Review
Cell Biology
Xinxin Yu, Shihao Wang, Wenzheng Wu, Hongyuan Chang, Pufan Shan, Lin Yang, Wenjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Wang
Summary: Depression is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent depressed mood, pain and despair, pessimism and anxiety, and even suicidal tendencies. It is often associated with the development of other diseases and is believed to be influenced by genetic, psychological, environmental, and biological factors. Recent evidence suggests that viral infections may play a role in the development of depression by affecting glial cells and leading to neuroinflammation.
Review
Cell Biology
Claudia Alia, Daniele Cangi, Verediana Massa, Marco Salluzzo, Livia Vignozzi, Matteo Caleo, Cristina Spalletti
Summary: Ischemic damage in brain tissue leads to plastic changes in cell-to-cell interactions, influencing a wide range of molecular and structural interactions. Understanding and manipulating these intercellular connections is crucial for post-stroke neurorehabilitation.
Article
Neurosciences
Kalee N. Holloway, James C. Douglas, Tonya M. Rafferty, Ania K. Majewska, Cynthia J. M. Kane, Paul D. Drew
Summary: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders caused by alcohol exposure during pregnancy. This study investigates the transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum of postnatal mice exposed to ethanol for 1 or 2 days, shedding light on early changes associated with FASD. Ethanol exposure alters pathways related to immune function, cytokine signaling, and the cell cycle. It also affects the expression of genes associated with neurodegenerative microglia and reactive astrocytes. These findings improve our understanding of FASD mechanisms and may contribute to the development of new interventions and therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Vishal Chavda, Kavita Singh, Vimal Patel, Meerambika Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
Summary: This review examines the role of glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases and discusses different interactions and important factors related to Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ying Zhang, Hai-Yan Yin, Patrizia Rubini, Peter Illes, Yong Tang
Summary: There is a dispute about whether CNS neurons possess ATP-sensitive P2X7 receptors. By genetically deleting P2X7 receptors in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, it was found that these receptors indirectly modulate the neuronal input to neighboring neurons.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Hao Huang, Wanjun He, Tao Tang, Mengsheng Qiu
Summary: Glial cells in the CNS, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, are vital for neural development and functioning. Proper use of cell- or stage-specific molecular markers is crucial for studying their fate specification, differentiation, and functional diversification. This article provides an updated overview of immunological markers for labeling central glia and discusses their cell-type specificity and stage dependency.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hariprasath Ragupathy, Manasvi Vukku, Sandeep Kumar Barodia
Summary: Neurodegeneration is a progressive phenomenon associated with aging, where activated microglia and neuroinflammation play crucial roles. Mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive neuroinflammatory responses are important factors contributing to age-dependent neurodegeneration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Xinguo Zhang, Ruiqi Zhang, Maher Un Nisa Awan, Jie Bai
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects elderly people. The onset and progression mechanism is unknown, and there are currently no effective treatment strategies. In addition to the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, glia cells also play a role in brain tissue homeostasis, defense, and repair in PD.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Barbora Salcman, Karen Affleck, Silvia Bulfone-Paus
Summary: Localisation of mast cells at the abluminal side of blood vessels in the brain promotes their interaction with other brain cells, leading to the release of inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, activation of P2X receptors in mast cells and glial cells plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Chavarria, Rodrigo Ivagnes, Jose M. Souza
Summary: This review article discusses the mechanisms and processes associated with alpha-synuclein uptake in glial cells and the resulting neuronal death.
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Zhao, Xue-Fan Jiang, Hui-Qin Zhang, Jia-Hui Sun, Hui Pei, Li-Na Ma, Yu Cao, Hao Li
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with no satisfying curative therapies currently available. Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier contributes to the onset and progression of AD, yet the pathogenesis caused by BBB injury remains unclear. Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of BBB and neuronal function.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Rodrigo G. Mira, Matias Lira, Waldo Cerpa
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disorder that causes brain damage due to external forces, leading to CNS damage under various mechanisms. Glial cells such as astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes play crucial roles in response to TBI, affecting neuronal damage and pathophysiology.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Yao Liu, Xi Shen, Yuhan Zhang, Xiaoli Zheng, Carlos Cepeda, Yao Wang, Shumin Duan, Xiaoping Tong
Summary: The mammalian brain is composed of neurons, glial cells, and numerous synapses. Neurons form the complex circuitry of the brain, while glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, play essential roles in supporting and regulating neuronal activity. This review summarizes the latest research on how glial cells impact and remodel synapses, with a focus on microglia and oligodendrocytes. The review highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuron-glia crosstalk and provides insights into how disrupted synaptic communication between neurons and glia may contribute to neural pathologies.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Conlan Kreher, Jacob Favret, Malabika Maulik, Daesung Shin
Summary: Lysosomes are cellular organelles containing acidic digestive enzymes with multiple functions, such as removing unnecessary cell parts, repairing damaged cellular membranes, and sensing cellular energy status. Glial cells, non-neuronal cells in the nervous system, play an active role in maintaining homeostasis for neurons through lysosomal pathways, affecting the physiology of neighboring neurons.
Article
Cell Biology
Mariarosaria Cammarota, Francesca Boscia
Summary: The understanding of myelin processing under neuroinflammation is crucial for studying inflammation resolution and neuroprotection. A three-dimensional experimental model using hippocampal explants provides valuable insights into the spatial-temporal contribution of glial scarring to myelin uptake and processing.