Article
Ophthalmology
Zhichao Yan, Huanquan Liao, Caibin Deng, Yun Zhong, Tasneem Zareen Mayeesa, Yehong Zhuo
Summary: DNA oxidative damage and various repair processes occur in neurons of the LGN, V1, and V2 in the glaucoma model, resulting in the death of LGN neurons.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shraddha Shah, Marc Mancarella, Jacqueline R. Hembrook-Short, Vanessa L. Mock, Farran Briggs
Summary: Attention enhances the selection of behaviorally relevant sensory signals and modulates neuronal activity in visual brain areas, with attention gain magnitudes varying across different brain regions. Discrepancies in attention effects between humans and monkeys are not simply due to species or measurement differences, but rather reflect unique properties of each visual brain area. The feature selectivity of recorded multiunit activity plays a role in attentional modulation across visual brain areas.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hiroki Oishi, Hiromasa Takemura, Kaoru Amano
Summary: This article presents a method for identifying subdivisions of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) using structural magnetic resonance imaging. The validity of the method was confirmed by comparing it with histological data and functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements, as well as analyzing test-retest reliability. The findings suggest that this method is promising for evaluating tissue properties of LGN subdivisions in living humans, enabling further research in neuroscience and clinical applications.
Article
Orthopedics
Anna Kendall, Stina Ekman, Eva Skioldebrand
Summary: NGF receptors and downstream regulator BAX were found to have different expression patterns in synovial membranes from patients with various stages of osteoarthritis (OA). TrkA expression increased in early disease stages, while increases in p75(NTR) were most prominent in later disease stages with cartilage damage and fibrosis.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kevin R. Duffy, Nathan A. Crowder, Arnold J. Heynen, Mark F. Bear
Summary: During a critical period after birth, monocular deprivation (MD) reduces the size of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) connected to the deprived eye and shifts cortical ocular dominance in favor of the non-deprived eye. Temporary inactivation of the non-deprived eye, known as monocular inactivation (MI), can promote better recovery from long-term MD effects compared to conventional occlusion therapy. MI has a significant impact on neuron size in the dLGN, especially when applied during the peak of the critical period. Unlike MD, MI induces structural plasticity in both the binocular and monocular segments of the dLGN. The effectiveness of MI decreases with age but still produces significant effects even beyond the critical period, showing double the magnitude and efficacy compared to MD. The effects of MI can be fully remedied with a short period of binocular experience, leading to full recovery of vision in the previously inactivated eye. These findings highlight the potential of MI to modify the visual pathway and its ability to ameliorate visual system disorders like amblyopia.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Pankowska, Sylwester Matwiejczuk, Paulina Koziol, Tomasz Zarnowski, Radoslaw Pietura, Ewa Kosior-Jarecka
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the central visual pathways during different stages of bilateral normal-tension glaucoma. The results showed that the grey matter thickness increased in the V1 region with more-advanced glaucoma stages, which may indicate compensatory hypertrophy. Additionally, the early affected regions in glaucoma included the right lateral occipital gyrus and left lingual gyrus.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Satoru Kondo, Yuko Kiyohara, Kenichi Ohki
Summary: This study investigates the influence of thalamic inputs- lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and lateral posterior nucleus (LPN)- on the response selectivity of neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex (V1). The results show that LPN axons terminate primarily in layers 1 and 5 of V1, while LGN axons mainly terminate in layer 4. LPN axons send highly orientation- and direction-selective inputs to all layers of V1, whereas LGN axons send selective inputs primarily to layers 1 and 2/3. The distribution of preferred orientation and direction is biased in LPN axons but less biased in LGN axons. Both LPN and LGN axons send selective inputs in terms of spatial frequency tuning, but LPN axons exhibit a more diverse distribution of preferred spatial frequency.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Cyril Fabian Simmen, Fabienne Catherine Fierz, Lars Michels, Njoud Aldusary, Klara Landau, Marco Piccirelli, Ghislaine Lieselotte Traber
Summary: This study quantitatively assessed the volume loss of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in patients with postgeniculate lesions using a newly developed magnetic resonance imaging protocol, and found a correlation between LGN volume decrease and ganglion cell layer thickness reduction.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristin M. Barry, Donald Robertson, Wilhelmina H. A. M. Mulders
Summary: This study examines the impact of peripheral deafferentation on the central nervous system in the adult auditory system, focusing on the functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and MGN. Results suggest a compensatory mechanism after cochlear trauma to increase sensory gating and prevent altered activity from reaching the cortex.
Article
Neurosciences
Sayumi Okigawa, Masahiro Yamaguchi, Kei N. Ito, Ryosuke F. Takeuchi, Nao Morimoto, Fumitaka Osakada
Summary: Over 40 distinct types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) generate parallel processing pathways in the visual system. In mice, two subdivisions of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), the core and the shell, organize distinct parallel channels to transmit visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex (V1). This study provides anatomical evidence of the cell type- and layer-specific convergence in dLGN core and shell neurons. These findings suggest that dLGN core neurons integrate and process more multimodal information along with visual information than shell neurons and that LGN core and shell neurons integrate different types of information, send their own convergent information to discrete populations of the V1, and differentially contribute to visual perception and behavior.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Rongyi Zhou, Xinyue Xie, Jiaojiao Wang, Bingxiang Ma, Xin Hao
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social functioning. Children with ASD show abnormalities in visual orientation, exploration, and perception, leading to social dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying these abnormalities and their relationship to abnormal visual information transmission and visual cortex development in early life are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the abnormal visual symptoms in ASD and provide suggestions for future research.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giovanna Testa, Marco Mainardi, Eleonora Vannini, Laura Pancrazi, Antonino Cattaneo, Mario Costa
Summary: The binding of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the receptors TrkA and p75(NTR) activates multiple pathways, regulating processes such as proliferation, differentiation, membrane potential, synaptic plasticity, and pain. In this study, PC12 cells lacking TrkA, p75(NTR), or both were created using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. TrkA-null cells were unresponsive to NGF, while the absence of p75(NTR) enhanced the phosphorylation of TrkA and its effectors. Activation of TrkA and p75(NTR) by NGF had antagonizing effects on the membrane potential, as demonstrated by patch-clamp experiments.
Article
Neurosciences
Christa Mueller-Axt, Cornelius Eichner, Henriette Rusch, Louise Kauffmann, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Alfred Anwander, Markus Morawski, Katharina von Kriegstein
Summary: This study demonstrates that quantitative MRI methods can be used to assess the microstructural features of the human lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and its subdivisions, providing insights into the functional and structural characteristics of the LGN in humans.
Article
Cell Biology
Marta Dahlstrom, Nather Madjid, Gunnar Nordvall, Magnus M. Halldin, Erika Vazquez-Juarez, Maria Lindskog, Johan Sandin, Bengt Winblad, Maria Eriksdotter, Pontus Forsell
Summary: The research team has identified a novel mechanism to modulate the activity of Trk receptors, and demonstrated that ACD855 and ACD856 act as cognitive enhancers in various behavioral models, showing significant effects on 18-month-old mice and potentially having implications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other cognitive impairment diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
Norihiro Takakuwa, Kaoru Isa, Hirotaka Onoe, Jun Takahashi, Tadashi Isa
Summary: Blindsight is a phenomenon where some patients can respond to visual stimuli in their lesion-affected visual field even after damage to the primary visual cortex (V1). The study used pharmacological inactivation of the pulvinar and LGN to clarify their roles in a simple visually guided saccades task, finding that both regions play key roles in performing the task after V1 lesioning.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Viviana Triaca, Valentina Sposato, Giulia Bolasco, Maria Teresa Ciotti, Piergiuseppe Pelicci, Amalia C. Bruni, Chiara Cupidi, Raffaele Maletta, Marco Feligioni, Robert Nistico, Nadia Canu, Pietro Calissano
Article
Ophthalmology
Valentina Sposato, Alfonso Iovieno, Federica Sornelli, Luigi Aloe
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Ophthalmology
Marco Coassin, Alessandro Lambiase, Valentina Sposato, Alessandra Micera, Stefano Bonini, Luigi Aloe
GRAEFES ARCHIVE FOR CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2008)
Article
Ophthalmology
Valeria Colafrancesco, Vincenzo Parisi, Valentina Sposato, Simona Rossi, Matteo Antonio Russo, Marco Coassin, Alessandro Lambiase, Luigi Aloe
JOURNAL OF GLAUCOMA
(2011)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucia Pagani, Carlo Cenciarelli, Patrizia Casalbore, Manuela Budoni, Valentina Sposato, Luigi Aloe
NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2008)
Article
Neurosciences
Valentina Sposato, Massimo Gilberto Bucci, Marco Coassin, Matteo Antonio Russo, Alessandro Lambiase, Luigi Aloe
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2008)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Viviana Triaca, Elena Fico, Valentina Sposato, Silvia Caioli, Maria Teresa Ciotti, Cristina Zona, Delio Mercanti, Diego La Mendola, Cristina Satriano, Enrico Rizzarelli, Paola Tirassa, Pietro Calissano
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alessandro Lambiase, Marco Coassin, Valentina Sposato, Alessandra Micera, Marta Sacchetti, Stefano Bonini, Luigi Aloe
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2007)
Article
Neurosciences
V. Sposato, L. Manni, G. N. Chaldakov, L. Aloe
ARCHIVES ITALIENNES DE BIOLOGIE
(2007)
Article
Neurosciences
Alessandro Lambiase, Lucia Pagani, Veronica Di Fausto, Valentina Sposato, Marco Coassin, Stefano Bonini, Luigi Aloe
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
A Doria, GP Gallerano, E Giovenale, G Messina, A Lai, A Ramundo-Orlando, V Sposato, M D'Arienzo, A Perrotta, M Romanò, M Sarti, MR Scarfi, I Spassovsky, O Zeni
INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
(2004)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan P. Silk, Hanagh R. Winter, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Carmella Evans -Molina, Alan W. Stitt, Vijay K. Tiwari, David A. Simpson, Eleni Beli
Summary: This study investigates whether diabetes affects the daily rhythm of gene expression in the retina. The results show that diabetic mice exhibited phase advancement in the expression of certain genes compared to non-diabetic mice. The study also identified oxygen-sensing mechanisms and HIF1alpha as potential upstream regulators. These findings provide important insights into the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Neurosciences
Krishnamachari S. Prahalad, Daniel R. Coates
Summary: Visual stimuli presented around the time of a saccade can be perceived differently by the visual system, including a reduction in the harmful impact of flankers. This study investigated the effects of microsaccades on crowded stimuli placed 20 arc minutes from the center of gaze. The findings suggest two separate pre-saccadic benefits, one that regularizes the crowding zone and another that specifically benefits microsaccade targets surrounded by tangential flankers.
Article
Neurosciences
Chandrika Ravisankar, Christopher W. Tyler, Clifton M. Schor, Shrikant R. Bharadwaj
Summary: This study revealed that less than one-third of adults with normal binocular vision were able to successfully free-fuse random-dot image pairs and identify the embedded stereoscopic shapes. The successful participants showed a dissociation of vergence and accommodative responses, while the unsuccessful ones either exhibited strong vergence and accommodation or weak vergence and strong accommodation. Task performance of the unsuccessful cluster improved significantly with pharmacological paralysis of accommodation. A minority of participants also learned to dissociate one direction of their vergence and accommodation crosslinks with repeated free-fusion trials, optimizing their task performance.
