Article
Clinical Neurology
Steven C. Cramer, Lode G. Richards, Julie Bernhardt, Pamela Duncan
Summary: Cognition is a fundamental aspect of human existence and brain function. Stroke often leads to cognitive deficits, which can significantly impact poststroke functional recovery. Recent advancements in understanding cognitive functions in healthy individuals hold promise for improving our understanding and treatment of poststroke cognitive impairments. This article provides five reviews on commonly observed cognitive syndromes after stroke, including neglect, aphasia, apraxia, loss of executive function, and memory disorders. These reviews discuss key questions and gaps in knowledge, emphasizing the need for improved measurement tools, insights into the pathophysiology of symptom onset and recovery mechanisms, and validated biomarkers. Overall, these state-of-the-art summaries facilitate progress towards better understanding and management of poststroke cognitive impairments.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Keisuke Morihara, Shoko Ota, Kazuo Kakinuma, Nobuko Kawakami, Yuichi Higashiyama, Shigenori Kanno, Fumiaki Tanaka, Kyoko Suzuki
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) and agrammatism in nonfluent/agrammatic variant primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) and compare the atrophic regions in PPA patients with and without BFA. Language examination and BFA evaluations were conducted on 74 PPA patients, revealing BFA in 20 nfvPPA patients and 3 unclassified PPA patients. The group with BFA showed worse spontaneous speech and writing, and a higher ratio of agrammatic errors, but no difference in the severity of prosodic and phonetic components of AOS compared to the group without BFA. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis revealed that the severity of BFA correlated with atrophy in specific regions of the frontal gyrus. BFA has a distinct anatomical basis from AOS in nfvPPA patients and is characterized by more anterior degeneration.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claudia C. Schmidt, Elisabeth I. S. Achilles, Katharina Bolte, Nina N. Kleineberg, Monika K. Richter, Natalie Schloss, Gereon R. Fink, Peter H. Weiss
Summary: The study investigated the association between subcortical gray matter lesions and apraxic deficits in LH stroke patients, finding that lesions in the caudate nucleus were significantly related to apraxic deficits, while lesions in the globus pallidus were associated with a lower likelihood of apraxia. Other subcortical structures did not show significant differences in lesion load between apraxic and nonapraxic patients.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mitchell W. Isaacs, Laurel J. Buxbaum, Aaron L. Wong
Summary: Imitating observed actions is an efficient method for learning novel movements. This study investigated the role of proprioception in imitation and found that representing movement goals proprioceptively is crucial for successful imitation. Patients with apraxia, a neurological disorder commonly seen after left hemisphere stroke, showed deficits in representing and accessing proprioceptive goals, which contributed to their imitation impairments.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Adolfo M. Garcia, Ariane E. Welch, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Maya L. Henry, Sladjana Lukic, Maria Jose Torres Prioris, Jessica Deleon, Buddhika M. Ratnasiri, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Bruce L. Miller, William Seeley, Adam P. Vogel, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: This study utilized automated speech timing analyses in a cohort of autopsy-proven cases to investigate motor speech function in individuals with nfvPPA. The results indicated that automated analysis can capture specific markers of nfvPPA and potentially discriminate between patients with different tauopathies. The objectivity and scalability of this approach could support standard speech assessments.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Adolfo M. Garcia, Ariane E. Welch, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Maya L. Henry, Sladjana Lukic, Maria Jose Torres Prioris, Jessica Deleon, Buddhika M. Ratnasiri, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Bruce L. Miller, William Seeley, Adam P. Vogel, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: Automated speech timing analyses can identify specific markers of nfvPPA and potentially differentiate between patients with different tauopathies. This approach, thanks to its objectivity and scalability, could be a valuable support for standard speech assessments.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Wolfram Ziegler, Ingrid Aichert, Anja Staiger, Klaus Willmes, Annette Baumgaertner, Tanja Grewe, Agnes Floeel, Walter Huber, Roman Rocker, Catharina Korsukewitz, Caterina Breitenstein
Summary: Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder that often occurs with aphasia after lesions to the left cerebral hemisphere. This study examined the frequency of apraxia of speech in a sample of 156 patients with chronic post-stroke aphasia. The prevalence rate was estimated to be 0.44, with a lower rate of 0.35 for moderate and severe cases and a further decrease to 0.22 for only severe impairment. Clinical criteria and rating scales were found to predict the presence of apraxia of speech. Previous prevalence estimates may have been biased by a low sensitivity of assessment instruments for mild speech impairment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sungyang Jo, Jungsu S. Oh, E-Nae Cheong, Hyung Ji Kim, Sunju Lee, Minyoung Oh, Jae Seung Kim, Sun Ju Chung, Chong S. Lee, Miseon Kwon, Dongwha Kang, Jae-Hong Lee
Summary: This study used FDG-PET to reveal distinct glucose hypometabolism patterns in ideomotor and imitation apraxia subtypes in CBS patients. Patients with both ideomotor and imitation apraxia were more likely to exhibit the typical features of CBS and progressive supranuclear palsy compared to those with only one type of apraxia. These findings contribute to our understanding of the brain networks underlying apraxia in relation to the clinical features of CBS.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Naomi de Kleine, Miranda L. Rose, Michael Weinborn, Robert Knox, Nicolas Fay
Summary: This study assessed the impact of gesture on the communication success of people with aphasia through a systematic review. The results showed that gesture can improve the communication success of people with aphasia beyond spoken language alone. However, the severity of apraxia can hinder the effectiveness of gesture, while aphasia severity and semantic processing deficits do not have a significant impact.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Haley C. Dresang, Aaron L. Wong, Laurel J. Buxbaum
Summary: This study examined the shared cognitive and neural mechanisms in the domains of action and language, and found that semantic information plays a positive role in both domains, but labeling does not provide additional benefits for gesture imitation.
Article
Biology
Chris Code
Summary: This paper discusses how symptoms in speech and language processing following brain damage can contribute to discussions of early language evolution. It suggests that the recovery of non-fluent aphasia syndrome post-stroke may provide insights into human language evolution history, and argues that the observed recovery reflects processes in human speech and language development.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexis L. Pracar, Maria V. Ivanova, Amber Richardson, Nina F. Dronkers
Summary: Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder affecting the coordination of articulatory movements. The study focused on a case of pure AOS without aphasia and explored speech errors and their underlying neural correlates. The findings supported the dissociability of AOS and aphasia, and highlighted the role of the precentral gyrus and underlying white matter in articulatory coordination.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Jelena Farkic
Summary: Methodological challenges in outdoor adventure tourism research are often overlooked. This study critically discusses the researcher's role in exploring outdoor experiences, emphasizing the importance of embodied experiences in generating knowledge. The research process is messy, complex, and influenced by ethical concerns, struggles, and idiosyncrasies of the researcher.
TOURISM GEOGRAPHIES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Xingyang Lv, Ruihua Lu, Shuangyu Xu, Jiaojiao Sun, Yang Yang
Summary: This study investigated the influence of visual darkness on tourists' dark experience and found that it affected their psychological experience and behavioral intentions. The study also found that this effect existed in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, providing practical implications for the creation of experiences in dark tourism destinations.
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Baichang Zhong, Liying Xia, Siyu Su
Summary: This study explores the effects of programming tools with different degrees of embodiment on learning Boolean operations in elementary school. The results indicate that the group using the programming tool with a high degree of embodiment performed better in terms of programming work quality and test scores compared to the group using the tool with a middle degree of embodiment.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
