Review
Oncology
A. M. Brandow, R. I. Liem
Summary: Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder characterized by red blood cell deformation and end-organ damage. This review discusses advances in the diagnosis and management of major complications, as well as the latest developments in disease-modifying and curative therapies.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ahsen Ustaoglu, Akinari Sawada, Chung Lee, Wei-Yi Lei, Chien-Lin Chen, Richard Hackett, Daniel Sifrim, Madusha Peiris, Philip Woodland
Summary: This study demonstrates that increased pain perception in patients with nonerosive reflux disease may result from the expression of acid-sensitive channels on superficial mucosal afferents and esophageal epithelial cells. This raises the potential for topical therapy as a treatment option.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Franz Ludwig Dumoulin, Ralf Hildenbrand, Tsuneo Oyama, Ingo Steinbruck
Summary: Diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer often occur during surveillance for reflux disease or Barrett's metaplasia and other indications. Optimal detection is achieved with high definition and dye chromoendoscopy. Different resection techniques and criteria apply to each type of cancer, with curative resection criteria varying based on the maximum infiltration depth and other factors. Ablation of remaining Barrett's metaplasia is also important to reduce the risk of metachronous cancer.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Junkai Liao, Hak-Keung Lam, Guangyu Jia, Shraddha Gulati, Julius Bernth, Dmytro Poliyivets, Yujia Xu, Hongbin Liu, Bu Hayee
Summary: This study aims to automatically diagnose nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) using deep learning algorithms with near focus narrow band imaging (NF-NBI) images. By extracting regions of interest and training CNN models, the ROI-based CNN models demonstrate higher classification performance in both subject-dependent and subject-independent experiments. The results suggest that the proposed ROI-based algorithms are effective in assisting clinical diagnosis of NERD.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda J. Krause, Erin H. Walsh, Philip A. Weissbrod, Tiffany H. Taft, Rena Yadlapati
Summary: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a syndrome caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the pharynx or larynx, leading to a variety of symptoms. Treatment options for LPR include medical therapies such as proton pump inhibitors and noninvasive treatment options like lifestyle therapy. Due to the complexity of patients with LPR, a treatment algorithm is proposed to assist clinicians in diagnosing and treating patients effectively.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Jiankang Wu, Yiming Ma, Yan Chen
Summary: GERD is a prevalent medical condition that can cause chronic cough. The underlying molecular mechanism behind GER-related chronic cough (GERC) is still unclear. Different theories, such as reflux theory, reflex theory, airway allergies, and esophageal motility disorders, are linked to GERC. Multichannel intraluminal impedance combined with pH monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosing GERC, but it is invasive and not well tolerated by patients. Recent discoveries in impedance markers and techniques show promise for the diagnosis of GERD, but further investigation is needed for GERC. Advances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments provide more options for managing GERC.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Polymer Science
Qiaoqiao Li, Yifeng Cao, Ping Wang
Summary: Dry eye disease is a common ocular surface disease, but there is no consensus on its diagnosis criteria. Hydrogels can be used to detect biomarkers and improve drug treatment, showing potential for clinical application.
Review
Oncology
Sherise D. Ferguson, Elena I. Fomchenko, Renato A. Guerrieri, Isabella C. Glitza Oliva
Summary: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating CNS metastasis with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This review discusses advances in LMD diagnosis, focusing on the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and explores the role of targeted and immunotherapy in LMD treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Akanksha Sharma, Justin T. Low, Priya Kumthekar
Summary: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of leptomeningeal disease (LMD), a rare late complication of systemic cancer, and discuss recent research findings and clinical practice trends in its diagnosis and treatment. Improved molecular diagnostic tools are being developed to enhance the detection of LMD. Targeted and CNS-penetrant therapeutics have shown promise in improving survival rates, but more clinical trials are needed.
CURRENT NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Hayley Barnes, Lauren Troy, Cathryn T. Lee, Anne Sperling, Mary Strek, Ian Glaspole
Summary: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease that requires exposure history and multiple tests for diagnosis, including HRCT, serum IgG testing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung biopsy, with treatment involving avoidance of exposure, immunosuppression, and anti-fibrotic therapy in select cases.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rui Liu, Cong Luo, Zhiqing Pang, Jinming Zhang, Shaobo Ruan, Meiying Wu, Lei Wang, Tao Sun, Nan Li, Liang Han, Jinjin Shi, Yuanyu Huang, Weisheng Guo, Shaojun Peng, Wenhu Zhou, Huile Gao
Summary: Decades have passed since the approval of the first nanoparticles-based medicine for human cancer treatment, and research and development in nanoparticles for drug delivery have been continuing. Today, there have been significant advancements in nanoparticles, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, micelles, nanovaccines, and nano-antibodies. These nanoparticles have shown great potential in the treatment and diagnosis of challenging diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, making them promising drug carriers and therapeutic agents in the future.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ni-Na Zhang, Yi-Min Ma, Qi Sun, Liang-Liang Shi, Yin Xie, Xiao-Ping Zou
Summary: The study compared the efficacy of LCI and WLI endoscopy in evaluating MCL in patients with NERD, and found that the frequency of MCL was higher in NERD patients than in those with non-GERD. LCI was more sensitive in detecting MCL compared with WLI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ye Zhao, Teng Ma, Duowu Zou
Summary: This study identified 1195 differentially expressed genes in NERD patients through RNA sequencing, and identified THY1, BMP2, LOX, KDR, and MMP9 as hub genes in NERD. These hub genes showed diagnostic potential through quantitative PCR analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis indicated their close association with the pathophysiological processes of NERD. Additionally, a regulatory network including transcription factors, miRNAs, and hub genes was established.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Camilla Gallo, Roberta Elisa Rossi, Federica Cavalcoli, Federico Barbaro, Ivo Boskoski, Pietro Invernizzi, Sara Massironi
Summary: r-NENs have increased in incidence due to endoscopic screening for colorectal cancer and advanced endoscopic procedures. According to ENETS guidelines, r-NENs smaller than 10 mm should be removed endoscopically, while those larger than 20 mm should undergo surgical resection. There is uncertainty regarding tumors between 10 and 20 mm. Surveillance recommendations for removed r-NENs are limited.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Andrew Pless, Destany Ware, Shalini Saggu, Hasibur Rehman, John Morgan, Qin Wang
Summary: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) affect up to 97% of AD patients, with an estimated 80% of current AD patients experiencing these symptoms. The severity of NPS in AD is typically linked to the disease's progression and the extent of cognitive decline. These symptoms are responsible for a significant increase in morbidity, mortality, caregiver burden, earlier nursing home placement, and greater healthcare expenditure. However, despite their high prevalence and impact, there is a notable lack of clinical research on NPS in AD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)