Article
Geography, Physical
Marion A. McKenzie, Lauren M. Simkins, Sarah M. Principato, Santiago Munevar Garcia
Summary: Streamlined subglacial bedforms in deglaciated landscapes provide insights into glacier dynamics across larger spatial and temporal scales. This study uses a large dataset to examine the importance of subglacial terrain on bedform morphology and ice-flow behavior. The results indicate that the characteristics of the subglacial terrain have an influence on the morphology and velocity of ice flow.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Anders E. Carlson, Brian L. Beard, Robert G. Hatfield, Matthew Laffin
Summary: Through sediment geochemistry analysis in the Bellingshausen Sea, this study infers the presence or absence of ice sheets on West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula during the Last Interglacial. The evidence suggests that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet may have been absent during the Last Interglacial, consistent with previous ice core constraints.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Mark I. Stevens, Andrew N. Mackintosh
Summary: The origin of terrestrial biota in Antarctica has been a subject of debate for over 120 years. Previous hypotheses failed to explain the survival of life on the continent during glacial periods. In this study, we provide support for the nunatak refuge hypothesis, which suggests that ice-free land above the ice sheet served as refuges for terrestrial biota. Our interdisciplinary approach combines biological and geological evidence to outline the mechanisms of these refuges and their role in shaping Antarctic landscapes and biota through changing climates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joao G. Ilha, Jefferson C. Simoes, Manoela B. P. Portella, Ronaldo T. Bernardo, Isaias U. Thoen, Gino Casassa
Summary: This article compares isotopic, ionic and climatic data from two firn cores from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). The study finds chemical differences between the two ice cores, including stable isotope data and ion concentrations.
ANAIS DA ACADEMIA BRASILEIRA DE CIENCIAS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Wetterich, H. Meyer, M. Fritz, G. Mollenhauer, J. Rethemeyer, A. Kizyakov, L. Schirrmeister, T. Opel
Summary: Stable isotopes of wedge ice can help reconstruct past winter climate conditions. Records from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island show that the LGM and MIS 3 had colder winter climates, while the moisture sources were similar during MIS 2.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Oceanography
Daniel N. Goldberg, Andrew G. Twelves, Paul R. Holland, Martin G. Wearing
Summary: Little is known about Antarctic subglacial hydrology, but it is believed that subglacial runoff enhances submarine melt locally through buoyancy effects. This study examines the effects of runoff on sea ice and oceanography on the Continental Shelf, and finds that runoff enhances localized melt and reduces summer sea ice volume. Runoff-driven melt and circulation may be an important missing process in regional Antarctic ocean models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Paul Vallelonga, Jefferson S. de Gois, Daniel L. G. Borges, Marta Costas-Rodriguez, Vasileios Gkinis, Delphine Lannuzel, Andrea Spolaor, Frank Vanhaecke
Summary: This study investigated the isotopic partitioning of Br and Cl in Southern Ocean sea ice for the first time. While the concentrations of bromine and chlorine showed a positive correlation, the isotopic compositions exhibited less consistent relation and significant variability within individual ice cores. Various factors such as ice texture, age, salt content, and algal biomass content may influence isotopic fractionation processes in sea ice.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Aleksandr Montelli, Marina Solovyeva, Grigorii Akhmanov, Adriano Mazzini, Anna Piatilova, Elena Bakay, Julian A. Dowdeswell
Summary: New geophysical data from eastern Storbanken in the central Barents Sea reveals the flow of a marine-based ice dome during the final stages of ice-sheet decay. Previous models suggesting a northward-migrating ice dome or crest extending from Svalbard to Franz-Josef Land are contradicted by our findings. The results provide valuable insights into the late-stage decay of marine ice domes and can be used to improve numerical models simulating the behavior of marine-based ice sheets in a warming environment.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Anna Clinger, Matthew Fox, Greg Balco, Kurt Cuffey, David Shuster
Summary: This study reports 534 detrital apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometric ages collected along a > 400 km latitudinal transect along the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), and evaluates the relative roles of climate change and tectonics on the timing of km-scale fjord incision. The results show that tectonically-initiated rock uplift accelerated rates of erosion during long glacial conditions at the AP.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
M. Yousefi, J. Wan, L. Pan, N. Gomez, K. Latychev, J. X. Mitrovica, D. Pollard, R. M. DeConto
Summary: Seismic tomography models reveal highly variable Earth structure beneath Antarctica, particularly anomalously low shallow mantle viscosities below West Antarctica. A high-resolution 3-D viscoelastic structure model is built based on seismic velocity heterogeneity inferences, and is combined with a global-scale sea-level model to investigate the influence of solid Earth deformation in Antarctica on future global mean sea-level rise.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam D. Sproson, Yusuke Yokoyama, Yosuke Miyairi, Takahiro Aze, Rebecca L. Totten
Summary: The ice loss in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica is accelerating rapidly. This study reveals that this region also experienced thinning and retreat from 9 to 6 thousand years ago, which was caused by atmospheric connections with a warming tropical Pacific. Understanding the processes responsible for ice mass loss is crucial for predicting sea-level rise.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
A. R. A. Aitken, L. Li, B. Kulessa, D. Schroeder, T. A. Jordan, J. M. Whittaker, S. Anandakrishnan, E. J. Dawson, D. A. Wiens, O. Eisen, M. J. Siegert
Summary: Understanding Antarctica's sedimentary basins is crucial for studying the evolution of tectonics, ice, ocean, and climate. However, limited knowledge is due to the remote location, harsh environment, and the challenges posed by ice and sea ice. Recent progress in data collection and interpretation techniques has allowed for mapping and characterization of these basins, which play a crucial role in ice-sheet dynamics and future change.
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael E. Weber, Ian Bailey, Sidney R. Hemming, Yasmina M. Martos, Brendan T. Reilly, Thomas A. Ronge, Stefanie Brachfeld, Trevor Williams, Maureen Raymo, Simon T. Belt, Lukas Smik, Hendrik Vogel, Victoria L. Peck, Linda Armbrecht, Alix Cage, Fabricio G. Cardillo, Zhiheng Du, Gerson Fauth, Christopher J. Fogwill, Marga Garcia, Marlo Garnsworthy, Anna Glueder, Michelle Guitard, Marcus Gutjahr, Ivan Hernandez-Almeida, Frida S. Hoem, Ji-Hwan Hwang, Mutsumi Iizuka, Yuji Kato, Bridget Kenlee, Suzanne OConnell, Lara F. Perez, Osamu Seki, Lee Stevens, Lisa Tauxe, Shubham Tripathi, Jonathan Warnock, Xufeng Zheng
Summary: The field of Southern Ocean paleoceanography is vital for understanding the development of iron fertilization and oceanic productivity during Pleistocene ice-ages and their impact on the carbon cycle. A high-resolution record of dust deposition and ocean productivity in the Antarctic Zone has revealed significant changes over the past 1.5 million years, with increased dust deposition during glacials and higher biogenic silica deposition during interglacials. The study also suggests more severe glaciations and changes in ocean productivity over the past 0.9 million years.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Imali Kaushalya Herath, Guitao Shi, Qian Zhao, Yilan Li, Danhe Wang, Su Jiang, Yangjie Li, Zhenlou Chen, Roberto Bargagli
Summary: This study analyzed the sources and cycling of nitrate (NO3-) in Antarctic soils. The research found that NO3- concentrations and isotopic values were consistent across the latitudinal gradient, with the majority of NO3- derived from nitrification process. Atmospheric deposition contributed minimally to the NO3- budget, and there was evidence of denitrification and cycling between NO3- and nitrite (NO2-). These findings provide new insights into the nitrogen cycle in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Kwangchul Jang, Youngkyu Ahn, Young Jin Joe, Carmen A. Braun, Young Ji Joo, Jung-Hyun Kim, Germain Bayon, Matthias Forwick, Christoph Vogt, Seung-Il Nam
Summary: The study of the glacimarine sediment core off northern Svalbard provides insights into the variability of sediment provenance and chemical weathering patterns since the last deglaciation, allowing for the identification of distinct paleoclimate events. The dataset indicates retreat and re-advance phases of the Svalbard-Barents Sea Ice Sheet, as well as prolonged supply of radiogenic detrital Nd isotopes, highlighting the utility of Nd isotopes as a proxy for reconstructing paleo-cryosphere changes.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Christopher Danek, Paul Gierz, Svetlana S. Kostrova, Philip Meister, Hanno Meyer, Martin Werner
Summary: The transient simulations of the global climate model COSMOS compared to diatom oxygen isotope records from Russian lakes show a warm bias likely due to missing radiative forcings. However, there is notable agreement between measured diatom oxygen isotope trends and modeled precipitation trends in locations where signs of temperature and precipitation trends align, suggesting a link to persistent atmospheric circulation patterns. Accelerating the application of transient forcings leads to a weaker or delayed model response, especially in the ocean.
JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew D. Shupe, Markus Rex, Byron Blomquist, P. Ola G. Persson, Julia Schmale, Taneil Uttal, Dietrich Althausen, Helene Angot, Stephen Archer, Ludovic Bariteau, Ivo Beck, John Bilberry, Silvia Bucci, Clifton Buck, Matt Boyer, Zoe Brasseur, Ian M. Brooks, Radiance Calmer, John Cassano, Vagner Castro, David Chu, David Costa, Christopher J. Cox, Jessie Creamean, Susanne Crewell, Sandro Dahlke, Ellen Damm, Gijs de Boer, Holger Deckelmann, Klaus Dethloff, Marina Duetsch, Kerstin Ebell, Andre Ehrlich, Jody Ellis, Ronny Engelmann, Allison A. Fong, Markus M. Frey, Michael R. Gallagher, Laurens Ganzeveld, Rolf Gradinger, Juergen Graeser, Vernon Greenamyer, Hannes Griesche, Steele Griffiths, Jonathan Hamilton, Guenther Heinemann, Detlev Helmig, Andreas Herber, Celine Heuze, Julian Hofer, Todd Houchens, Dean Howard, Jun Inoue, Hans-Werner Jacobi, Ralf Jaiser, Tuija Jokinen, Olivier Jourdan, Gina Jozef, Wessley King, Amelie Kirchgaessner, Marcus Klingebiel, Misha Krassovski, Thomas Krumpen, Astrid Lampert, William Landing, Tiia Laurila, Dale Lawrence, Michael Lonardi, Brice Loose, Christof Luepkes, Maximilian Maahn, Andreas Macke, Wieslaw Maslowski, Christopher Marsay, Marion Maturilli, Mario Mech, Sara Morris, Manuel Moser, Marcel Nicolaus, Paul Ortega, Jackson Osborn, Falk Paetzold, Donald K. Perovich, Tuukka Petaja, Christian Pilz, Roberta Pirazzini, Kevin Posman, Heath Powers, Kerri A. Pratt, Andreas Preusser, Lauriane Quelever, Martin Radenz, Benjamin Rabe, Annette Rinke, Torsten Sachs, Alexander Schulz, Holger Siebert, Tercio Silva, Amy Solomon, Anja Sommerfeld, Gunnar Spreen, Mark Stephens, Andreas Stohl, Gunilla Svensson, Janek Uin, Juarez Viegas, Christiane Voigt, Peter von der Gathen, Birgit Wehner, Jeffrey M. Welker, Manfred Wendisch, Martin Werner, ZhouQing Xie, Fange Yue
Summary: With the Arctic rapidly changing, there is a crucial need to observe, understand, and model these changes. The MOSAiC expedition successfully documented and characterized various aspects of the Arctic atmospheric system through a comprehensive observational program. The observations revealed the significant influence of atmospheric variability and highlighted the higher temperatures and moisture near the sea ice edge during summer. The obtained data will support further research and modeling capabilities in the Arctic.
ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE
(2022)
Article
Geography, Physical
Yuchen Sun, Gregor Knorr, Xu Zhang, Lev Tarasov, Stephen Barker, Martin Werner, Gerrit Lohmann
Summary: The last deglaciation was characterized by a sequence of abrupt climate events that are believed to be linked to rapid changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Deglacial CO2 rise and ice sheet decline modulate the sensitivity of AMOC to meltwater fluxes.
GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Svetlana Botsyun, Todd A. Ehlers, Alexander Koptev, Madelaine Boehme, Katharina Methner, Camille Risi, Christian Stepanek, Sebastian G. Mutz, Martin Werner, Daniel Boateng, Andreas Mulch
Summary: The Middle Miocene in Europe experienced significant changes in climate, environment, and vegetation. However, detailed reconstructions of temperature and precipitation patterns during this period are lacking. In this study, a high-resolution isotope-enabled general circulation model was used to investigate these changes. The modeling results are consistent with available temperature data, but show lower precipitation rates compared to pre-industrial times for central Europe. The changes in precipitation are attributed to shifts in pressure patterns and associated changes in wind direction and humidity. Additionally, the study found that changes in precipitation isotopes were larger in high elevation regions, while topography played a smaller role.
PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
S. Kratschmer, A. Cauquoin, G. Lohmann, M. Werner
Summary: Simulating the Last Glacial Maximum provides a rigorous test of climate models' ability. Comparing simulated land surface temperatures with reconstructed data, inconsistencies between the two suggest potential biases in proxy reconstructions and/or climate models' sensitivity.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaoxu Shi, Martin Werner, Qiang Wang, Hu Yang, Gerrit Lohmann
Summary: Numerical simulations provide a comprehensive understanding of climate change mechanisms. Simulations of the mid-Holocene (MH) and the last interglacial (LIG) using two versions of the AWI-ESM Earth system model reveal consistent climate changes compared to the preindustrial era. These include enhanced seasonality in surface temperature, northward shift of the intertropical convergence zone and tropical rain belt, reduction in Arctic sea ice concentration, weakening and northward displacement of the Northern Hemisphere Hadley circulation, westward shift of the Indo-Pacific Walker circulation, and expansion and intensification of Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon rainfall. However, the simulated responses of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) differ between the two models for both LIG and MH.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jan Nitzbon, Gerhard Krinner, Thomas Schneider von Deimling, Martin Werner, Moritz Langer
Summary: Due to an imbalance in radiation, excess heat has accumulated in the Earth's climate system, resulting in global warming and climatic changes. This study examines the amount of this excess heat that is used to melt ground ice in permafrost. It finds that between 1980 and 2018, approximately 3.9 +/- 1.4-1.6 ZJ of heat, of which 1.7 +/- 1.3-1.4 ZJ (44%) was used to melt ground ice, was absorbed by permafrost. This highlights the importance of considering permafrost as a significant heat sink when assessing Earth's energy imbalance.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jingyi Zhang, Wusheng Yu, Stephen Lewis, Lonnie G. G. Thompson, Gabriel J. J. Bowen, Kei Yoshimura, Alexandre Cauquoin, Martin Werner, Supriyo Chakraborty, Zhaowei Jing, Yaoming Ma, Xiaoyu Guo, Baiqing Xu, Guangjian Wu, Rong Guo, Dongmei Qu
Summary: Stable hydrogen isotopes in monsoonal precipitation (delta D-p) at three sites (Port Blair, Barisal and Darjeeling) reveal factors governing delta D-p variations over a south-north gradient across the Bay of Bengal. The decreasing trends of downstream delta D-p closely follow the decreasing trends of upstream stable hydrogen isotopes in water vapor (delta D-v), indicating the shaping effect of upstream delta D-v properties on initial spatiotemporal patterns of downstream delta D-p. Additionally, upstream vertical air motions and topographic relief magnify the amplitude of the decreasing trends of downstream delta D-p, demonstrating the magnifying effect.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Laura J. Dietrich, Hans Christian Steen-Larsen, Sonja Wahl, Tyler R. Jones, Michael S. Town, Martin Werner
Summary: Surface processes during post-deposition alter the climate signal in ice core records, and it is important to consider these processes when interpreting past climate information. This study combines climate models and a snowpack model to simulate the climate signal in a snow core on the Greenland Ice Sheet. The results show that surface vapor exchange has a significant impact on the climate signal in the snow core and should be taken into account in ice core interpretation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexandre Cauquoin, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Takashi Obase, Wing-Le Chan, Andre Paul, Martin Werner
Summary: Stable water isotopes in polar ice cores are influenced by factors such as sea ice extent, sea surface temperature, and the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. These factors affect the temporal slopes of the isotope-temperature relationship in Greenland and Antarctica, with sea ice extent playing a major role in East Antarctica and sea surface temperature cooling affecting values inland. The transport of water vapor and changes in sea ice distribution also impact the temporal slopes.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Antoine Grisart, Mathieu Casado, Vasileios Gkinis, Bo Vinther, Philippe Naveau, Mathieu Vrac, Thomas Laepple, Benedicte Minster, Frederic Prie, Barbara Stenni, Elise Fourre, Hans-Christian Steen Larsen, Jean Jouzel, Martin Werner, Katy Pol, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Maria Hoerhold, Trevor Popp, Amaelle Landais
Summary: This study presents a continuous compilation of the EPICA Dome C ice core water isotopic record, covering the past 800,000 years. The research demonstrates that variability at the multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher during glacial periods compared to interglacial periods, and higher during early interglacial isotopic maxima compared to the Holocene. The analysis also shows that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at the beginning, the multi-centennial variability is strongest over this temperature optimum.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Janica C. Buehler, Josefine Axelsson, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Jens Fohlmeister, Allegra N. LeGrande, Madhavan Midhun, Jesper Sjolte, Martin Werner, Kei Yoshimura, Kira Rehfeld
Summary: This study compares simulated and measured water isotopes, and identifies climate drivers by evaluating the differences and commonalities between models. The results show significant regional differences between models and suggest a multi-model approach when comparing proxy and simulated data.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoxu Shi, Martin Werner, Carolin Krug, Chris M. Brierley, Anni Zhao, Endurance Igbinosa, Pascale Braconnot, Esther Brady, Jian Cao, Roberta D'Agostino, Johann Jungclaus, Xingxing Liu, Bette Otto-Bliesner, Dmitry Sidorenko, Robert Tomas, Evgeny M. Volodin, Hu Yang, Qiong Zhang, Weipeng Zheng, Gerrit Lohmann
Summary: The translation discusses the importance of numerical modeling in climate research and emphasizes the impact of calendar effects on the seasonal cycle of surface air temperature and precipitation. By analyzing multiple model simulations, the study highlights the need to consider the differences between the classical calendar and the angular calendar in order to reduce artificial biases.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Stephan Kraetschmer, Michelle van der Does, Frank Lamy, Gerrit Lohmann, Christoph Voelker, Martin Werner
Summary: Mineral dust aerosol has a significant impact on the Earth's climate system, both on short timescales due to its influences on the radiation budget, and on long timescales by affecting the global carbon cycle. The study utilizes advanced models to simulate the global mineral dust cycle under different climate conditions and finds that Australia contributes more to the mineral dust deposition in Antarctica during the last glacial maximum (LGM), mainly due to changes in precipitation patterns. The increase in particle radii during the LGM is attributed to increased sulfate condensation on particle surfaces, resulting in longer particle lifetimes. The transport of mineral dust to the South Pole occurs at different altitudes depending on the grain size of the dust particles, and the LGM shows generally lower transport heights compared to pre-industrial (PI) conditions due to reduced convection.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
