Review
Oncology
Carlo Sorrentino, Emma Di Carlo
Summary: Recent studies have emphasized the importance of molecular targeted therapies in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. These therapies aim to block specific molecules and related pathways in cancer cells or their microenvironment to inhibit their growth and spread while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. The review discusses the characteristics, efficacy, and limitations of these therapies, some of which are already approved for clinical use, while others are still in clinical trials or pre-clinical development. It also explores future research perspectives, including combining traditional drugs and using nanomedicine for selective release at the tumor site, to improve tolerability and efficacy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
O. Ngozi Nwaefulu, S. Rao Sagineedu, M. Kaisarul Islam, J. Stanslas
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a difficult-to-treat disease with a high fatality rate. End-stage pancreatic cancer currently has no specific treatment, but surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can extend patients' survival. This article summarizes various targeted therapies for pancreatic cancer, including the use of inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Akira Ooki, Hiroki Osumi, Koshiro Fukuda, Kensei Yamaguchi
Summary: Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) with neuroendocrine differentiation can occur in various organs. They are divided into well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs), each with distinct etiology, molecular profile, and clinicopathological features. While most NECs originate in the lungs, extrapulmonary NECs are mostly found in the gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) system. There is an urgent need for effective therapeutic agents as platinum-based chemotherapy has limited clinical benefits and poor prognosis. The rarity and lack of knowledge about GEP-NECs have hindered the development of molecular-targeted therapies. This review summarizes the biology, current treatments, and molecular profiles of GEP-NECs based on comprehensive molecular analyses and identifies potential therapeutic targets for future precision medicine based on recent clinical trial results.
CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Anthony Turpin, Cindy Neuzillet, Elise Colle, Nelson Dusetti, Remy Nicolle, Jerome Cros, Louis de Mestier, Jean-Baptiste Bachet, Pascal Hammel
Summary: Mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is increasing worldwide and there is an urgent need for effective new treatments. The current treatment for fit patients with metastatic PDAC is based on two chemotherapy combinations that were validated more than 8 years ago. Although treatments targeting specific molecular alterations have largely failed in unselected patients, encouraging results have been observed in subpopulations with certain mutations or gene fusions. Targeted tumor metabolism therapies and immunotherapy have been disappointing but are still being investigated in combination with other drugs. Optimizing pharmacokinetics and adapting available chemotherapies based on molecular signatures are promising avenues of research. Continuous search for actionable vulnerabilities in PDAC tumor cells and microenvironments may lead to more personalized therapeutic approaches.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Zhiying Luo, Yu Sheng, Chenyi Jiang, Ying Pan, Xiaoxiong Wang, Ali Nezamzadeh-Ejhieh, Jie Ouyang, Chengyu Lu, Jianqiang Liu
Summary: This paper presents the latest applications of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in various cancer therapies, particularly focusing on breast cancer. It covers chemodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and combination therapy. The advantages and disadvantages of combination therapy are discussed, aiming to illustrate the potential of MOFs in cancer treatment and provide reflections on the latest research results.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Rahul S. S. Bhansali, Keith W. W. Pratz, Catherine Lai
Summary: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common acute leukemia in adults, has seen significant advancements in understanding its molecular profile and treatment options in the past decade. The classification of AML subtypes has shifted from morphology to molecular and genetic basis, leading to improved outcomes with low-intensity induction therapy and targeted oral therapies. However, challenges remain in sequencing and combining therapies, as well as addressing poor prognosis in certain subtypes like TP53 mutations. This review discusses recent updates in AML classification, low-intensity and novel oral combination therapies, and ongoing translational advances for high-risk disease subtypes.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
M. S. Remand, A. Pellat, C. Brezault, M. Dhooge, R. Coriat
Summary: Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging disease with low tumor mutational burden and KRAS mutations. Chemotherapy such as FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel can improve survival, with certain mutations showing better responses. Maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors enhances progression-free survival, and Sotorasib is effective against KRAS G12C mutations. Combining targeted therapies with chemotherapy holds promise but lacks clinical evidence. Checkpoint inhibitors are ineffective, and other immunotherapies require further evaluation.
Article
Primary Health Care
Claire Elizabeth Powers Smith, Vinayak Prasad
Summary: Targeted cancer therapies involve attacking specific genetic biomarkers found in certain cancers, and includes monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapy. While these therapies have improved survival for some incurable cancers, only a small percentage of patients qualify for targeted oncology medications and fewer actually benefit.
AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Rossella Reddavid, Simona Dagatti, Caterina Franco, Lucia Puca, Mariano Tomatis, Simona Corso, Silvia Giordano, Maurizio Degiuli
Summary: Despite the addition of molecular therapy in the clinical treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer, the survival benefits of these novel therapies remain rather unclear, possibly due to inaccurate patient selection.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ilana Schlam, Paolo Tarantino, Stefania Morganti, Filipa Lynce, Dario Trapani, Erica L. Mayer, Ana C. Garrido-Castro, Ada Waks, Sara M. Tolaney
Summary: Breast cancer is a common and deadly disease in the US, and recent advancements in treatment for early-stage breast cancer include the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for triple-negative breast cancer and CDK4/6 inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive disease. Additionally, adjuvant olaparib has shown significant improvement in outcomes for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations and high-risk HER2-negative breast cancer.
Review
Oncology
Ephraim E. Parent, Adam M. Kase
Summary: This review explores the use of targeted radionuclide therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Lu-177 PSMA-617 and (RaCl2)-Ra-223 are commonly used therapies, but there is a lack of guidance on how to best utilize these treatments. The article also introduces other less well-known targeted radionuclide therapies.
Review
Oncology
Sahar F. Bannoura, Husain Yar Khan, Asfar S. Azmi
Summary: KRAS mutations are common in cancer, and recent advancements have shown that small molecule inhibitors can be developed against KRAS G12C, although there is still no agent to target KRAS G12D. However, significant progress has been made in developing compounds that can bind to and inhibit KRAS G12D, including MRTX1133. Additionally, an immunotherapeutic approach using adoptive T-cell transfer has shown promise in targeting G12D in pancreatic cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Andrew B. Katims, Peter A. Reisz, Lucas Nogueira, Hong Truong, Andrew T. Lenis, Eugene J. Pietzak, Kwanghee Kim, Jonathan A. Coleman
Summary: Urothelial carcinoma is a malignancy with poor prognosis. The standard treatment is chemotherapy followed by immunotherapy, but the survival outcomes are still unsatisfactory. New targeted therapies have been identified and shown efficacy as second-line treatment, which can be extended to other treatment categories.
Review
Oncology
Thomas J. Ettrich, Thomas Seufferlein
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor prognosis, but chemotherapy has shown improvement in both survival and quality of life. Recent advancements include effective combination therapy options and targeted treatments for specific genetic mutations, highlighting the importance of early genetic testing for better treatment decisions.
CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Alaa Y. Bazeed, Candace M. Day, Sanjay Garg
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a global health burden with low survival rates. Local interventions that target the tumor site have gained interest as alternatives to systemic therapy. This review discusses current locoregional therapies and provides insights into potential improvements.
