Article
Food Science & Technology
Davide De Marzo, Caterina Losacco, Vito Laudadio, Vincenzo Tufarelli, Youling L. Xiong
Summary: This study evaluated the histological characteristics of muscle and adipose tissue in Gentile di Puglia breed lambs fed diets containing different protein sources (soybean meal and distillers dried grain with solubles) and protein levels. The results showed that lambs fed soybean meal had larger alpha-white fibers and smaller-diameter beta-red and alpha-red fibers. Lambs fed the lowest protein level exhibited the highest percentage of alpha-red fibers and larger alpha-white fiber diameter. The findings suggest that dietary protein strategies can modulate muscle and fiber types in lambs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
O. Olaye, O. A. Ojo
Summary: This study examines the validity of a long-held implicit assumption that the composition-dependent interdiffusion coefficient remains isothermally constant regardless of solute-source composition. The results of numerical simulations and experimental analyses show that solute concentration can significantly affect the composition dependency of interdiffusion coefficient, contrary to previous assumptions. Therefore, using concentration-dependent interdiffusion functions obtained from pure-metal/pure-metal diffusion couples to predict or analyze diffusion effects in alloy solute sources can be highly inaccurate.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lauren A. Fowler, Audrey D. Powers, Michael B. Williams, James L. Davis, Robert J. Barry, Louis R. D'Abramo, Stephen A. Watts
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the interactions of different sources of saturated fat with sex and total dietary lipid intake on weight gain and body composition in adult zebrafish. The findings suggest that the effects of saturated fat intake on body weight gain are dependent on the intake of total dietary lipid. It is hypothesized that the impacts of saturated fat intake on energy allocation and obesity-related phenotypes are influenced by both sex and the intake of other dietary lipid components.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alison R. Loeppky, Luke D. Belding, Alex R. Quijada-Rodriguez, John D. Morgan, Brenda M. Pracheil, Bryan C. Chakoumakos, W. Gary Anderson
Summary: The study suggests that climate change may influence the polymorph composition of otoliths in fish, with significant shifts observed in early life history.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yuanqi Lv, Tingting Tang, Lilan Xu, Jing Wang, Yujie Su, Junhua Li, Luping Gu, Ming Zhang, Yanjun Yang, Cuihua Chang
Summary: In this study, the effects of soybean dietary fiber (DF) on the gel properties of soy protein isolate (SPI) gels were investigated. It was found that the particle size and content of DF influenced the hardness, cohesiveness, and water holding capacity of the gels. The addition of trans-glutaminase (TGase) also had varied effects on the gel properties, depending on the situation.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. Chang, Q. Q. Zhang, H. H. Wang, Q. Chu, J. Zhang, Z. X. Yan, H. G. Liu, A. L. Geng
Summary: The experiment aimed to study the effects of dietary ME and CP levels on performance, pectoral muscle composition, and gut microbiota in native growing chickens. The results showed that medium ME (11.51 MJ/kg) and low CP (14-15%) levels were beneficial for enhancing pectoral muscle composition, improving meat quality, and benefiting gut microbiota.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Aniela C. Honig, Vivienne Inhuber, Hubert Spiekers, Wilhelm Windisch, Kay-Uwe Goetz, Manfred Schuster, Thomas Ettle
Summary: The data on chemical body composition of cattle play a vital role in determining energy and nutrient requirements. This study focused on growing Fleckvieh bulls and found that their body composition changed as they grew, with increases in fat tissue and ether extract. While various body tissues decreased proportionately during growth, muscle and tendon proportions remained constant. The bulls exhibited enhanced growth potential and high muscle and protein gain within the studied weight range. Metabolizable protein requirements in relation to energy decreased as the animals' live weight increased.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Heijmans, E. Beijer, M. Duijster, B. Kemp, R. P. Kwakkel, W. J. J. Gerrits, H. van den Brand
Summary: Body composition and energetic efficiency in broiler breeders were evaluated using different dietary strategies. Body protein mass was linearly related to body weight, while body fat mass was exponentially related to body weight. Higher energy-to-protein ratio resulted in higher body fat mass. Sexual maturation was related to body protein mass, with each additional 100g advancing sexual maturation by 5.4 days.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Justyna Paulina Wielgosz-Grochowska, Nicole Domanski, Malgorzata Ewa Drywien
Summary: Recent observations have shown that Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) affects the host through various mechanisms. This study found that the methane-hydrogen dominant type of SIBO is inversely correlated with body weight, BMI, body fat, and mineral bone content.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alice E. Disher, Kelly L. Stewart, Aaron J. E. Bach, Ian B. Stewart
Summary: This study found that individuals who engage in regular exercise have faster water turnover rates compared to sedentary individuals, which is closely related to water and fiber intake, as well as activity levels. The research indicates that people who exercise more have higher rates of water intake and water loss.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sumei Hu, Jacques Togo, Lu Wang, Yingga Wu, Dengbao Yang, Yanchao Xu, Li Li, Baoguo Li, Min Li, Jianbo Li, Guanlin Wang, Xueying Zhang, Chaoqun Niu, Mohsen Mazidi, Alex Douglas, John R. Speakman
Summary: The study found a strong association between body fat mass and glucose homeostasis, while dietary macronutrients showed no significant impact. The area under the glucose curve (AUC) was significantly correlated with fasting insulin levels, suggesting a role of endocrine hormones in glucose metabolism. Genes identified through transcriptomic analysis may play crucial roles in glucose homeostasis, highlighting previously unexpected mechanisms.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
P. A. Lancaster
Summary: This study evaluated existing equations for predicting body weight and chemical composition of cattle and found limitations in the current equations. The study suggests that a more comprehensive set of equations, considering factors such as sex, breed type, and recent cattle genetics and management systems, may need to be developed.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessandro Ferruzzi, Massimiliano Vrech, Angelo Pietrobelli, Paolo Cavarzere, Nicoletta Zerman, Alessandra Guzzo, Carl-Erik Flodmark, Giorgio Piacentini, Franco Antoniazzi
Summary: Growth hormone (GH) affects metabolism and growth. GH deficiency (GHD) in children leads to diminished height velocity and short stature. GH treatment in adults with GHD has established benefits on body composition, such as increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat mass. However, there are limited studies on the effects of GH treatment on body composition in pediatric patients with idiopathic or hypothalamic-pituitary disease-associated GHD.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christian S. Wright, Erica R. Hill, Perla C. Reyes Fernandez, William R. Thompson, Maxime A. Gallant, Wayne W. Campbell, Russell P. Main
Summary: Higher protein-energy restriction diets can improve body composition and metabolic health, but their impact on bone is controversial. This study investigated the effect of different protein sources and quantities on bone and body composition in obese, ovariectomized rats. Overall, energy restriction decreased body weight and bone quantity. Weight loss was greater with normal protein diet compared to high protein beef and soy diets, and muscle area decreased only with normal protein diet. The beef diet exacerbated bone loss compared to the soy diet. Results suggest that specific protein source recommendations may be needed to attenuate the adverse effects of high protein-energy restriction diets on bone quality.
Article
Fisheries
In-Seok Park, Seunghyung Lee, Gwang-Yeol Yoo
Summary: In this study, the optimum dietary protein level in hybrid pufferfish was evaluated. The fish that received 45% and 50% protein diets showed higher weight gain and growth rate. The protein content of 46.3% and 51.5% resulted in maximum growth of juvenile hybrid pufferfish.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sean M. Santos, Samantha Laflin, Audrie Broadway, Cosby Burnet, Joline Hartheimer, John Rodgers, Daniel L. Smith, John L. Hartman
Summary: The interaction between gene knockout, auxotrophy, media composition, and other assay conditions influences quiescence in yeast cells, revealing it as a complex metabolic and developmental process that should be studied in a prototrophic context with carefully controlled experimental factors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ikjae Lee, Mohamed Kazamel, Tarrant McPherson, Jeremy McAdam, Marcas Bamman, Amy Amara, Daniel L. Smith, Peter H. King
Summary: Measuring body composition with DEXA may serve as a biomarker for rapid disease progression in ALS. Research indicates that changes in weight and body fat percentage are correlated with disease deterioration in ALS patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Ayanabha Chakraborti, Christopher Graham, Sophie Chehade, Bijal Vashi, Alan Umfress, Pradeep Kurup, Benjamin Vickers, H. Alexander Chen, Rahul Telange, Taylor Berryhill, William van der Pol, Mickie Powell, Stephen Barnes, Casey Morrow, Daniel L. Smith, M. Shahid Mukhtar, Stephen Watts, Gregory Kennedy, James Bibb
Summary: Long-term consumption of high fructose corn syrup-moderate fat diet in mice led to behavioral abnormalities, including increased anxiety, despair behaviors, and impaired social interactions; it also induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and decreased levels of serotonin and its tryptophan-based precursors in the serum.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Steven N. Austad, Thomas W. Buford, David B. Allison, Scott. W. Ballinger, Andrew W. Brown, Christy S. Carter, Victor M. Darley-Usmar, John L. Hartman, Timothy R. Nagy, Daniel L. Smith, Liou Sun, Jianhua Zhang
Summary: The UAB Nathan Shock Center focuses on comparative energetics and aging, with a focus on the link between energetics and aging in terms of dysregulated mitochondrial function, altered metabolic signaling, and aberrant nutrient responsiveness with increasing age. The center offers world-class expertise in comprehensive energetic assessment and analysis, as well as state-of-the-art data analytics through its three research cores.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel L. Smith, Rebecca L. Hanson, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Xiwei Chen, Amy M. Goss, John B. Cleek, W. Timothy Garvey, David B. Allison
Summary: The study found no significant differences in body weight, fat mass, or glucoregulatory biomarkers after 30 days of increased potato consumption compared to almond consumption. The results do not support a causal relationship between increased French fried potato consumption and negative health outcomes studied.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Michael B. Williams, Lacey N. Dennis-Cornelius, Nathan D. Miyasaki, Robert J. Barry, Mickie L. Powell, Robert A. Makowsky, Lauren A. Fowler, Stephen A. Watts, Daniel L. Smith
Summary: The interaction of dietary macronutrients, specifically the amount and sources of protein, has significant effects on growth and body composition outcomes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering dietary composition when establishing nutritional guidelines for Zebrafish.
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sophie B. Chehade, George B. H. Green, Christopher D. Graham, Ayanabha Chakraborti, Bijal Vashai, Amber Moon, Michael B. Williams, Benjamin Vickers, Taylor Berryhill, William van der Pol, Landon Wilson, Mickie L. Powell, Daniel L. Smith, Stephen Barnes, Casey Morrow, M. Shahid Mukhtar, Gregory D. Kennedy, James A. Bibb, Stephen A. Watts
Summary: Investigations have shown that western dietary patterns play a causative role in obesity and disease pathogenesis, and the quality and quantity of dietary fats and carbohydrates can predict the development of these disorders. Traditional rodent diets do not reflect modern human dietary habits, and high-fat diets used in previous studies did not accurately represent human fat intake levels. Recent research focuses on developing pre-clinical diets that resemble human diets. This study emphasizes the importance of diet quality in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and highlights the need for relevant pre-clinical diets to study chronic diseases affected by western dietary consumption patterns.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Kathryn A. A. Kaiser, Inga Kadish, Thomas van Groen, Daniel L. Smith, Stephanie Dickinson, Beate Henschel, Erik S. S. Parker, Andrew W. W. Brown, David B. B. Allison
Summary: This experiment tested the influence of ghrelin agonism on the longevity of mice. The results showed that ghrelin agonist increased the lifespan of the mice. Further studies are needed to determine the mechanisms behind this effect.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brandon M. Roberts, Sarah E. Deemer, Daniel L. Smith, James A. Mobley, Nicolas Musi, Eric P. Plaisance
Summary: Exogenous ketone ester supplementation can reduce weight and fat mass gains in aged mice, while improving transcriptional and proteomic characteristics of skeletal muscle.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Y. E. Cedillo, T. Kelly, E. Davis, L. Durham, D. L. Smith Jr, R. E. Kennedy, J. R. Fernandez
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of food insecurity on body mass index (BMI) and diet-related behaviors among college students, and whether psychological well-being (PWB) and stress levels mediate this relationship. The findings suggest that food insecurity appears to influence BMI in college students, and this relationship is mediated by disrupted PWB and higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages due to stress.
Article
Cell Biology
Eli Hagedorn, Dean Bunnell, Beate Henschel, Daniel L. Smith, Stephanie Dickinson, Andrew W. Brown, Maria De Luca, Ashley N. Turner, Stanislava Chtarbanova
Summary: Aging increases vulnerability to viral infections and impacts organismal survival. Virus infection modulates host metabolism, but the effect of aging on metabolic reprogramming remains poorly understood. Using a host-virus model, we found that metabolic profile influences viral infection outcomes.
Correction
Cell Biology
Daniella E. Chusyd, Steven N. Austad, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Keisuke Ejima, Gary L. Gadbury, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Richard J. Holden, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Doug Landsittel, Tapan Mehta, J. Michael Oakes, Arthur H. Owora, Greg Pavela, Javier Rojo, Michael W. Sandel, Daniel L. Smith Jr, Colby J. Vorland, Pengcheng Xun, Roger Zoh, David B. Allison
Article
Cell Biology
Daniella E. Chusyd, Steven N. Austad, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Keisuke Ejima, Gary L. Gadbury, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Richard J. Holden, Yasaman Jamshidi-Naeini, Doug Landsittel, Tapan Mehta, J. Michael Oakes, Arthur H. Owora, Greg Pavela, Javier Rojo, Michael W. Sandel, Daniel L. Smith, Colby J. Vorland, Pengcheng Xun, Roger Zoh, David B. Allison
Summary: Investigators traditionally use randomized designs and analysis procedures to make causal inferences about the effects of interventions. However, independence may not hold between an individual's outcome and treatment assignment, as well as the outcomes of other individuals. This article provides examples of interdependency in model organism studies, human trials, and aging research, and discusses methodologic issues and solutions.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Steven N. Austad, Scott Ballinger, Thomas W. Buford, Christy S. Carter, Daniel L. Smith, Victor Darley-Usmar, Jianhua Zhang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, has no cure. Strategies targeting the reduction of amyloid beta or hyperphosphorylated Tau protein have largely failed in clinical trials, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Recent data suggest that mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response (ISR) in response to environmental stress, which has shown benefits for healthy aging and neuroprotection. Partial inhibition of mitochondrial complex I has emerged as a promising strategy for multiple human conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, with ongoing clinical trials. Additionally, there is increasing awareness of the differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to biological sex, microbiome, and circadian regulation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, quality control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses is crucial for AD therapeutic interventions.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisa Enriquez-Hesles, Daniel L. Smith, Nazif Maqani, Margaret B. Wierman, Matthew D. Sutcliffe, Ryan D. Fine, Agata Kalita, Sean M. Santos, Michael J. Muehlbauer, James R. Bain, Kevin A. Janes, John L. Hartman, Matthew D. Hirschey, Jeffrey S. Smith
Summary: Caloric restriction has been shown to improve the health span and life span of various organisms by influencing the metabolism of specific amino acids, such as L-serine, through the one-carbon metabolism pathway. This mechanism suggests a potential non-cell-autonomous regulation of life span, providing insights into interventions for aging-associated diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)