Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiayin Guo, Yaru Zhu, Xiaoya Ma, Guijun Shang, Bo Liu, Ke Zhang
Summary: Gene expression in eukaryotes involves transcription, mRNA synthesis, and mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Viral proteins can interact with host factors involved in mRNA export, leading to inhibition of host gene expression and enhanced viral mRNA export. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop antivirals to inhibit viral mRNA transport and enhance host gene expression, promoting immune responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Lisa Wendt, Janine Brandt, Dmitry S. Ushakov, Bianca S. Bodmer, Matthew J. Pickin, Allison Groseth, Thomas Hoenen
Summary: This study reveals the mechanistic details of how Ebola virus (EBOV) and other viruses utilize the nuclear RNA export factor 1 (NXF1) to export viral mRNAs from viral inclusion bodies (IBs). It shows that NXF1 is not only required for the EBOV life cycle but also for other viruses known to replicate in cytoplasmic IBs. These findings suggest NXF1 as a promising target for the development of broadly active antivirals.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kathleen Pheasant, Dana Perry, Emma L. Wise, Vivian Cheng, Gillian Elliott
Summary: HSV1 lacking VP22 exhibits impaired production of structural proteins and fails to cause cytopathic effect (CPE), but still replicates and spreads efficiently. However, the virus spontaneously mutates to restore late protein synthesis and CPE, indicating a clear selective pressure on HSV1 to optimize late protein production. This finding has implications for the understanding of viral protein synthesis.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sita Awasthi, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: The rapid development of two nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines has revolutionized the field of COVID-19 vaccines with their safety and high effectiveness. The mRNA technology offers advantages such as accelerated immunogen discovery, robust immune response induction, and rapid manufacturing scale-up. Developing a genital herpes vaccine has been a longstanding public health priority, and the advent of mRNA technology holds promise in changing the narrative. The development of nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines for genital herpes shows great potential in inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and more durable immune responses compared to protein-adjuvanted vaccines.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Xiyuan Yang, Ze Xiang, Zeyu Sun, Feiyang Ji, Keyi Ren, Dongli Pan
Summary: The study reveals that MOV10 is induced during HSV-1 infection to restrict viral replication by promoting type I interferon production through an IKK epsilon-mediated RNA sensing pathway. It is also discovered that the viral protein ICP27 can interact with MOV10 and antagonize its antiviral activity.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiuye Wang, Liang Liu, Adam W. Whisnant, Thomas Hennig, Lara Djakovic, Nabila Haque, Cindy Bach, Rozanne M. Sandri-Goldin, Florian Erhard, Caroline C. Friedel, Lars Dolken, Yongsheng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that HSV-1 infection causes widespread changes in host mRNA APA with the involvement of ICP27, leading to intronic polyadenylation and early termination of RNAPII. These changes contribute to altered gene expression patterns and the expression of truncated mRNAs, suggesting a multi-faceted host response to viral infection and cellular stress.
Article
Virology
Chih-Jen Lai, Dokyun Kim, Seokmin Kang, Kun Li, Inho Cha, Akimi Sasaki, Jose Porras, Tian Xia, Jae U. Jung
Summary: This study applies the principle of persistent viral codon-usage-trans-inducer to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike mRNA vaccine platform, resulting in enhanced antigen expression and long-term protection against lethal viral infection.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Carmen Elena Gonzalez, Nawel Ben Abdeljelil, Angela Pearson
Summary: UL24 of HSV-1 plays an important role in virus infection, and its C-terminal domain regulates its nuclear and cytoplasmic localization during infection. Mutations can enhance the accumulation of UL24 in the nucleus, and specific inhibitors can block the nuclear export of UL24.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jeffery B. Ostler, Clinton Jones
Summary: HSV-1 establishes lifelong latency in neurons after acute infection, but can be reactivated by stressful stimuli. Cellular factors such as the glucocorticoid receptor and stress-induced transcription factors have been shown to promote viral gene expression.
Article
Cell Biology
Matti Turtola, M. Cemre Manav, Ananthanarayanan Kumar, Agnieszka Tudek, Seweryn Mroczek, Pawel S. Krawczyk, Andrzej Dziembowski, Manfred Schmid, Lori A. Passmore, Ana Casanal, Torben Heick Jensen
Summary: The study identified three mechanisms controlling polyadenylation in S. cerevisiae, with the primary regulator being PABP Nab2p, followed by PABP Pab1p and CPF. These mechanisms prevent uncontrolled polyadenylation, ensuring proper mRNA export and translation.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Muhannad I. Alkhalifah, Haneen E. Alsobki, Haifa M. Alwael, Abdullah M. Al Fawaz, Hani S. Al-Mezaine
Summary: This report presents two cases of herpes simplex virus keratitis reactivation following Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. The patients, one male and one female, showed symptoms between 4 days and 4 weeks post vaccination, with positive PCR results for HSV and good response to treatment. Further investigation and reporting of similar cases is recommended to understand any potential associations.
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND INFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Lauren M. Hook, Sita Awasthi, Tina M. Cairns, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Bernard T. Fowler, Kevin P. Egan, Molly M. H. Sung, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: The toxicity of mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines depends on the total dose, with optimization of specific immunogens being important for efficacy. In this study, the authors evaluated the optimal dose for gD2 mRNA-LNP immunization in mice and found that 1 μg provided maximum protection against herpes virus. Epitope mapping and dose response studies can guide the selection of optimal immunogen doses in multivalent vaccines.
Review
Immunology
Carissa Ikka Pardamean, Ting-Ting Wu
Summary: Viruses have the ability to alter host gene expression, with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus having two proteins that obstruct this process. The proteins SOX and ORF10 play a role in inhibiting host gene expression through different mechanisms. Studies on these proteins, along with research on a related rodent virus, provide insights into their roles in viral pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rakesh Rahangdale, Tenzin Tender, Sridevi Balireddy, Kamini Goswami, Mukesh Pasupuleti, Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
Summary: The health of the human population is constantly challenged by viral infections, including the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Current anti-HSV therapies have limitations, and protein therapeutics are being explored as a potential alternative due to their specificity and low toxicity. This review emphasizes the importance of HSV viral glycoproteins and host receptors in the pathogenesis of HSV infection, and discusses the possibility of using proteins or peptides derived from these glycoproteins and receptors to inhibit HSV attachment, entry, or fusion.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)