Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saif S. Alqassim
Summary: The actin cytoskeleton is essential for cellular processes, and various pathogens manipulate the infected host's actin dynamics for their own benefit. Understanding the mechanisms by which pathogens interact with and control actin assembly can provide insights into fundamental determinants of actin assembly and host-pathogen interactions, and contribute to therapeutic development efforts. This review focuses on the shared and unique features of pathogen effectors that directly bind and assemble actin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Sanchez-Garrido, David Ruano-Gallego, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Gad Frankel
Summary: Recent studies have shown that T3SS effectors interact with each other in the host, revealing their interdependency and context-dependent essentiality, which is of great significance for understanding the pathogenesis of the pathogens.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoye Liang, Tong-Tong Pei, Zeng-Hang Wang, Weiliang Xiong, Li-Li Wu, Ping Xu, Shuangjun Lin, Tao G. Dong
Summary: The Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) is utilized by Gram-negative bacteria for interspecies interaction. This study identified a lysozyme-like effector TseP in Aeromonas dhakensis, showcasing its cell wall-lysing activities and T6SS dependency. Inactivating TseP and two other effectors led to the creation of a detoxified T6SS-active strain for potential protein delivery to various recipient cells.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy L. Cover
Summary: A split luciferase assay was developed to monitor the T4SS-mediated translocation of CagA into host cells in real-time, facilitating the quantitative analysis of CagA translocation and the kinetics of its delivery. This system also confirmed the importance of protein unfolding for secretion by the Cag T4SS.
MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ruyu Shen, Yang Yu, Zongchao Chen, Min Zhu, Yating Feng, Pengfei Niu, Shengqing Yu
Summary: In this study, the R. anatipestifer T9SS protein AS87_RS02625 was found to be a novel EndoI with DNase and RNase activities, and it plays an important role in bacterial virulence by affecting bacterial adherence, invasion, in vivo survival, and inducing inflammatory cytokines.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Anna Shaliutina-Loginova, Olivera Francetic, Pavel Dolezal
Summary: Bacteria have evolved sophisticated protein secretion nanomachines over billions of years to deliver toxins, enzymes, and proteins. The type II secretion system (T2SS) is used by Gram-negative bacteria to export folded proteins across the outer membrane. Recent findings have shown that components of the T2SS can be found in the mitochondria of certain eukaryotic lineages, suggesting the presence of a mitochondrial T2SS-derived system (miT2SS). This review discusses recent advances in the field and raises questions about the function and evolution of miT2SSs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shukun Luo, Bruna G. Coutinho, Prikshat Dadhwal, Yasuhiro Oda, Jiahong Ren, Amy L. Schaefer, E. Peter Greenberg, Caroline S. Harwood, Liang Tong
Summary: Some plant-associated proteobacteria have LuxR family transcription factors known as PipR subfamily members that play important roles in interactions with plant hosts and bacterial virulence of plants. The ethanolamine derivative, HEHEAA, was identified as an effective effector of PipR-mediated gene regulation in the plant endophyte Pseudomonas GM79. Crystallization of a HEHEAA-responsive SBP revealed the molecular basis of PipR system responses to plant factors, showing that different PipR-associated SBPs bind different effectors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sophie A. Howard, R. Christopher D. Furniss, Dora Bonini, Himani Amin, Patricia Paracuellos, David Zlotkin, Tiago R. D. Costa, Asaf Levy, Despoina A. I. Mavridou, Alain Filloux
Summary: The T6SS is a bacterial nanoscale weapon that delivers toxins into prey and plays a key role in the arms race between organisms. By using Hcp as bait, researchers identified uncharacterized toxins and investigated the role of Hcp in the T6SS mechanism.
Review
Cell Biology
Lena Hoang My Le, Le Ying, Richard L. Ferrero
Summary: Bacterial pathogens can manipulate host responses by producing effector proteins that target the nucleus of eukaryotic cells in animals and plants. These proteins, categorized as nucleomodulins or cyclomodulins, are delivered to host cells through various strategies and pathways, with potential implications for infectious diseases and cancer research.
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriel U. Oka, Diorge P. Souza, William Cenens, Bruno Y. Matsuyama, Marcus V. C. Cardoso, Luciana C. Oliveira, Filipe da Silva Lima, Iolanda M. Cuccovia, Cristiane R. Guzzo, Roberto K. Salinas, Chuck S. Farah
Summary: The study identified an interaction between XVIPCD and VirD4, dividing XVIPCD into two regions with distinct functions. The N-terminal region interacts with VirD4, while both the N- and C-terminal regions are required for efficient X-Tfe translocation into target cells. The conformational stability of the N-terminal region is reduced at lower pH, potentially facilitating X-Tfe unfolding and translocation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lei Song, Yongchao Xie, Chuang Li, Lidong Wang, Chunlin He, Yong Zhang, Jingya Yuan, Jingjing Luo, Xi Liu, Yu Xiu, Hang Li, Marina Gritsenko, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Yue Feng, Zhao-Qing Luo
Summary: The study reveals that SdjA functions as a dual enzyme, inhibiting the activity of SdeB and SdeC by glutamylation and acting as a deglutamylase to reverse SidJ-induced glutamylation on SdeA. This dual function of SdjA highlights the unique regulation of phosphoribosyl ubiquitination by the SidJ effector family.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jay Jayaraman, Minsoo Yoon, Lauren M. Hemara, Deborah Bohne, Jibran Tahir, Ronan K. Y. Chen, Cyril Brendolise, Erik H. A. Rikkerink, Matthew D. Templeton
Summary: Testing effector knockout strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) in their native kiwifruit host revealed nonredundant effectors contributing to Psa3 virulence, while complementation in weak kiwifruit pathogen P. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (Pfm) identified redundant Psa3 effectors. Important Psa3 effectors include those that suppress pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and early infection process effector redundancy targeting plant immunity hub RIN4.
Article
Immunology
Dor Braverman, Jenia Gershberg, Neta Sal-Man
Summary: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of gastrointestinal illness in developing countries. In this study, the researchers investigated the role of transmembrane domain (TMD) in the secretion and function of translocated intimin receptor (Tir) in host cells. They found that the C-terminal TMD (TMD2) is critical for Tir to escape integration into the bacterial membrane, while the N-terminal TMD (TMD1) is important for Tir's postsecretion function in host cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shuangshuang Zhao, Qiuping Xu, Yanqin Cui, Su Yao, Sihui Jin, Qian Zhang, Zeyu Wen, Haihua Ruan, Xin Liang, Yanjie Chao, Sitang Gong, Philippe Sansonetti, Ke Wei, Hong Tang, Yaming Jiu
Summary: Intracellular bacteria can manipulate the host cytoskeleton to create spaces for replication. The Salmonella effector SopB rearranges the vimentin network to form cage-like structures around the bacteria. Inhibition of MEK1/2 results in vimentin dispersion and disrupts bacterial replication, demonstrating the importance of the SopB-Cdc42-MEK1/2 signaling axis in maintaining stable Salmonella-containing vacuoles.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Lisa Bowman, Tracy Palmer
Summary: The T7SS of Staphylococcus aureus plays a crucial role in virulence in disease models and intraspecies competition, with its genes located at the ess locus encoding multiple substrate recognition proteins. T7SS is widely conserved across staphylococci, encoding various toxin and immunity genes, while genomic islands encoding multiple immunity proteins in species lacking T7SS suggest a significant role for the secretion system in bacterial antagonism.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MICROBIOLOGY, VOL 75, 2021
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Joana N. Bugalhao, Luis Jaime Mota, Irina S. Franco
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria da Cunha, Sara V. Pais, Joana N. Bugalhao, Luis Jaime Mota
Article
Immunology
Filipe Almeida, Maria P. Luis, Ines Serrano Pereira, Sara V. Pais, Luis Jaime Mota
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Microbiology
Xiu-Jun Yu, Grzegorz J. Grabe, Mei Liu, Luis Jaime Mota, David W. Holden
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara V. Pais, Charlotte E. Key, Vitor Borges, Ines S. Pereira, Joao Paulo Gomes, Derek J. Fisher, Luis Jaime Mota
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joana N. Bugalhao, Maria P. Luis, Ines S. Pereira, Maria da Cunha, Sara Pais, Luis Jaime Mota
Summary: CT006 is a novel protein in C. trachomatis that can associate with lipid droplets (LDs) and may participate in the interaction between LDs and C. trachomatis inclusions.
Article
Immunology
Ines P. Monteiro, Sofia Sousa, Vitor Borges, Paulo Goncalves, Joao Paulo Gomes, Luis Jaime Mota, Irina S. Franco
Summary: Two novel effectors, VFX05045 and VFX10045, of Legionella pneumophila were identified and their subcellular localizations were determined. Furthermore, the essential residues for nuclear targeting of VFX10045 were identified.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ines Serrano Pereira, Sara Vilela Pais, Vitor Borges, Maria Jose Borrego, Joao Paulo Gomes, Luis Jaime Mota
Summary: A study revealed that the CteG effector protein of Chlamydia trachomatis is involved in the lytic exit of host cells. Cells infected with wild-type C. trachomatis released more infectious chlamydiae in the culture supernatant compared to cells infected with a CteG-deficient strain. CteG also played a role in host cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CteG and Pgp4 were found to participate in a cascade of events leading to host cell lysis and release of infectious chlamydiae.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Isaura Simoes, Daniel E. Voth, Luis Jaime Mota
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maria Pequito Luis, Ines Serrano Pereira, Joana N. Bugalhao, CatarinaN Simoes, Cristiano Mota, Maria Joao Romao, Luis Jaime Mota
Summary: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial pathogen that infects the eyes and genitourinary system in humans. Its ability to grow inside host cells in a membrane-bound compartment called an inclusion relies on effector proteins that are transported by a type III secretion system. One of these effector proteins, IncM, was found to play a role in inhibiting host cell cytokinesis and inducing multinucleation in infected cells.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Joana N. Bugalhao, Luis Jaime Mota