Article
Biophysics
Alina Vasilescu, Borys Hrinczenko, Greg M. Swain, Serban F. Peteu
Summary: This mini-review introduces the reader to research on exhaled breath analysis for detecting abnormal chemical markers reflective of respiratory diseases. It discusses two main groups of sensing methods: mass spectrometry and (bio)sensors, with a focus on biosensor applications for EB and EBC analyses. The review concludes with recommendations for future development of EBC biomarker sensing in the near and long term.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mauro Maniscalco, Debora Paris, Paola Cuomo, Salvatore Fuschillo, Pasquale Ambrosino, Annabella Tramice, Letizia Palomba, Andrea Motta
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease, and a single strategy of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) may not achieve the desired outcomes for all patients. This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and multivariate statistical analysis to investigate the relationship between biomarkers and clinical parameters in COPD patients undergoing PR. The results showed that the metabolic COPD phenotype evolves during PR, and methanol metabolite could serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring personalized outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Inger Lise Gade, Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz, Rasmus Froberg Brondum, Benedict Kjaergaard, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Asger Andersen, Soren Risom Kristensen, Bent Honore
Summary: This study investigated the proteome of exhaled breath condensate in a porcine model of acute PE to identify potential diagnostic markers. Proteins in the EBC of pigs with PE showed significant alterations, with albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin being potential diagnostic markers for PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression accurately discriminated between baseline and PE samples, suggesting a new approach for early PE diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shuo Wei, Yi-sheng Chen, Yi Shi
Summary: This study identified potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) by analyzing the metabolic profile of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples. The identified compounds showed good classification between PA patients and controls, and can serve as noninvasive markers for the diagnosis of PA.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica Ghelli, Marco Panizzolo, Giacomo Garzaro, Giulia Squillacioti, Valeria Bellisario, Nicoletta Colombi, Enrico Bergamaschi, Irina Guseva Canu, Roberto Bono
Summary: This systematic review compares baseline values of pro/anti-inflammatory biomarkers in Exhaled Breath Condensate (EBC) in healthy, non-smoking adults, aiming to summarize the concentrations reported in the literature. The adherence to guidelines is crucial due to differences in methodologies employed in the included articles concerning EBC sampling, storage, and analyses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maud Hemmendinger, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Nancy B. Hopf, Pascal Wild, Guillaume Suarez, Irina Guseva Canu
Summary: The study optimized a method based on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine for quantifying MDA in EBC, with analytical uncertainty at the LOQ level reaching 23%, yet still lower than the observed inter-individual variability.
Article
Toxicology
Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Maud Hemmendinger, Guillaume Suarez, Camille Creze, Nancy B. Hopf, Valerie Jouannique, Amelie Debatisse, Jacques A. Pralong, Pascal Wild, Irina Guseva Canu
Summary: Exposure to subway particulate matter may alter concentrations of nitrogen oxides, acetate, and lactate in the exhaled breath condensate of subway workers. The effect is influenced by particle size and could reflect the body's response to oxidative stress in order to maintain redox and/or metabolic homeostasis.
PARTICLE AND FIBRE TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sabine Szunerits, Hannes Doerfler, Quentin Pagneux, John Daniel, Shekhar Wadekar, Eloise Woitrain, Dennis Ladage, David Montaigne, Rabah Boukherroub
Summary: Since the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the analysis of exhaled breath has gained attention as a non-invasive diagnostic approach. Mass spectrometry has been recognized as a powerful tool for clinical diagnostics, but its use is limited in the clinical setting. Recent developments focus on online sampling using portable and wearable devices, such as face masks, which have the potential to enable fast and non-invasive diagnosis.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tayeb Kakeshpour, Belhu Metaferia, Richard N. Zare, Adriaan Bax
Summary: Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a key role in environmental chemistry, biology, and medicine. Quantitative detection of H2O2 is challenging due to its low concentration compared to water. This study demonstrates that optimized NMR spectroscopy allows direct, interference-free measurements of submicromolar levels of H2O2 in various fluids. The study also confirms the spontaneous generation of H2O2 in microdroplets formed on a hydrophobic surface, which can interfere with atmospheric H2O2 measurements. The antimicrobial activity and seasonal variation of H2O2 may be linked to respiratory viral diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Rizky Ilhamsyah, Jean-Marie D. Dimandja, Peter J. Hesketh
Summary: Breath analysis as a noninvasive health diagnostic method has attracted interest, but the collection of exhaled breath remains a challenge. The study developed a mathematical model to optimize a condenser in the breath collection system to provide dry gas phase samples and exhaled breath condensate effectively.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin, Behruoz Seyfinejad, Sibel Aysil Ozkan, Jafar Soleymani, Maryam Khoubnasabjafari, Vahid Jouyban-Gharamaleki, Elaheh Rahimpour, Abolghasem Jouyban
Summary: Tramadol was successfully extracted and determined in EBC samples through the supported liquid membrane extraction technique, which has the advantages of high efficiency, sensitivity, and accuracy.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Joanna Polomska, Kamil Bar, Barbara Sozanska
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) as a source of biomarkers for lung disorders. It discusses the clinical implications and limitations of using EBC in asthma research.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Carlos Perez-Sanchez, Nuria Barbarroja, Lucas C. Pantaleao, Laura M. Lopez-Sanchez, Susan E. Ozanne, Bernabe Jurado-Gamez, Enrique Aranda, Chary Lopez-Pedrera, Antonio Rodriguez-Ariza
Summary: This study provides evidence for the clinical utility of miRNAs from exhaled breath condensate as biomarkers of lung cancer. Genome-wide miRNA profiling and machine learning analysis revealed altered miRNA levels in lung cancer patients, with specific signatures accurately distinguishing patient types and predicting clinical outcomes. Dysregulated EBC miRNAs also showed associations with clinical features and potential target genes related to lung cancer pathogenesis.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francisca Castro Mendes, Ines Paciencia, Joao Cavaleiro Rufo, Diana Silva, Luis Delgado, Andre Moreira, Pedro Moreira
Summary: This study assessed the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related miRNA in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of school-aged children. The findings suggest that children with higher dietary acid loads may have elevated levels of miR-133a-3p, which is associated with asthma.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maud Hemmendinger, Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Nancy B. Hopf, Guillaume Suarez, Irina Guseva Canu
Summary: Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been suggested as a non-invasive method to evaluate airway inflammation. This study developed a new method to quantify 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane in EBC using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. However, both biomarkers were below the limit of detection, indicating the need for further research on the methodology of EBC collection for quantification of oxidative stress biomarkers.