Article
Geography, Physical
Xiaopeng Fan, Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, Xingchen Li, Nan Zhang, Alexey Markov, Yang Yang, Pinlu Cao, Rusheng Wang, Yongwen Liu, Yunchen Liu, Ting Wang, Wei Wu, Cheng Yang, Jialin Hong, Da Gong, Han Zhang, Mikhail Sysoev, Xiao Li, An Liu, Yazhou Li
Summary: The Antarctic subglacier drilling rig (ASDR) is designed for ice core and bedrock core recovery. It includes auxiliary systems for power supply, drill tripping, ice core processing, and maintenance. Environmental protection measures were also implemented for safe drilling operations.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nan Zhang, Pavel Talalay, Jingbiao Liu, Xiaopeng Fan, Qingpeng Kong, Haibin Yu, Yunchen Liu, Benkun Liu, Da Gong, Xingchen Li, Wei Wu, Jialin Hong, Mikhail Sysoev
Summary: The efficiency and safety of a drilling project heavily rely on the reliability of the electrical and electronic control system, which consists of surface, borehole, and software subsystems working together to ensure smooth operation.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Hideaki Motoyama, Akiyoshi Takahashi, Yoichi Tanaka, Kunio Shinbori, Morihiro Miyahara, Takayasu Yoshimoto, Yoshiyuki Fujii, Atsushi Furusaki, Nobuhiko Azuma, Yukio Ozawa, Akio Kobayashi, Yasushi Yoshise
Summary: The Japanese second deep ice coring project at Dome Fuji, Antarctica reached a depth of 3035.22 m with improved drilling system. The new drill design aimed to increase efficiency and successfully increased the maximum core length that can be drilled at one time to 3.84 m.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Joseph M. Souney, Mark S. Twickler, Murat Aydin, Eric J. Steig, T. J. Fudge, Leah V. Street, Melinda R. Nicewonger, Emma C. Kahle, Jay A. Johnson, Tanner W. Kuhl, Kimberly A. Casey, John M. Fegyveresi, Richard M. Nunn, Geoffrey M. Hargreaves
Summary: The South Pole ice core, drilled using the US Intermediate Depth Drill, is the highest-resolution interior East Antarctic ice core that extends into the glacial period and shows minimal brittle ice.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tomotaka Saruya, Shuji Fujita, Ryo Inoue
Summary: Polycrystalline ice shows macroscopic anisotropy in relative permittivity, depending on the crystal orientation fabric (COF). Using a new system, the dielectric anisotropy (Delta e) of an ice core sample was investigated. The results showed that Delta e values increased in the vertical direction with depth, and were significantly lower in the horizontal plane. The directions of the principal axes of Delta e in the horizontal plane corresponded to the preferred orientations of the c-axes.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Julien Westhoff, Nicolas Stoll, Steven Franke, Ilka Weikusat, Paul Bons, Johanna Kerch, Daniela Jansen, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen
Summary: This study introduces a method to reconstruct ice core orientation using visual stratigraphy and borehole geometry, with the EastGRIP ice core as a case study. The method shows good applicability in most samples, aiding in interpreting the physical properties of ice cores and understanding ice flow.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nan Zhang, Hui Liu, Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, Na Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Bing Li, Da Gong, Jialin Hong, Ting Wang, An Liu, Yazhou Li, Yunchen Liu, Rusheng Wang, Yang Yang, Liang Wang
Summary: The newly developed synthetic armored cables are designed to be used with the RECoverable Autonomous Sonde (RECAS) in extreme environments, with mechanical and electrical properties suitable for the application.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Mackenzie M. Grieman, Helene M. Hoffmann, Jack D. Humby, Robert Mulvaney, Christoph Nehrbass-Ahles, Julius Rix, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Rebecca Tuckwell, Eric W. Wolff
Summary: Dissolved and particulate sodium, magnesium and calcium in ice cores are analyzed to study changes in sea ice extent, terrestrial dust variability, and atmospheric aerosol transport efficiency. Multiple methods are compared for their analysis, and the most suitable methods are identified for each compound.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pavel G. Talalay
Summary: 98% of Antarctica is covered by an ice sheet with an average thickness of 2126 meters, and the maximum thickness is 4897 meters. Scientific deep-drilling expeditions in Antarctica are being conducted for various purposes including studying paleoclimate, searching for life in deep ice, estimating geothermal heat flux, and observing subglacial environments. Specialized drilling equipment and technology have been developed to overcome the challenges of extreme environments.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Tom Holt, Neil F. Glasser
Summary: Satellite images from 1999/2000 to 2019/20 show that ice shelves in the southwest Antarctic Peninsula, including Bach, Stange, and George VI, have decreased in area and thickness. While flow speeds remained stable, significant acceleration was observed at Bach Ice Shelf and the northern and southern extents of George VI Ice Shelf. Open fractures widened and lengthened on all three ice shelves. Stange Ice Shelf is stable, but continued ice-mass loss and acceleration of George VI South may lead to further fracturing and destabilization. The glaciological changes in Bach Ice Shelf and George VI North are of immediate concern, as stabilizing ice has been or will soon be removed.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
O. Alemany, P. Talalay, P. Boissonneau, J. Chappellaz, J. F. Chemin, R. Duphil, E. Lefebvre, L. Piard, P. Possenti, J. Triest
Summary: The SUBGLACIOR project aims to advance ice core research by developing an in situ probe embedded with a laser spectrometer to evaluate the suitability of target sites for recovering ancient ice. The probe is designed to descend autonomously into the ice, measuring depth profiles of water isotopes and gas concentrations in real time.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
John W. Goodge, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Jay Johnson, Delia Tosi, Ryan Bay
Summary: Rapid Access Ice Drill is a new drilling technology that has demonstrated its effectiveness in quickly penetrating thick ice and obtaining rock core samples through successful field trials, showing its potential for rapid ice core retrieval and subglacial bedrock sampling.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Meghana Ranganathan, Brent Minchew, Colin R. Meyer, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson
Summary: The study finds that using adjoint-based inverse methods can provide more accurate inferences of basal drag and ice rheology of Antarctic glaciers, with regularization informed by strain rates.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Pavel Talalay, Xingchen Li, Nan Zhang, Xiaopeng Fan, Youhong Sun, Pinlu Cao, Rusheng Wang, Yang Yang, Yongwen Liu, Yunchen Liu, Wei Wu, Cheng Yang, Jialin Hong, Da Gong, Han Zhang, Xiao Li, Yunwang Chen, An Liu, Yazhou Li
Summary: A modified version of the IBED drill was designed for drilling in various geological conditions, successfully tested indoors and outdoors before field testing in East Antarctica, where a 6cm bedrock core was recovered from a 198m deep borehole, providing valuable information on Earth's paleo-environment.
ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Christopher Chambers, Ralf Greve, Takashi Obase, Fuyuki Saito, Ayako Abe-Ouchi
Summary: Ice-sheet simulations of Antarctica extending to the year 3000 are analyzed to investigate the long-term impacts of 21st-century warming. The results show that unabated warming will lead to severe ice loss in West Antarctica, while reduced emissions can mitigate the loss. Furthermore, the study suggests that bedrock rebound can slow down the rate of ice loss.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria-Vittoria Guarino, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, Irene Malmierca-Vallet, Erica Rosenblum, Mark Ringer, Jeff Ridley, Danny Feltham, Cecilia Bitz, Eric J. Steig, Eric Wolff, Julienne Stroeve, Alistair Sellar
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. P. Erb, J. Emile-Geay, G. J. Hakim, N. Steiger, E. J. Steig
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jason P. Briner, Joshua K. Cuzzone, Jessica A. Badgeley, Nicolas E. Young, Eric J. Steig, Mathieu Morlighem, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Gregory J. Hakim, Joerg M. Schaefer, Jesse V. Johnson, Alia J. Lesnek, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Estelle Allan, Ole Bennike, Allison A. Cluett, Beata Csatho, Anne de Vernal, Jacob Downs, Eric Larour, Sophie Nowicki
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jihong Cole-Dai, David G. Ferris, Joshua A. Kennedy, Michael Sigl, Joseph R. McConnell, T. J. Fudge, Lei Geng, Olivia J. Maselli, Kendrick C. Taylor, Joseph M. Souney
Summary: This study reconstructs a comprehensive record of explosive volcanic eruptions over the past 11,000 years, showing no apparent trend in eruption frequency and slightly higher number of eruptions in the most recent millennium. The atmospheric aerosol mass loading of climate-impacting sulfur is dominantly influenced by explosive eruptions with extraordinarily high sulfur mass loading.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christo Buizert, T. J. Fudge, William H. G. Roberts, Eric J. Steig, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Catherine Ritz, Eric Lefebvre, Jon Edwards, Kenji Kawamura, Ikumi Oyabu, Hideaki Motoyama, Emma C. Kahle, Tyler R. Jones, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Takashi Obase, Carlos Martin, Hugh Corr, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Ross Beaudette, Jenna A. Epifanio, Edward J. Brook, Kaden Martin, Jerome Chappellaz, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Todd A. Sowers, Richard B. Alley, Jinho Ahn, Michael Sigl, Mirko Severi, Nelia W. Dunbar, Anders Svensson, John M. Fegyveresi, Chengfei He, Zhengyu Liu, Jiang Zhu, Bette L. Otto-Bliesner, Vladimir Y. Lipenkov, Masa Kageyama, Jakob Schwander
Summary: Water-stable isotopes in polar ice cores are widely used as a temperature proxy in paleoclimate reconstruction, but calibration remains challenging in East Antarctica. This study reconstructed the surface cooling during the Last Glacial Maximum in Antarctica using borehole thermometry and firn properties, finding that West Antarctic sites cooled by about 10 degrees C relative to the preindustrial period, while East Antarctic sites showed a cooling range from about 4 degrees to 7 degrees C.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Emma C. Kahle, Eric J. Steig, Tyler R. Jones, T. J. Fudge, Michelle R. Koutnik, Valerie A. Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, Andrew J. Schauer, C. Max Stevens, Howard Conway, Edwin D. Waddington, Christo Buizert, Jenna Epifanio, James W. C. White
Summary: Data from the South Pole ice core (SPC14) is utilized to analyze climate conditions and ice thinning over the last 54,000 years. By using empirical constraints and statistical inverse approaches, reconstructions of temperature, accumulation rate, and ice thinning at the South Pole site are obtained. The results provide an independent calibration of the traditional water-isotope/temperature relationship, showing a glacial-interglacial temperature change of 6.7 ± 1.0 degrees C.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin H. Hills, Knut Christianson, Andrew O. Hoffman, T. J. Fudge, Nicholas Holschuh, Emma C. Kahle, Howard Conway, John E. Christian, Annika N. Horlings, Gemma K. O'Connor, Eric J. Steig
Summary: Geophysical exploration of a subglacial lake near the South Pole suggests that it has been thermodynamically stable for at least the last 120,000 years, making it a promising site for sediment coring.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
T. J. Fudge, Benjamin H. Hills, Annika N. Horlings, Nicholas Holschuh, John Erich Christian, Lindsey Davidge, Andrew Hoffman, Gemma K. O'Connor, Knut Christianson, Eric J. Steig
Summary: A geophysical survey has identified Hercules Dome in Antarctica as the most promising region for deep ice core sampling, due to undisturbed internal layering, climatic conditions, and the potential for proxy records from the Last Interglacial period.
JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler R. Jones, Kurt M. Cuffey, William H. G. Roberts, Bradley R. Markle, Eric J. Steig, C. Max Stevens, Paul J. Valdes, T. J. Fudge, Michael Sigl, Abigail G. Hughes, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, Joshua Garland, Bo M. Vinther, Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Chloe A. Brashear, James W. C. White
Summary: By analyzing water-isotope ratios in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core, researchers have revealed the changes in summer and winter temperatures over the past 11,000 years. The results show that summer temperature variations are primarily related to summer insolation, while winter temperatures are influenced by meridional heat transport. The study also provides evidence for the reduction in ice sheet surface area in West Antarctica, supporting geological constraints in the region.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dorothy K. Hall, John S. Kimball, Ron Larson, Nicolo E. DiGirolamo, Kimberly A. Casey, Glynn Hulley
Summary: Terminal lakes in the Great Basin of the western US are experiencing declining water levels due to diversion of inflows, drought, and climate change, which can have serious consequences for wildlife habitat and human well-being. Satellite-derived environmental science data records provide evidence of rising temperatures, reduced snow cover, and varying evapotranspiration rates in the region. The implications of continued lake decline are expected to be severe and costly in terms of ecology, human health, and economics.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Duncan A. Young, Robert Mulvaney, Catherine Ritz, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Gregory Ng, Scott D. Kempf, Enrica Quartini, Gail R. Muldoon, John Paden, Massimo Frezzotti, Jason L. Roberts, Carly R. Tozer, Dustin M. Schroeder, Donald D. Blankenship
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive ice-penetrating radar data set covering the Dome C area of the East Antarctic plateau, including 26 internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) collected over 10 years. By correlating with the EPICA-DC ice core, 19 IRHs spanning four glacial cycles were dated, along with indirect dating of seven older IRHs using a 1D ice flow inverse model. Depth and age uncertainties for all IRHs were quantified and provided as part of the data set.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Lucas H. Beem, Duncan A. Young, Jamin S. Greenbaum, Donald D. Blankenship, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Jingxue Guo, Sun Bo
Summary: New aerogeophysical observations of Titan Dome in East Antarctica characterized the region and evaluated its suitability as a paleoclimate ice core site. However, due to past fast flow dynamics, basal ice likely being too young, and coarse temporal resolution, Titan Dome is not expected to be relevant to the study of the middle Pleistocene transition.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hugues Goosse, Quentin Dalaiden, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Liping Zhang
Summary: This study focuses on the reconstruction of large open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean and demonstrates the characteristics of polynya activity based on various record data. The results show that these large polynyas are rare events and may have an impact on the Antarctic climate.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Marie G. P. Cavitte, Naomi Henderson
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Geography, Physical
Marie G. P. Cavitte, Quentin Dalaiden, Hugues Goosse, Jan T. M. Lenaerts, Elizabeth R. Thomas