Article
Biodiversity Conservation
H. Carolyn Peach Brown
Summary: While agriculture contributes to global biodiversity loss, it also provides important habitat for many species. The Canadian Species at Risk Act falls short in protecting species and their habitats on private lands. Research on young farmers in Prince Edward Island shows their positive attitudes towards protecting species at risk and a willingness to change land management strategies, while also calling for more education and financial compensation from the provincial government.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Catherine DeMone, J. Trenton McClure, Spencer J. Greenwood, Rebecca Fung, Mei-Hua Hwang, Zeny Feng, Karen Shapiro
Summary: Food and waterborne protozoan pathogens, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia enterica and Toxoplasma gondii, are a global public health concern. A novel 18S amplicon-based next-generation sequencing assay was used to simultaneously detect protozoan pathogens in wild oysters from Prince Edward Island (PEI), with detection in 28% of oysters tested. Protozoan contamination was not associated with harvesting site classifications, indicating fecal indicators may not be sufficient for ensuring food safety.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Toyin Adekanmbi, Xiuquan Wang, Sana Basheer, Rana Ali Nawaz, Tianze Pang, Yulin Hu, Suqi Liu
Summary: Crop yields are adversely affected by climate change, making it crucial to develop climate adaptation strategies for the agriculture system to ensure food security. This study used a potato model to simulate future potato yields in PEI under different climate scenarios and found significant declines in potato yield. Effective climate adaptation measures need to be developed to ensure the long-term sustainability of potato production in PEI.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Elinor Haldane, Lauren MacDonald, Nolan Kressin, Zoe Furlotte, Pelin Kinay, Ryan Guild, Xander Wang
Summary: Tourism worldwide is affected by climate change, with Prince Edward Island in Canada being highly vulnerable to climate extremes. Limited research and outdated information on island tourism and sustainable tourism exist. This study provides evidence of climate impacts and vulnerabilities in PEI's tourism industry and proposes adaptation strategies for climate resilience.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tarron Lamont, Tesha Toolsee
Summary: The Island Mass Effect (IME) at the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) in the Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in sustaining a diverse ecosystem. The IME shows significant seasonal and spatial variations, influenced by light levels, water temperature, and water column stability. The region northeast of the islands is potentially important for ecosystem functioning.
Article
Geography, Physical
Elizabeth George, Brianna Lunardi, Alex Smith, Jacob Lehner, Phillipe Wernette, Chris Houser
Summary: Coastal barriers are facing increasing pressure due to climate change, resulting in sea level rise and more frequent storms. This study highlights the importance of understanding the recovery of beach-dune systems post-storm events for coastal management. Following Hurricane Dorian, the impact and short-term recovery of a foredune system at Brackley Beach emphasized storm erosion and sediment movement within the beach-dune system.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Donald E. Jardine, Xiuquan Wang, Adam L. Fenech
Summary: Prince Edward Island in Canada has been affected by rising sea levels and intense storms in recent years, with Post Tropical Storm Dorian causing extensive coastal floods in many areas. The measurement of highwater marks revealed that Dorian reached elevations exceeding 3.4m in some locations, posing threats to local infrastructure and natural features such as sand dunes. Better planning and enhanced storm forecasting could help reduce the impacts of future storms and improve public understanding and preparedness.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Landon M. C. Warder, Enrique Doster, Jennifer K. Parker, Paul S. Morley, J. T. McClure, Luke C. Heider, Javier Sanchez
Summary: This study used 16S rRNA sequencing and bait-capture enrichment to characterize the microbiota and resistome of bulk tank milk (BTM) on 12 dairy farms in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The results showed the presence of multiple phyla across BTM samples, with no significant differences between the cream and pellet fractions.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cindy Hudec, Amy Novinscak, Martin Filion
Summary: This study characterized the genetic and phenotypic diversity of pathogenic Streptomyces spp. causing Common scab (CS) in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis revealed 14 distinct genetic groups, with varying levels of virulence. The most virulent genetic groups seemed to dominate the pathogenic Streptomyces spp. populations in each field, highlighting the importance of understanding population dynamics for managing this potato disease efficiently.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gavin K. Manson
Summary: This study examines the impact of changing sea ice on nearshore sediment transport in the central north shore of Prince Edward Island, Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. The findings suggest that as sea ice concentration decreases, sediment transport increases. A significant threshold of 30% sea ice concentration is identified for planning coastal erosion and designing adaptation strategies.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahmad Zeeshan Bhatti, Aitazaz Ahsan Farooque, Nicholas Krouglicof, Wayne Peters, Qing Li, Bishnu Acharya
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of climate change on temperatures, precipitations, streamflows, and recharges in different regions of Prince Edward Island. The results show that average annual temperatures are projected to significantly rise in the next few decades, with a potential increase in precipitation in western PEI offsetting further warming impacts. Streamflows and recharges are expected to be affected differently across the regions, with some areas experiencing a decrease. The uncertainty of precipitation between dry and wet years remains a major challenge for water management.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Megan Ross, Kathryn Proudfoot, Katrina Merkies, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Molly Mills, Kathleen Macmillan, Shawn Mckenna, Caroline Ritter
Summary: This research investigated horse owner attitudes and experiences related to horse welfare, finding that horse owners believe that outdoor and group housing is better for horse welfare, but there is disagreement on whether the standard of care for horses in those housing types is better than indoor and individual housing. Owner attitudes correspond with their housing decisions and consider various horse welfare aspects.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tesha Toolsee, Tarron Lamont
Summary: The sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) in the Southern Ocean have significant ecological importance due to their large populations of marine mammals and seabirds. This study examined the interannual variability and longer-term trends of Sea Surface Temperature (SST), wind forcing, and surface circulation at the PEIs. The results showed weak and statistically insignificant long-term trends, with stronger variability observed at seasonal and shorter time scales. The Antarctic Circumpolar Wave was found to be a significant factor in interannual and decadal-scale variability, while the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillation was weak. The PEIs experience substantial local and regional atmospheric and oceanic variability, which masks longer-term variations observed elsewhere in the Southern Ocean.
Article
Water Resources
Igor Pavlovskii, Yefang Jiang, Serban Danielescu, Barret L. Kurylyk
Summary: The present study investigates the impact of precipitation event magnitude on baseflow and associated groundwater-driven nitrate export in Prince Edward Island, Canada. It reveals a non-linear relationship between precipitation event magnitude and baseflow change, which is also observed for precipitation events associated with hurricanes and post tropical storms. The results show that baseflow increases after heavy precipitation events have limited impact on streamflow concentrations but result in substantial and sustained increase of nitrate export.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Serban Danielescu, Kerry T. B. MacQuarrie, Bernie Zebarth, Judith Nyiraneza, Mark Grimmett, Mona Levesque
Summary: The global increase in potato production is expected to result in higher irrigation needs, raising concerns about the sustainability of groundwater sources. This study estimated the crop water requirements and irrigation needs for potato production in Prince Edward Island, Canada, and evaluated their impact on aquifer storage. Depending on the efficiency and extent of the irrigation system, the irrigation water supply requirement can approach or exceed the groundwater recharge.
Article
Ecology
Karla Salgado, M. Luisa Martinez, L. Lucero Alvarez-Molina, Patrick Hesp, Miguel Equihua, Ismael Marino
Summary: This study examined the trends and impacts of urbanization along the coast of Veracruz in Mexico for over 20 years, revealing negative effects on plant species richness and functional groups, as well as alterations in plant diversity and community structure due to landscape changes. Urban expansion was found to decrease plant species richness and modify the proportion of plant functional types, leading to shifts in community structure. The results provide valuable insights for adaptive management strategies and the development of sustainable beach management plans, emphasizing the importance of conserving native and specialized species in coastal ecosystems.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. P. Bourman, C. Murray-Wallace, C. Wilson, L. Mosley, J. Tibby, D. D. Ryan, E. D. De Carli, A. Tulley, A. P. Belperio, D. Haynes, A. Roberts, C. Westell, E. J. Barnett, S. Dillenburg, L. B. Beheregaray, P. A. Hesp
Summary: Based on various sedimentary evidence, we have demonstrated that the Lower River Murray has been a freshwater-dominated system for the past 11.7 thousand years, contradicting recent hydrodynamic modeling conclusions. These conclusions have influenced proposals for removing the barrages near the Murray Mouth, while we argue that maintaining these barrages aligns with the "original natural condition" of the lakes.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Levi Garcia-Romero, Carolina Pena-Alonso, Patrick A. Hesp, Antonio Hernandez-Cordero, Luis Hernandez-Calvento
Summary: This study examined the spatial distribution and environmental impacts of cruising activities in a protected coastal dune system. The results showed that the location of sex spots is related to authorized paths, dense vegetation, and aeolian landforms. Larger sex spots tend to have more users and could impact the landscape and vegetation. The activities in these spots directly affect the aeolian landforms and several native plant species.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Geography, Physical
Patrick A. Hesp, Marcio DaSilva, Graziela Miot da Silva, David Bruce, Robert Keane
Summary: This study reviews and discusses multiple hypotheses regarding the initiation of transgressive aeolian sand sheets and dunefields. Direct evidence supporting these hypotheses is largely lacking. However, research in South Australia provides unequivocal evidence that large-scale shoreline and dunefield erosion does lead to the development of a new transgressive aeolian sand sheet. The initiation process occurs at an incredibly rapid rate and may have implications for future sea level rise and climate change.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Samuel G. Davidson, Patrick A. Hesp, Marcio DaSilva, Graziela Miot Da Silva
Summary: This study investigates the flow dynamics over a steep dune at Salmon Hole, located near Beachport in southeast South Australia. The varying slopes of the scarp have a significant impact on the flow dynamics over the dune. Additionally, topographic steering, flow separation, and the formation of a reversing vortex were observed at Salmon Hole. The study also highlights the importance of sediment supply for dune recovery and translation.
Article
Geography, Physical
Rodolfo Jose Angulo, Maria Cristina de Souza, Paulo Fonseca Cesar Giannini, Sergio Rebello Dillenburg, Eduardo G. Barboza, Maria Luiza Correa da Camara Rosa, Patrick A. Hesp, Luiz Carlos Ruiz Pessenda
Summary: The height difference between paleo-vermetids and present homologous bioconstructions is the best indicator of Mid- to Late-Holocene paleo-sea levels on the Brazilian coast. The precision of this indicator varies depending on local conditions, and the use of other bioconstructions can add uncertainties to sea-level reconstructions. By studying a specific location on the Southeast Brazilian coast, the authors were able to improve the accuracy of paleo-sea level reconstructions by using a specific species as a reference level.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abel Sanromualdo-Collado, Juan Bautista Gallego-Fernandez, Patrick A. Hesp, Maria Luisa Martinez, Nicholas O'Keeffe, Nicolas Ferrer-Valero, Luis Hernandez-Calvento
Summary: This study explored the variables affecting arid foredunes by measuring morphological, sedimentological, and vegetation characteristics on a single nebkha formed by a Traganum moquinii plant. The results revealed close relationships between distance from the sea, plant coverage, and sediment patterns, and a conceptual model was proposed to explain the spatial distribution of bio- and geo-morphological characteristics of the arid nebkha foredune.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicolas Robin, Julie Billy, Alexandre Nicolae Lerma, Bruno Castelle, Patrick A. Hesp, David Rosebery, Corentin Fauny, Jacques Deparis, Vincent Marieu, Cedric Bouchet, Graziela Miot da Silva
Summary: Since the mid-20th century, most coastal dunes in Europe have been stabilized by vegetation cover. However, some systems experience a remobilization phase, propagating alongshore with poorly documented drivers. This study investigates the evolutionary paths of a coastal dunefield in southwest France from 1945 to 2020, revealing landward migration, windward slope deflation, and the role of human action and shoal welding in destabilization and erosion.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. P. Bourman, C. V. Murray-Wallace, C. Wilson, L. Mosley, J. Tibby, D. D. Ryan, E. D. De Carli, A. Tulley, A. P. Belperio, D. Haynes, A. Roberts, C. Westell, E. J. Barnett, S. Dillenburg, L. B. Beheregaray, P. A. Hesp
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Marcio D. DaSilva, David Bruce, Patrick A. Hesp, Graziela Miot da Silva, Joram Downes
Summary: This study investigates the post-fire responses of coastal dune sites on Kangaroo Island using UAV surveys and satellite imagery. The results show that there is no significant landscape instability and the vegetation ground cover is recovering to pre-fire levels, indicating that the severe fire did not lead to the development of a transgressive dunefield.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
A. Carolina Benjumea Lopez, Patrick A. Hesp
Summary: This study examines the evolution of a coastal sand sea or erg from transverse dunes to parabolic dunes over a period of <70 years. The study analyzes changes in vegetation cover and morphological features, and investigates the possible drivers of change, with rabbit numbers showing the strongest correlation with vegetation change. The study provides detailed insights into the transformation process, including vegetation colonization and the formation of various aeolian landform units.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joanna Rotnicka, Maciej Dluzewski, Patrick A. Hesp, Joanna O. Tomczak
Summary: This study investigates wind flow and sand transport over a foredune dominated by Ammophila grass with different densities on the Leba barrier in Poland. High resolution data is provided on saltation and suspended sand transport under both canopy and skimming flow conditions. The study reveals that the sand concentration decreases with height and reaches a minimum at different elevations depending on Ammophila grass density. The results also show that the maximum sand transport increases with vegetation density and more sand is transported at higher elevations above the canopy surface than above a bare sand surface in skimming flow.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Patrick A. Hesp
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Maciej Dluzewski, Joanna Rotnicka, Patrick A. Hesp, Joanna O. Tomczak
Summary: This study analyzes wind flow and sediment transport in a sand dune in Morocco, and finds that the topography of the dune has a significant influence on the flow. The sand transport rate on the upper slope of the climbing dune is four times higher than on the beach. In addition, the grain size of the sand in aeolian transport increases up the slope.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Wenjie Liu, Huade Guan, Patrick A. Hesp, Okke Batelaan
Summary: Understanding wildfire extent and post-fire vegetation recovery is crucial for fire and forest management. This study evaluates the performance of the LandTrendr algorithm in wildfire detection in a semi-arid climate region and compares different spectral indices for burned area detection and post-fire recovery. The results show that NDVI performs better than other indices in detecting burned areas in drier regions.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
