Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas G. James, Shiazah Malik, Bethany J. Sanstrum, Catherine Rheaume, Ron S. Broide, David M. Jameson, Amy Brideau-Andersen, Birgitte S. Jacky
Summary: The study demonstrates that recombinant H(C)/A can induce FGFR dimerization, potentially affecting the function of FGFRs directly or indirectly.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Michel R. Popoff, Holger Bruggemann
Summary: Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani are bacteria that produce potent neurotoxins and cause paralysis. The synthesis of neurotoxins is regulated by complex networks involving environmental factors, nutrition, and regulatory pathways.
Article
Microbiology
Brooke Kathryn Bowe, Travis Gwynn Wentz, Brieana Marie Gregg, William Howard Tepp, Kristin Marie Schill, Shashi Sharma, Sabine Pellett
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria, are the causative agent of botulism. Foodborne botulism occurs when contaminated food containing BoNTs is consumed. This study investigated a cocktail of ten C. botulinum strains and found that it resulted in high levels of toxin production.
Review
Immunology
Alexander M. Rawson, Andrew W. Dempster, Christopher M. Humphreys, Nigel P. Minton
Summary: Clostridium botulinum is a bacteria that is classified based on its ability to produce botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). BoNT is the main virulence factor and the cause of botulism, a potentially fatal disease characterized by paralysis. The BoNT is used for medical treatments and in the cosmetic industry due to its potency and specificity.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Annica Tevell Aberg, Ida Karlsson, Mikael Hedeland
Summary: The Endopep-MS method has been successfully modified and validated for analyzing cattle, horse, and avian liver samples, with the introduction of a combination of a salt washing step and a protease inhibitor cocktail. These modifications resulted in a substantial decrease in interfering signals and an increase in BoNT-specific signals, leading to a substantial improvement in sensitivity, especially for BoNT-C and C/D which are among the most prominent serotypes for animal botulism. Botulism was diagnosed with the new method in liver samples from dead cattle and birds from outbreaks in Sweden.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Lauretta Turin, Marina Michela Piccione, Fabio Crosa, Paola Dall'Ara, Joel Filipe, Laura Zarucco
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are versatile therapeutic compounds for both human and veterinary medicine, offering potential treatment for various syndromes involving the nervous system and muscular disorders. Recent developments in BoNT research focus on understanding their biological and pharmacological characteristics, as well as identifying newly produced BoNT variants. BoNTs' ability to specifically target cells while avoiding others contributes to their high therapeutic potential with minimal side effects.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Travis G. Wentz, Benjamin J. M. Tremblay, Marite Bradshaw, Andrew C. Doxey, Shashi K. Sharma, John-Demian Sauer, Sabine Pellett
Summary: This study used bioinformatic analysis to investigate the CRISPR-Cas systems of 241 strains of C. botulinum and C. sporogenes. The results showed that the CRISPR-Cas systems mainly prevent the transfer of botulinum toxin gene clusters, rather than directly targeting the toxin gene clusters themselves. Additionally, comparative genomics analysis revealed that these genomic features often occupy the same hypervariable loci in both species.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Anna Mertaoja, Gerald Mascher, Maria B. Nowakowska, Hannu Korkeala, Adriano O. Henriques, Miia Lindstrom
Summary: Toxin production and sporulation are key determinants of pathogenesis in Clostridia, and their relationship is neither tightly co-regulated nor strictly independent. The population structure and overall heterogeneity are influenced by growth phase and environmental conditions, with cold temperature inducing greater diversity and cultural stability, possibly related to the adaptation of C. botulinum type E.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Carolina Luquez, Jessica L. Halpin, Janet Dykes
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxin-producing species of Clostridium exhibit high diversity, with at least four different species identified. Non-toxigenic strains closely related to toxigenic strains are likely the same species. Previous proposals to reclassify these organisms have been hindered by the concern of confusion within the healthcare and scientific community.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria B. Nowakowska, Katja Selby, Adina Przykopanski, Maren Krueger, Nadja Krez, Brigitte G. Dorner, Martin B. Dorner, Rongsheng Jin, Nigel P. Minton, Andreas Rummel, Miia Lindstrom
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, are highly toxic substances that can cause botulism. This research developed a safe alternative strain of C. botulinum that produces inactive BoNT, which can be used for public health risk management, food preservation strategies, understanding toxinogenesis, and structural studies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kyle S. Gregory, Tejaswini B. Mahadeva, Sai Man Liu, K. Ravi Acharya
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxins are toxic substances that can cause botulism, but they can also be used to treat neuromuscular conditions. This study reveals the crystal structures of the cell binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin A2 and its interactions with the receptor ganglioside GD1a. The findings provide important insights into the binding mechanism between the toxin and its receptor.
Review
Microbiology
Francois Meurens, Frederic Carlin, Michel Federighi, Maria-Eleni Filippitzi, Matthieu Fournier, Philippe Fravalo, Jean-Pierre Ganiere, Lionel Grisot, Laurent Guillier, Didier Hilaire, Pauline Kooh, Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu, Caroline Le Marechal, Christelle Mazuet, Herve Morvan, Karine Petit, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Cedric Woudstra
Summary: Clostridium botulinum is the main pathogen causing botulism in humans and animals. Different toxinotypes of the bacteria affect different species, with types A, B, and E being commonly found in humans, and types C, D, C/D, and D/C mainly affecting birds and cattle. However, the knowledge about these less common toxinotypes and their impact on animal and human health is limited. This review presents the current understanding of toxinotypes C, D, C/D, and D/C in cattle and poultry, including their epidemiological cycles and zoonotic potential.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebekah P. Dyer, Hariny M. Isoda, Gabriela S. Salcedo, Gaetano Speciale, Madison H. Fletcher, Linh Q. Le, Yi Liu, Karen Brami-Cherrier, Shiazah Z. Malik, Edwin J. Vazquez-Cintron, Andrew C. Chu, David C. Rupp, Birgitte P. S. Jacky, Thu T. M. Nguyen, Benjamin B. Katz, Lance E. Steward, Sudipta Majumdar, Amy D. Brideau-Andersen, Gregory A. Weiss
Summary: A directed evolution method was used to retarget the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A. The resulting variant showed improved specificity and catalytic efficiency for SNAP23 compared to SNAP25. Importantly, the modified toxin retained its ability to cleave SNAP23 and enter neurons.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Heather N'te Inzalaco, William H. Tepp, Chase Fredrick, Marite Bradshaw, Eric A. Johnson, Sabine Pellett
Summary: This study investigates the impact of arginine enrichment on the production and stability of botulinum neurotoxin in Clostridium botulinum cultures, revealing a pH shift induced by arginine that influences posttranslational control mechanisms. Maintenance of an acidic culture pH and the presence of an extracellular metalloprotease also play a role in toxin stability and degradation.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Kyle S. Gregory, K. Ravi Acharya
Summary: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly potent neurotoxins that cause neuromuscular paralysis by cleaving SNARE complex proteins. They have high affinity and specificity for neuromuscular junctions. This review focuses on the structural analysis of the cell-binding domain of different BoNT subtypes, providing insights into their functions and potential therapeutic applications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Rothballer, Matthieu Picot, Tina Sieper, Jan B. A. Arends, Michael Schmid, Anton Hartmann, Nico Boon, Cees J. N. Buisman, Frederic Barriere, David P. B. T. B. Strik
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2015)
Article
Ecology
Stefanie P. Glaeser, Jafargholi Imani, Ibrahim Alabid, Huijuan Guo, Neelendra Kumar, Peter Kaempfer, Martin Hardt, Jochen Blom, Alexander Goesmann, Michael Rothballer, Anton Hartmann, Karl-Heinz Kogel
Article
Immunology
Susanne C. Diesner, Cornelia Bergmayr, Barbara Pfitzner, Vera Assmann, Durga Krishnamurthy, Philipp Starkl, David Endesfelder, Michael Rothballer, Gerhard Welzl, Thomas Rattei, Thomas Eiwegger, Zsolt Szepfalusi, Heinz Fehrenbach, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Anton Hartmann, Isabella Pali-Schoell, Eva Untersmayr
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Ecology
Leila Bensidhoum, Elhafid Nabti, Nassira Tabli, Peter Kupferschmied, Angelo Weiss, Michael Rothballer, Michael Schmid, Christoph Keel, Anton Hartmann
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shengcai Han, Dan Li, Eva Trost, Klaus F. Mayer, A. Corina Vlot, Werner Heller, Michael Schmid, Anton Hartmann, Michael Rothballer
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2016)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francesca Alessandrini, Antje Vennemann, Silvia Gschwendtner, Avidan U. Neumann, Michael Rothballer, Tanja Seher, Maria Wimmer, Susanne Kublik, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Michael Schloter, Martin Wiemann, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
Article
Immunology
Igor Kljujev, Vera Raicevic, Bojana Vujovic, Michael Rothballer, Michael Schmid
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Igor Kljujev, Vera Raicevic, Jelena Jovicic-Petrovic, Bojana Vujovic, Milica Mirkovic, Michael Rothballer
MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS
(2018)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Katharina Buddrus-Schiemann, Martin Rieger, Marlene Muehlbauer, Maria Vittoria Barbarossa, Christina Kuttler, Burkhard A. Hense, Michael Rothballer, Jenny Uhl, Juliano R. Fonseca, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Michael Schmid, Anton Hartmann
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2014)
Article
Ecology
Elhafid Nabti, Leila Bensidhoum, Nacera Tabli, Djamila Dahel, Angelo Weiss, Michael Rothballer, Michael Schmid, Anton Hartmann
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOIL BIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Ecology
Hannelore Daniel, Amin Moghaddas Gholami, David Berry, Charles Desmarchelier, Hannes Hahne, Gunnar Loh, Stanislas Mondot, Patricia Lepage, Michael Rothballer, Alesia Walker, Christoph Boehm, Mareike Wenning, Michael Wagner, Michael Blaut, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Bernhard Kuster, Dirk Haller, Thomas Clavel
Article
Ecology
Alesia Walker, Barbara Pfitzner, Susanne Neschen, Melanie Kahle, Mourad Harir, Marianna Lucio, Franco Moritz, Dimitrios Tziotis, Michael Witting, Michael Rothballer, Marion Engel, Michael Schmid, David Endesfelder, Martin Klingenspor, Thomas Rattei, Wolfgang zu Castell, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Anton Hartmann, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Obersteiner, Stefanie Gilles, Ulrike Frank, Isabelle Beck, Franziska Haering, Dietrich Ernst, Michael Rothballer, Anton Hartmann, Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann, Michael Schmid
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Annette Carola Anderson, Michael Rothballer, Markus Joerg Altenburger, Johan Peter Woelber, Lamprini Karygianni, Ilias Lagkouvardos, Elmar Hellwig, Ali Al-Ahmad
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)