Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eman El-Khateeb, Eman I. El-Berri, Esraa M. Mosalam, Mohamed Z. Nooh, Shimaa Abdelsattar, Amira M. Alghamdi, Sarah Alrubia, Mahmoud S. Abdallah
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of combining montelukast therapy with metformin in obese diabetic patients. The results showed that montelukast adjuvant therapy was superior to metformin-only therapy in diabetes control and weight loss, and it was well-tolerated and safe throughout the study duration.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Sainan Bian, Lisha Li, Zixi Wang, Le Cui, Yingyang Xu, Kai Guan, Bin Zhao, Lianglu Wang, Jia Yin
Summary: In this study, differences in neuropsychiatric events associated with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA), H1-antihistamines (H1-AH), and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were analyzed. The findings showed that LTRA related neuropsychiatric events were most common in 4-6-year-old children, while H1-AH and ICS related events were more common in patients aged 18-44 and over 65 years. Most symptoms occurred within the first 10 days of drug initiation. Additionally, the mortality rate of first generation H1-AH associated neuropsychiatric events was higher compared to LTRA and ICS.
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yuxuan Zhao, Xinyi Zhang, Congxiao Han, Yuchun Cai, Sicong Li, Xiaowen Hu, Caiying Wu, Xiaodong Guan, Christine Lu, Xiaoyan Nie
Summary: Pharmacogenetic research on leukotriene modifiers for asthma is progressing rapidly, but genetic testing for LTMs is not widely used in clinical practice yet. This systematic review and meta-analysis found variability in the pharmacogenomics of LTMs treatment response, with LTC4S-444A/C potentially influencing the treatment response of asthma patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Le Bai, Yong Xu, Tingyu Pan, Ying Zhang, Xianmei Zhou, Jie Xu
Summary: According to a meta-analysis of observational studies, there is no significant association between the use of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and the risk of neuropsychiatric entities. There is a mildly increased risk of neuropsychiatric entities in patients with allergic rhinitis, but no significant association in patients with asthma or in studies using data from databases.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Kachorn Seresirikachorn, Joaquim Mullol, Kanda Limitlaohaphan, Vararuthai Asvapoositkul, Kornkiat Snidvongs
Summary: The combination of INCS and LTRA showed no difference compared to INCS in monotherapy in improving nasal symptoms and patient's quality of life, but may be more effective in improving ocular symptoms.
Review
Immunology
Chin -Wei Hsu, Mei-Chuan Lee, Yi-Ming Hua, Chih-Cheng Lai, Hung-Jen Tang, Chien -Ming Chao
Summary: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), particularly inhaled budesonide, may help relieve symptoms in patients with COVID-19. However, ICS use does not reduce the risk of urgent care, emergency department visits, hospitalization, or death.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Parinya Ruenwilai, Theerakorn Theerakittikul, Warawut Chaiwong, Nittaya Phetsuk, Chaicharn Pothirat, Chalerm Liwsrisakun
Summary: In partially controlled asthma patients, LTRA add-on therapy is comparable to stepping up to a medium dose of ICS in terms of asthma control.
ALLERGOLOGIA ET IMMUNOPATHOLOGIA
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ha Young Jang, In-Wha Kim, Jung Mi Oh
Summary: The study found that the use of LTRAs was associated with a decreased risk of cancer, especially when used in high dose and for a longer duration. The results could be utilized for developing new chemo-preventive regimens or designing feasible RCTs.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Donald L. Gilbert, Jordan S. Dubow, Timothy M. Cunniff, Stephen P. Wanaski, Sarah D. Atkinson, Atul R. Mahableshwarkar
Summary: All FDA-approved medications for Tourette syndrome in the US are antipsychotics, which have limited use due to the risk of weight gain, metabolic changes, and drug-induced movement disorders. However, small trials have shown that ecopipam, a selective dopamine 1 receptor antagonist, can reduce tics without these adverse effects. This multicenter trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ecopipam in children and adolescents with moderate to severe Tourette syndrome.
Article
Cell Biology
Shakti Ranjan Satapathy, Souvik Ghatak, Anita Sjoelander
Summary: This study investigates the role of the CysLT1R/Wnt/ss-catenin signaling pathway in regulating PD-L1 expression in colorectal cancer. The study shows that upregulation of CysLT1R enhances PD-L1 expression, and targeting CysLT1R with its antagonist or using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inhibition reduces PD-L1 expression, potentially improving the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Sakura Fujisawa, Yuka Nagata, Ryo Suzuki
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms underlying CysLT1R-mediated mast cell activation. The results showed that CysLT1R plays a major role in accelerating mast cell activation. CysLT1R enhances mast cell activation by accelerating IgE-induced signal transduction, enabling the co-regulation of rapid degranulation and delayed synthesis of inflammatory mediators.
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Anders Pitzner-Fabricius, Christian H. Dall, Marius Henriksen, Erik S. H. Hansen, Louise L. Toennesen, Morten Hostrup, Vibeke Backer
Summary: A study conducted in Copenhagen found that after 6 months of supervised high-intensity interval training, asthma patients were able to reduce their daily inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose without compromising asthma control.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhengying Wang, Xiuling Wu, Jinghong Liu, Yu Wang, Yue Zhang, Yan Wu, Yingxue Kang, Ronghai Zhang, Jin Li, Delong Liu
Summary: Montelukast sodium can reduce the number of reactive cells, the number of lymphocytes in blood cells, and blood vessels in adenoid lymphoid tissue, providing a new idea for preoperative intervention and non-surgical treatment of adenoid hypertrophy in children. However, further studies with longer treatment periods are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of montelukast sodium on adenoid lymphoid tissue.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Ji-Su Shim, Min-Hye Kim, Min-Ho Kim, Young-Joo Cho, Eun Mi Chun
Summary: This study investigated the association between the use of a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) and the risk of developing NP diseases in adults with asthma using nationwide, retrospective cohort data. The results showed that LTRA exposure or duration of use was not associated with the occurrence of NP diseases in Korean adult asthmatics.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Amir Houshang Ansari, Zahra Shooshtari, Mohammad Alipour, Majid Hosseini Abrishami, Alireza Shirzadeh, Sahand Samieirad
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative administration of oral montelukast on postoperative pain following bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. The results showed that the montelukast group had significantly lower pain levels compared to the placebo group, and the duration of surgery had a significant impact on postoperative pain intensity.
JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Wing Gi Gigi Ng, Kam Lun Hon, Jeng Sum Charmaine Kung, Nam Sze Cheng, Mark Jean-Aan Koh, Huaiqiu Huang, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Ting Fan Leung
Summary: Bathing with pine-tar is an effective and recommended adjuvant treatment for patients with atopic dermatitis. Disease improvement is associated with reduction of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and IgE levels. Acceptability of both bath oils was good, and no product-related serious adverse events were recorded.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGICAL TREATMENT
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yating Wan, Tao Zuo, Zhilu Xu, Fen Zhang, Hui Zhan, Dorothy Chan, Ting-Fan Leung, Yun Kit Yeoh, Francis K. L. Chan, Ruth Chan, Siew C. Ng
Summary: The gut microbiome in Chinese children with ASD showed changes in composition, ecological network, and functionality compared to TD children. Novel bacterial markers for predicting ASD were identified and there was evidence of underdevelopment in the gut microbiota of children with ASD compared to their age-matched peers.
Review
Pediatrics
Kam L. Hon, Alexander K. C. Leung, Alex H. C. Wong, Amrita Dudi, Karen K. Y. Leung
Summary: This article provides an update on the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of viral bronchiolitis, primarily due to RSV. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestation, and viral testing is useful for cohort and quarantine purposes only. Treatment is mainly supportive, as no current pharmacologic treatment or novel therapy has been proven to improve outcomes. Viral bronchiolitis in early life predisposes asthma development later in childhood.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Lingyi Wang, Qing Xiong, Nawannaporn Saelim, Lin Wang, Wenyan Nong, Angel Tsz-Yau Wan, Mai Shi, Xiaoyu Liu, Qin Cao, Jerome Ho Lam Hui, Nitat Sookrung, Ting-Fan Leung, Anchalee Tungtrongchitr, Stephen Kwok Wing Tsui
Summary: The study successfully characterized the allergen profile of the American cockroach at the molecular level, identifying seven novel allergen groups and one isoallergen. The research also revealed the possibility of cross-reaction with closely related species.
Article
Pediatrics
Oi Man Chan, Billy Ming-Hei Lai, Agnes Sze-Yin Leung, Ting Fan Leung, Assunta Chi-Hang Ho
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of ERA patients in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. The results showed a high proportion of ERA patients with sacroiliitis, and a significant number of them had radiological structural changes during early disease. The conclusion of the study highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment in these children.
PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yehao Chen, Yuping Song, Zigui Chen, Jennifer Wing Ki Yau, Kate Ching Ching Chan, Agnes Sze Yin Leung, Oi Man Chan, Apple Chung Man Yeung, Connie Lai Yuk Yuen, Paul Kay Sheung Chan, Wing Hung Tam, Ting Fan Leung
Summary: This study investigated the early-life evolution of the skin microbiome in Chinese children and its association with eczema phenotypes. The results showed that atopic sensitization at 12 months was strongly associated with persistent eczema at 24 months. Children with atopic eczema had reduced alpha diversity at 12 months and transiently higher abundance of the genus Janibacter at 6 months compared to those with non-atopic eczema. These findings suggest that atopic sensitization at 12 months may predict persistent eczema, and atopic eczema is associated with unique skin microbiome profiles at different time points. Non-invasive skin-microbiome profiling may have predictive value for atopic eczema.
Review
Pediatrics
Alexander K. C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Kin Fon Leong, Kam Lun Hon
Summary: Erythema infectiosum, caused by parvovirus B19, is a common exanthematous disease in children. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory tract secretions and, to a lesser extent, saliva. Children between 4 and 10 years old are most commonly affected. The rash evolves in three stages, starting with a cheek rash and progressing to a diffuse macular rash on the trunk and extremities. The rash usually resolves within three weeks without sequelae. In adults, the rash is less pronounced and often atypical. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, and complications can include arthritis, arthralgia, and transient aplastic crisis. In pregnant women, hydrops fetalis can be a concern.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Alexander K. C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Kam Lun Hon
Summary: Premature thelarche is the most common pubertal disorder in girls, characterized by isolated breast development without other signs of puberty. Most cases are idiopathic and may be associated with abnormal activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or increased sensitivity to estrogens. The condition is benign and does not require treatment, but long-term follow-up is necessary to exclude central precocious puberty.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Alexander K. C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin
Summary: Infectious mononucleosis is a common infection that primarily affects adolescents and young adults. It is characterized by symptoms such as fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. If left untreated, it can lead to complications like splenic rupture. Early diagnosis is crucial for minimizing complications and providing appropriate management.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Alexander K. C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Alex H. C. Wong, Kam Lun Hon, Xiuling Li
Summary: This article provides an overview of clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention, and management of iron deficiency anemia in children. Iron deficiency anemia is most common in children aged nine months to three years and during adolescence. Mild cases are usually asymptomatic, but severe and prolonged iron deficiency anemia can lead to neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits. Oral iron therapy is the first-line treatment, while parenteral iron therapy and blood transfusion are usually unnecessary.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Alexander K. C. Leung, Joseph M. Lam, Benjamin Barankin, Kin Fon Leong, Kam Lun Hon
Summary: Early diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are recommended to prevent suppurative complications (e.g., cervical lymphadenitis, peritonsillar abscess) and non-suppurative complications (particularly rheumatic fever) as well as to reduce the severity of symptoms, to shorten the duration of the illness and to reduce disease transmission.
CURRENT PEDIATRIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Linguistics
Nikolay Novitskiy, Akshay R. Maggu, Ching Man Lai, Peggy H. Y. Chan, Kay H. Y. Wong, Hugh Simon Lam, Tak Yeung Leung, Ting Fan Leung, Patrick C. M. Wong
Summary: This study investigated the development of early-latency and long-latency brain responses to native and non-native speech, revealing the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying perceptual narrowing and early language development. The results showed that neurons in the earlier stages of the auditory pathway mature rapidly during infancy, encoding both native and non-native sounds. Neurons in the later stages of the auditory pathway show sensitivity to the phonological status of speech based on the infant's native language environment at around six months.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Allergy
Agnes Sze-yin Leung, Noelle-anne Ngai, Kit-yee Wong, Po-ki Ho, Wai-hung Chan, Yat-sun Yau, Ting-fan Leung
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Pediatrics
T. F. Leung, Y. P. Song, J. Hou, M. F. Tang, M. Shi, A. S. Leung, R. Chan, S. K. Tsui, G. W. Wong
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Allergy
Ting Fan Leung, Yu Ping Song, Jinpao Hou, Agnes Sze Yin Leung, Man Fung Tang, Mai Shi, Stephen Kwok-Wing Tsui, Gary Wong
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)