Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katrin Colleselli, Anna Stierschneider, Christoph Wiesner
Summary: While inflammation is crucial for human survival in response to infection and injury, prolonged inflammation can be fatal. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in initiating inflammatory processes, and TLR2, in particular, has been extensively studied and known to recognize a wide range of pathogens through heterodimerization. However, many unanswered questions still remain about the mechanisms of TLR2 in both health and disease. This review provides an up-to-date overview of TLR2, including its homo- and heterodimers, and discusses its pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and recent findings in infectious and neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kiran Shabir, Seley Gharanei, Sophie Orton, Vanlata Patel, Parbata Chauhan, Emmanouil Karteris, Harpal S. Randeva, James E. Brown, Ioannis Kyrou
Summary: Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by secreting various adipokines that regulate metabolism and other physiological processes. The altered secretion of adipokines has been associated with obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin, a recently discovered adipokine, is elevated in cardio-metabolic diseases and has pro-inflammatory effects, at least in part through the TLR4 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natticha Sumneang, Pongpan Tanajak, Thura Tun Oo
Summary: Doxorubicin (Dox) is commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, but its cardiotoxicity reduces its therapeutic efficacy. Dox-induced cardiac inflammation is considered as one of the underlying mechanisms involved in Dox-induced cardiotoxicity. Understanding the role of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in Dox-induced cardiac inflammation might be beneficial for developing potential therapeutic strategies.
Review
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Wenbin Dai, Longhai Long, Xiaoqiang Wang, Sen Li, Houping Xu
Summary: This review surveyed the in vivo effects of phytochemicals targeting TLR4 in different models of IBD and highlighted the significance of TLR4 as a therapeutic target for IBD.
Review
Cell Biology
Elise E. Bruning, Janet K. Coller, Hannah R. Wardill, Joanne M. Bowen
Summary: TLR4 is a highly conserved protein involved in innate immunity with distinct roles in epithelial and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. While epithelial cell expression of TLR4 contributes to maintaining homeostasis, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating permeability, immune cell expression is centered on maturation of dendritic cells and priming the adaptive immune system. However, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of site-specific TLR4 expression on inflammation and disease progression.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Arash Heidari, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Recent studies suggest that neuroinflammation may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nikoo Bayan, Niloufar Yazdanpanah, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with inflammation, cellular apoptosis, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, and neovascularization. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a crucial role in the development of DR, and microRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of DR through their interaction with TLR4. Inhibitors of the TLR4 pathway have shown potential in the treatment of DR.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Deepender Kaushik, Juliana T. Granato, Gilson C. Macedo, Paula R. B. Dib, Sakshi Piplani, Johnson Fung, Adilson D. da Silva, Elaine S. Coimbra, Nikolai Petrovsky, Deepak B. Salunke
Summary: The study evaluated the anti-Leishmanial activity of imidazoquinoline-based TLR7/8 agonists. Compounds 2 and 3, as TLR7 agonists, showed promise in inhibiting the growth of L. amazonensis-intracellular amastigotes by inducing the production of free radicals and inflammatory cytokines from macrophages. While these compounds had narrow cytotoxicity windows for macrophages, they could potentially be further developed as less cytotoxic TLR7/8 agonists for anti-Leishmanial drug development.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Min Cai, You-cai Xu, Bo Deng, Jun-Bang Chen, Ting-Fang Chen, Ke-Feng Zeng, Si Chen, Sui-hui Deng, Zhang-bin Tan, Wen-jun Ding, Shuang-wei Zhang, Bin Liu, Jing-zhi Zhang
Summary: This study found that GL extract and its active constituent LicoA exerted anti-inflammatory effects by targeting TLR4 directly, reducing inflammatory damage and inhibiting TLR4 signaling activation.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Huanyu Jiang, Yubiao Zhang, Geliang Hu, Xiaobin Shang, Jianghua Ming, Ming Deng, Yaming Li, Yonggang Ma, Shiqing Liu, Yan Zhou
Summary: The study reveals the important role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in regulating inflammation and immune response in osteoarthritis (OA). SP-D exhibits chondroprotective properties by downregulating inflammation-related genes, suppressing cytokine production, and reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells. The binding of SP-D to the TLR4/MD-2 complex further inhibits TLR4-mediated signaling activation. These findings suggest that SP-D has a beneficial effect in attenuating inflammation and preserving cartilage integrity in OA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ken Shirato, Takako Kizaki
Summary: Research has shown that the spike protein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 activates TLR4 signaling to induce pro-inflammatory responses in murine and human macrophages, suggesting that TLR4 signaling in macrophages may be a potential target for regulating excessive inflammation in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sehar Sajid, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, Richard Mackenzie, Mark Turner, Theo Nell, Srikanth Bellary, Derek Renshaw
Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome and comorbidities. The dysregulated expansion of adipose tissue during obesity leads to the development of low-grade chronic inflammation. Annexin A1 may play a protective role in obesity and inflammation, but its effect may be overshadowed by the systemic inflammation caused by obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joel Gruchot, Ferdinand Lein, Isabel Lewen, Laura Reiche, Vivien Weyers, Patrick Petzsch, Peter Goettle, Karl Koehrer, Hans-Peter Hartung, Patrick Kuery, David Kremer
Summary: Siponimod, a modulator of S1PR, can selectively modulate the reaction of microglia in the central nervous system. It has the potential to be a treatment option for multiple sclerosis, as it can promote neurorepair while inhibiting autoimmune inflammation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Menglu Yang, Haakon K. Fjaervoll, Ketil A. Fjaervoll, Nicholas H. Wang, Tor P. Utheim, Charles N. Serhan, Darlene A. Dartt
Summary: There are differences in the responses of conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs) to inflammatory stimuli between males and females, and these responses are influenced by sex hormones. Males have a higher response to a specific pro-resolution lipid SPM, indicating that they may terminate inflammation in conjunctival goblet cells faster than females.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lucia Yi-Ru Chung, Yi-Ting Lin, Chi Liu, Yi-Cheng Tai, Han-Yi Lin, Chin-Hsien Lin, Ching-Chow Chen
Summary: This study reveals that activated microglia-derived neuroinflammation induces neuronal TLR2/4-p38/JNK activation, disrupting autophagy and leading to accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates and neurite shortening. Targeting neuronal TLR2/4 pathway might provide a mechanistic-based therapy for neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Sasimol Udomruk, Chayanut Kaewmool, Thanyaluck Phitak, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Prachya Kongtawelert
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Chayanut Kaewmool, Prachya Kongtawelert, Thanyaluck Phitak, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Sasimol Udomruk
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hathaichanok Chuntakaruk, Prachya Kongtawelert, Peraphan Pothacharoen
Summary: Purple corn anthocyanins have shown to be beneficial in reducing inflammation associated with diabetes and may help ameliorate cartilage degradation. By inhibiting the NF kappa b and MAPK signaling pathways, purple corn anthocyanins and the metabolite PCA exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on AGEs-induced cartilage degradation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aitthiphon Chongchai, Sajee Waramit, Keittisak Suwan, Mariam Al-Bahrani, Sasimol Udomruk, Thanyaluck Phitak, Prachya Kongtawelert, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Amin Hajitou
Summary: A targeted chondrosarcoma gene therapy using engineered phage particles showed promising, selective, and efficient delivery of therapeutic genes to chondrosarcoma cells. In vitro studies demonstrated significant cell killing and high expression of TNF alpha and apoptosis-related genes when treated with the targeted particles. In vivo experiments on mice with chondrosarcoma further supported the potential of this phage-based therapy for chondrosarcoma.
Article
Neurosciences
Sasimol Udomruk, Benjawan Wudtiwai, Thuzar Hla Shwe, Thanyaluck Phitak, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Mattabhorn Phimphilai, Prachya Kongtawelert
Summary: Neuroinflammation-mediated microglial reactivity plays a crucial role in the increased risk of Alzheimer's disease development in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formed in diabetes are intermediaries of brain injury. Sesamin, a lignan found in sesame seed oils, shows promise in delaying inflammatory progress by inhibiting AGEs-induced microglial reactivity.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thuzar Hla Shwe, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Thanyaluck Phitak, Benjawan Wudtiwai, Prachya Kongtawelert
Summary: In this study, the synergistic upregulation of PD-L1 expression in HepG2 cells by a combination of IFNγ and TNFα was observed, with STAT1 activation playing a major role in this synergistic effect. Atorvastatin was found to inhibit the induction of PD-L1 by either IFNγ alone or IFNγ/TNFα combination treatment in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that atorvastatin may impact tumor immune response through inhibiting PD-L1 induction in cancer patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benjawan Wudtiwai, Anupong Makeudom, Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Prachya Kongtawelert
Summary: The study demonstrates that hesperidin effectively reduces cell proliferation and migration of oral cancer cells by inhibiting PD-L1 expression and inactivating STAT1 and STAT3 signaling molecules. This suggests hesperidin could be a potential adjunctive treatment for oral cancer.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mattabhorn Phimphilai, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Prachya Kongtawelert
Summary: This study revealed impaired osteogenic differentiation in approximately half of PBMC derived from type 2 diabetic patients receiving metformin monotherapy. Overexpression of both AGER and BAX/BCL2 was only demonstrated in PBMC isolated from diabetic patients with poor osteogenic differentiation. Age was shown to have a positive impact on RAGE overexpression, and both age and RAGE overexpression were identified as independent risk factors influencing osteogenic differentiation potential in PBMC isolated from T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Aitthiphon Chongchai, Sajee Waramit, Tunchanok Wongwichai, Jirawan Kampangtip, Thanyaluck Phitak, Prachya Kongtawelert, Amin Hajitou, Keittisak Suwan, Peraphan Pothacharoen
Summary: The study developed a targeted delivery strategy which successfully delivered transgenes to HACs using CAP.Phage particles, with the CAP ligand demonstrating preference for binding to pathogenic chondrocytes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mattabhorn Phimphilai, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Nipon Chattipakorn, Prachya Kongtawelert
Summary: This study found that prediabetic individuals still have preserved osteogenic differentiation ability in PBMC, and these cells show both suppression of cellular AGE receptors and apoptotic-related signals. Serum pentosidine is an independent risk factor for cellular AGE receptor expression and can be used as a good predictor for AGE receptor suppression in prediabetic individuals.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Peraphan Pothacharoen, Rujirek Chaiwongsa, Theerawut Chanmee, Orapin Insuan, Thanchanok Wongwichai, Phornpimon Janchai, Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Summary: Bromelain, a protease mixture found in pineapple, has beneficial biological properties and exhibits anti-arthritic activities. It protects cartilage from degradation and decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in synovial fibroblasts by suppressing NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways.
Article
Cell Biology
Su Yati, Atiruj Silathapanasakul, Chakrarin Thakaeng, Mayuree Chanasakulniyom, Napat Songtawee, Sureerut Porntadavity, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Dumnoensun Pruksakorn, Prachya Kongtawelert, Pa-Thai Yenchitsomanus, Theerawut Chanmee
Summary: The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in response to chemotherapy can mediate the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) via the IL-1 signaling pathway in osteosarcoma cells. This study provides insights into the role of EVs in regulating PD-L1 expression and suggests the potential for combining IL-1 or PD-L1 targeting drugs with chemotherapy as a treatment option for osteosarcoma patients.
Article
Biology
Pattaralawan Sittiju, Parunya Chaiyawat, Dumnoensun Pruksakorn, Jeerawan Klangjorhor, Weerinrada Wongrin, Phichayut Phinyo, Rawikant Kamolphiwong, Areerak Phanphaisarn, Pimpisa Teeyakasem, Prachya Kongtawelert, Peraphan Pothacharoen
Summary: Novel or OS-specific biomarkers from GEO database show promise for developing diagnostic and tumor progression strategies. Three candidate genes, including COL5A2, ezrin, and vimentin, were identified as potential tools for OS detection and disease progression prediction. Liquid biopsy is an interesting non-invasive tool for measuring tumor material, with VIM and ezrin genes associated with EMT and metastasis in OS.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prachya Kongtawelert, Chayanut Kaewmool, Thanyaluck Phitak, Mattabhorn Phimphilai, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Thuzar Hla Shwe
Summary: This study revealed that sesamin can inhibit high glucose-induced microglial activation and inflammatory responses, thereby reducing neurotoxicity. This suggests that sesamin may be a potential therapeutic compound for preventing diabetic-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Orapin Insuan, Phornphimon Janchai, Benchaluk Thongchuai, Rujirek Chaiwongsa, Supaporn Khamchun, Somphot Saoin, Wimonrut Insuan, Peraphan Pothacharoen, Waraporn Apiwatanapiwat, Antika Boondaeng, Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Summary: The study found that bromelain can inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses, reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines, and achieve anti-inflammatory effects by regulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2, with purified rhizome bromelain showing stronger inhibitory effects than crude bromelain in RAW264.7 cells.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)