Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Martin-Jimenez, Michael G. Ruppert, Alexander Ihle, Sebastian Ahles, Hermann A. Wegner, Andre Schirmeisen, Daniel Ebeling
Summary: This study analyzes the suitability of qPlus sensors for modern multifrequency AFM techniques and demonstrates their ability to achieve submolecular resolution imaging. The results show that using torsional and flexural higher eigenmodes can produce good imaging results and reveal specific contrast features.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seongoh Kim, Yunkyung Lee, Manhee Lee, Sangmin An, Sang-Joon Cho
Summary: Utilizing the newly developed PinPoint(TM) nanomechanical mode, AFM can quickly and accurately measure the Young's modulus of a sample's entire scan surface. This approach allows for simultaneous measurements of topographical and force-distance data at each pixel within the scan area, enabling quantitative visualization of pixel-by-pixel topographical height and Young's modulus of the entire scan surface.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xu Yang, Chengfu Ma, Xiuxia Wang, Chenggang Zhou
Summary: Mechanical characterization at the nanoscale is essential for various fields such as nanomaterials, micro/nano devices, and nanomechanics. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), a key tool in nanotechnology, is widely used for its high-resolution imaging capabilities and as a platform for nanoscale mechanical characterization. Contact-resonance AFM, which modulates the tip-sample contact and analyzes the cantilever's resonance responses, is important for viscoelastic characterization. However, it requires time-consuming frequency sweep, limiting its practicality for quantitative scanning.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yonggui Cheng, Shanpeng Li, Jianlin Liu
Summary: The study comprehensively investigated the mechanical behaviors of a hard magnetic disc under the action of a magnet, including deformation, axial displacement, and contact force calculations. The experimental results matched with the theoretical model, and have important implications in areas such as controllable devices, robotics, and high-precision measurement.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Gennady P. Berman, Vladimir Tsifrinovich
Summary: We have studied the magnetic resonance force microscopy with a high-frequency nanomechanical cantilever and found that there is a small probability of a large frequency shift in the cantilever oscillation when its frequency matches the resonant frequency of a single electron spin. This finding suggests new experimental opportunities for enhancing the sensitivity in detecting a single electron or nuclear spin using a high-frequency cantilever.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Bowei Cheng, Da Wu, Ke Bian, Ye Tian, Chaoyu Guo, Kaihui Liu, Ying Jiang
Summary: This article presents a scanning probe microscope (SPM) system based on the qPlus sensor for atomic-scale optical experiments. The system is designed to operate under ultrahigh vacuum and low temperature conditions, and includes front lenses with high numerical apertures to optimize light excitation and collection. The system achieves high mechanical and thermal stability, and enables atomic-resolution imaging, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, and resolution of hydrogen-bonding structures.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Michael G. Ruppert, Daniel Martin-Jimenez, Yuen K. Yong, Alexander Ihle, Andre Schirmeisen, Andrew J. Fleming, Daniel Ebeling
Summary: QPlus sensors are non-contact atomic force microscope probes that offer atomic-scale spatial resolution. They are commonly used to visualize the chemical structure of adsorbed organic molecules. However, recent experiments using higher-order resonance modes have shown different image contrast, suspected to be caused by unknown vibrations of the tip. This study investigates the source of these artifacts and provides guidance for future probe development.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Guillermo Lopez-Polin, Hugo Aramberri, Jorge Marques-Marchan, Benjamin Weintrub, Kirill Bolotin, Jorge Cerda, Agustina Asenjo
Summary: Research has focused on increasing the ANE coefficient of materials, but little effort has been devoted to increasing the power supplied by the effect. By fabricating micrometer-sized devices and using materials with high ANE thermopower, record power densities generated by the ANE have been achieved.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Binyu Zhao, Youquan Jia, Yi Xu, Elmar Bonaccurso, Xu Deng, Guenter K. Auernhammer, Longquan Chen
Summary: Researchers have investigated the microscopic wetting phenomena of water on nonwetting nanoporous surfaces, characterizing the nanoscopic morphology and effective stiffness of liquid-air interfaces inside nanopores. They found that the nanomenisci exhibit apparent elastic deformation and size-dependent effective stiffness, and correlated these properties with the wetting behavior of water droplets on structured surfaces.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Dominik Kirpal, Jinglan Qiu, Korbinian Puerckhauer, Alfred J. Weymouth, Michael Metz, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of a qPlus sensor in atomic force microscopy to achieve atomic resolution in various environments, and shows how any qPlus AFM setup can be modified to work as a biaxial sensor for simultaneous measurement of lateral and vertical force components.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tianmao Lai, Yuguo Chen, Jianchao Sun, Mingli Guo
Summary: The adhesion force between silicon, glass, and sapphire samples increases logarithmically with dwell time and then saturates, while it does not depend on dwell time for other samples due to the low viscosity of the film. Abnormal behaviors were observed on some samples, possibly related to the evolution of a liquid bridge in the contact zone.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Telmo O. Paiva, Albertus Viljoen, Yves F. Dufrene
Summary: Advancements in atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and methodologies in microbiology have enhanced our understanding of microbial cell surfaces. Recent studies have shown that AFM imaging of cells and membranes at or near molecular resolution enables detailed visualization of membrane-drug interactions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Christina Stefani, Eric Langenberg, Kumara Cordero-Edwards, Darrell G. Schlom, Gustau Catalan, Neus Domingo
Summary: Flexoelectricity is a property of dielectric materials where electric polarization is induced by strain gradients, becoming dominant at the nanoscale. Coupling flexoelectricity with piezoelectricity enables mechanical writing and reading of ferroelectric polarization, with enhanced sensitivity observed in thin films at the nanoscale. Engineering mechanical stiffness of cantilevers can improve the mechanical reading of ferroelectric polarization in a non-destructive way.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lauren M. Otto, Derek Nowak, William Morrison, Sung Park, Barry C. Stipe, Aeron T. Hammack
Summary: This paper describes the progress of scanning probe microscopy characterization techniques in the 21st century and explores their application for industrial metrology purposes, particularly focusing on the advancement of heat-assisted magnetic recording heads. Through simultaneous multimethod approaches, we demonstrate the overlapping of optical and magnetic fields in fabricated heads.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yaoping Hou, Chengfu Ma, Wenting Wang, Yuhang Chen
Summary: A plasmonic atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe was proposed, utilizing a part of the laser beam to monitor cantilever deflection as the excitation light source. By integrating photonic crystal cavities near the cantilever's free end, a confined hot-spot at the metal-coated tip apex can be induced via transmitted light excitation. Numerical simulations showed that the plasmonic probe can efficiently couple a tilted, linearly polarized beam and achieve a significant local electromagnetic enhancement, making it a powerful tool for simultaneous optical, mechanical, and electrical characterizations.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alfred John Weymouth, Elisabeth Riegel, Bianca Simmet, Oliver Gretz, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: The research shows that on the surfaces of Cu(111) and Ag(111), even without inelastic events, the presence of the tip can induce rotations of CuPc molecules, and closer approach results in the rotated states being favored. Additionally, the long-range attraction of the tip can change the potential energy landscape of the CuPc molecular switch, and the geometry of the rotated and ground states of CuPc differs on Cu(111) and Ag(111).
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Dominik Kirpal, Jinglan Qiu, Korbinian Puerckhauer, Alfred J. Weymouth, Michael Metz, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of a qPlus sensor in atomic force microscopy to achieve atomic resolution in various environments, and shows how any qPlus AFM setup can be modified to work as a biaxial sensor for simultaneous measurement of lateral and vertical force components.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Stilp, Andreas Bereczuk, Julian Berwanger, Nadine Mundigl, Klaus Richter, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study utilized an atomic force microscope to investigate the bonding properties of a quantum corral, finding that confined electrons in the corral showed covalent attraction to metal tips and Pauli repulsion to CO-terminated tips. Repulsion at close distances and appropriately scaled forces with corral size were observed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: The nature of the chemical bond is crucial in various natural sciences, and the AFM technology allows for the study of individual chemical bonds. Experimental AFM data covers a range of chemical bonds, while density functional theory calculations are related to these studies. Frequency modulation AFM is a precise method that has enabled high precision measurements of bonding strengths.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Oliver Gretz, Alfred J. Weymouth, Thomas Holzmann, Korbinian Purckhauer, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: In lateral force microscopy, utilizing the scanning tunneling microscopy channel for acquiring amplitude and tilt data provides a more accurate and reliable method.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physics, Applied
Alfred J. Weymouth, Oliver Gretz, Elisabeth Riegel, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: In this study, we used lateral force microscopy to investigate the energy dissipation in sliding friction. We found that the CO molecule on the tip bends in different directions as it oscillates over pairs of atoms, leading to energy dissipation. Surprisingly, friction was observed only within a specific range of tip heights, indicating the sensitivity of friction to the local potential energy landscape.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Hofmann, Xinguo Ren, Alfred J. Weymouth, Daniel Meuer, Alexander Liebig, Andrea Donarini, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study presents a method for the transition from graphite to diamond on the atomic scale and reveals the local rehybridization of the structure during this transition. The experimental observation of harmonics at specific thresholds and force reduction provides evidence for the existence of this transition.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexander Liebig, Christoph Setescak, Adrian Weindl, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study utilizes high-resolution atomic force microscopy to observe and analyze surface defects in Bi2Se3. The researchers find that all Se vacancies have a positive polarity, confirming them as electron donors. This work provides a new method for accurately determining the physical properties of defects in topological insulators.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alfred J. Weymouth, Emily Roche, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study investigates the effect of an electron donor on the electronic state by studying mixed islands of PTCDA and CuPc. The results show that the 2DEG state disappears and new states emerge under submonolayer coverage.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrea Auer, Bernhard Eder, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This paper presents a combined AFM/STM instrument realized with a qPlus sensor and a home-built potentiostat for electrochemical applications. It demonstrates the potential of the instrument by simultaneously imaging graphite with atomic resolution in acidic electrolytes and precisely measuring the interfacial solvent layering as a function of the applied potential.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Theresa Seeholzer, Daniela Tarau, Lea Hollendonner, Andrea Auer, Reinhard Rachel, Dina Grohmann, Franz J. Giessibl, Alfred J. Weymouth
Summary: Researchers compared the S-layer proteins extracted from the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilium using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid and ambient conditions with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images under vacuum conditions. Improved AFM scanning and sample preparation methods allowed the observation of the crystalline structure of the S-layer samples.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Norio Okabayashi, Thomas Frederiksen, Alexander Liebig, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study reveals the complete manipulation process of a CO molecule on a Cu(110) surface using a combination of noncontact atomic force microscopy and density functional theory simulations. An intermediate state crucial for understanding dynamic friction is found in the reaction pathway during manipulation.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Norio Okabayashi, Thomas Frederiksen, Alexander Liebig, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: Friction, a complex phenomenon, is studied by simplifying the system through molecular manipulation. In this paper, the authors use noncontact atomic force microscopy, inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations to investigate the molecular manipulation process of a single CO molecule on Cu(110) and Cu(111) surfaces. They discover the presence of an important adsorption site that plays a role in the manipulation process and contributes to understanding the dynamics of manipulation and dynamic friction.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexander Liebig, Christoph Setescak, Adrian Weindl, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: Topological insulators are a type of materials that exhibit semiconducting or insulating properties in their bulk form but possess topologically protected gapless states at their boundaries. This study used high-resolution atomic force microscopy to observe and determine the polarity of surface defects in Bi2Se3. The findings showed that all Se vacancies are electron donors, providing valuable information for accurately determining the physical properties of defects in topological insulators.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alfred J. Weymouth, Mats Persson, Franz J. Giessibl
Summary: This study investigates the growth and structure of a thin insulating layer on Pt(111) by growing monolayer islands of NaCl and using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The STM images show a square lattice of Cl anions, while the AFM images only resolve approximately two-thirds of the Cl ions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the bimodal distribution of the adsorption heights of the Cl anions above the surface, which can explain the AFM observations.