagnik, Sushil Dawka, Bhargav Yagnik, Arun K. Agnihotri, Smriti Agnihotri
Article
Medicine, Legal
R Rautji, C Behera, P Kulshrestha, A Agnihotri, DN Bhardwaj, TD Dogra
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2004)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Wangping Zhang, Kaikai Dong, Jing Sun, Zhiwei Huang, Ping Shi
Summary: Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation is crucial in forensic pathology. This study reveals a negative correlation between total protein content and PMI in mouse liver and spleen, as well as a positive correlation between beta-actin degradation and PMI in the liver. Proteomic techniques were employed to identify protein expression changes related to PMI in the liver, leading to the discovery of four significantly decreased proteins and three unchanged proteins with the increase of PMI. These findings provide potential internal references for more accurate and reliable estimation of the time of death.
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2024)
Review
Medicine, Legal
Wojciech Oronowicz-Jaskowiak, Tomasz Kozlowski, Marta Polanska, Jerzy Wojciechowski, Piotr Wasilewski, Dominik Slezak, Miros law Kowaluk
Summary: Machine learning methods for identifying child sexual abuse materials have limitations, including the lack of annotated training sets by forensic experts, rare use of models trained on real pornographic content, and absence of detailed justification for classification decisions. This study trained convolution neural networks using expert-labelled CSAM images, achieving high accuracy in classifying CSAM. The study also highlighted the crucial areas for classifying pornographic content involving children and suggested the ResNet-s neural network as a reliable tool for clinical work and supporting expert witnesses in the field of anthropology.
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2024)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Nozomi Idota, Ryutaro Takazakura, Hiroshi Ikegaya
Summary: Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) can occur after airway obstruction by foreign bodies or laryngospasms, and even if the obstruction is removed. The CT features of NPPE include diffuse central ground-glass opacities and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles and bronchial walls. Forensic practitioners may not be aware of NPPE, but understanding its mechanisms and CT findings can be useful for them.
JOURNAL OF FORENSIC AND LEGAL MEDICINE
(2024)
