Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup, Svend Borup Jensen, Ole Lerberg Nielsen, Lars Jodal, Pia Afzelius
Summary: The development of new and better radioactive tracers for detecting osteomyelitis requires appropriate animal models, but current models are not ideal and need improvement. Three ethical aspects are crucial when conducting experiments on animals, including replacement, reduction, and refinement. The translational value of animal experiments is important to ensure the reliability of new osteomyelitis tracers.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Veronika Overmeyer, Manfred Trimborn, Joachim Clemens, Richard Hoelscher, Wolfgang Buescher
Summary: Livestock farming, particularly slurry management, is a major source of ammonia and methane emissions in Europe. Acidification of slurry in barns can significantly reduce these emissions. A study retrofitted acidification technology in an existing pig barn and found that ammonia and methane emissions were reduced by 39% and 67% respectively. The use of acidified slurry in the barn also resulted in lower concentrations of harmful gases, benefiting both the animals and the workers' health.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Leonardo V. S. Barbosa, Daniella J. De Moura, Fernando Estelles, Adrian Ramon-Moragues, Salvador Calvet, Arantxa Villagra
Summary: This study investigated the potential management options, such as ventilation, animal density, and growth rate, to mitigate the negative effects of ammonia exposure on broiler production parameters. The results showed that increasing ventilation effectively controlled ammonia concentration, and reducing stocking density improved the response to higher ammonia concentrations. The fast-growing breed showed no significant effects of ammonia exposure at different stocking densities, and the slow-growing breed had no difference in production performance despite a slower growth rate.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Przemyslaw Podulka
Summary: This article explores various methods to reduce the influence of high-frequency measurement and data analysis errors, including surface frequency and direction techniques. By studying different types of details and conducting measurements using stylus and non-contact techniques, the authors suggest combining frequency-based methods with direction techniques to effectively reduce high-frequency measurement errors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Melissa J. Hagan, Danielle R. Roubinov, Alana Cordeiro, Nadra Lisha, Nicole R. Bush
Summary: The study found that mothers' own adverse childhood experiences and current pandemic-related maternal trauma symptoms had negative consequences for children's adjustment during the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Christopher Malefors, Niina Sundin, Malou Tromp, Mattias Eriksson
Summary: This study tested four interventions (tasting spoons, awareness campaign, plate waste tracker and guest forecasting tool) designed to reduce food waste in Swedish school canteens. All interventions successfully reduced total food waste, with the awareness campaign reducing plate waste the most, and the forecasting and plate waste tracker interventions reducing serving waste the most.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Dong-Gun Lee, Yeong-Seok Seo
Summary: In software engineering, testing is an important research area in maintenance. This paper proposes a method that uses mutation testing to identify defects that are not discovered in a single round of testing. By applying multiple mutants simultaneously to define and record relationships between lines of code, the method examines these relationships and recommends potential defects from recorded candidates. The evaluation shows that the proposed method outperforms seven other fault localization methods.
MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Shan Yasin Mian, Jonathan Roy Honey, Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte, Damiano Giuseppe Barone
Summary: This study investigates key factors influencing the size of FBR, including animal size, BCI location, electrode morphology and coating, insertion mechanics, and pharmacological modification. Reduction in FBR in large models is important for further translation in humans, and future studies should assess whether this reduction correlates to an improvement in BCI functional effects.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nidal H. Abu-Hamdeh, Ahmad Shafee, Abdullah A. Azhari, Ahmad H. Milyani, Amira M. Hussin
Summary: This article used numerical modeling to investigate the period of solidification. The Galerkin technique and homogeneous model combined with assumption of negligible impact of liquid phase were employed for simulation. Loading nanoparticles was utilized to reduce the process time. Different concentrations of nano-powders were used in this study. The discharging period for m = 8.6 is 1.12 and 1.07 times superior to that of m = 4.8 when phi = 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. Loading nanoparticles with the highest parameter levels leads to a 26.79% reduction in freezing time. The minimum solidification time is 2025.51 s, which can occur when both factors are at their maximum levels.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Tammy K. Stump, David W. Wetter, Tatyana Kuzmenko, Brian Orleans, Leighann Kolp, Jennifer Wirth, Guilherme Del Fiol, Jonathan Chipman, Benjamin Haaland, Kimberly A. Kaphingst, Adam L. Hersh, Yelena P. Wu
Summary: This study aims to promote COVID-19 testing interventions in kindergarten through 12th-grade schools that serve historically marginalized populations. The results show that text messaging and health navigation are feasible ways to reach parents/guardians and provide COVID-19 screening messages to students.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ruoyu Sun, Xianjun Liu, Dabing Li, Jie Zhuang, Shengrui Qi, Bo Meng, Mingda Liu
Summary: This study applied DEA and LCA methods to optimize China's pig production system, finding that the optimized method can reduce energy consumption and environmental impact, which is of great importance for environmental protection.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Francesca Caloni, Isabella De Angelis, Thomas Hartung
Summary: Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology are evolving, offering relevant and valid tests for drugs and chemicals. Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA) is a new strategy for solving complex toxicological endpoints, which requires the integration of diverse evidence streams.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bryn Pickering, Francesco Lombardi, Stefan Pfenninger
Summary: This study develops a high-resolution model to simulate the entire European energy system and generates 441 technically feasible system designs. The results show that a wide range of systems based on renewable energy are feasible without the need to import energy from outside Europe. The model solutions also reveal flexibility in the choice and geographical distribution of new infrastructure.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paige S. S. Becker, Adam S. S. Ward, Skuyler P. P. Herzog, Steven M. M. Wondzell
Summary: Field studies of hyporheic exchange in mountain systems often assume representativeness without being tested, using short study reaches and limited observations. In this study, numerical models were developed from four mountain streams, and shorter reaches were extracted to test their representativeness compared to reference segments. The study also examined the locations of these representative reaches and compared variance to understand the impacts of inferring causal mechanisms based on observable characteristics. The findings highlight the importance of considering the location and length of study reaches, as well as quantifying within and between site variations, for future field practices and modeling.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Business
Grischa Perino, Claudia Schwirplies
Summary: We report on a field experiment examining the impact of different reasons for reducing red meat consumption on behavior intentions, meat consumption, and meal enjoyment. Surprisingly, these three concepts are not aligned, but all treatments affect meal enjoyment. Additionally, we find that the social environment plays a significant role in driving behavioral changes among female participants.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
