Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Fariz Ikhwantri, Jan Wira Gotama Putra, Hiroaki Yamada, Takenobu Tokunaga
Summary: This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the relationship between different interpretation methods and human eye-movement behavior in various tasks and architectures. The study compares machine behavior with human behavior, aiming to improve machine performance by minimizing the differences. Examining sentiment analysis, relation classification, and question answering tasks, the research analyzes four interpretation methods and three architectures using eye-gaze annotated datasets. The findings indicate variable effects of saliency conformity on model performance, suggesting considerations when utilizing eye-gaze information for training models.
INFORMATION PROCESSING & MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xiaoming Wang, Xinbo Zhao, Yanning Zhang
Summary: Eye-movement recognition is a new type of biometric recognition technology that focuses on reading eye movements. A computational model for reading eye-movement recognition (REMR) was constructed using deep learning framework to identify human subjects. Experimental results showed high recognition accuracy in test sets.
Article
Neurosciences
Xiao-Wei Li, Shan Li, Lei Gao, Zi-Bei Niu, Dan-Hui Wang, Man Zeng, Tian-Zhi Li, Xue-Jun Bai, Xiao-Lei Gao
Summary: Through two experiments, we investigated the effects of word length and frequency on eye movement control during Tibetan reading. The results showed that word length and frequency significantly influenced fixation duration and landing position, and revealed the preferred viewing locations in Tibetan reading.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Hend Lahoud, David L. Share, Adi Shechter
Summary: Previous studies have shown that eye movements during reading reflect cognitive processes. This study investigates the link between visual word recognition and eye movements in Hebrew, a non-European language with a non-alphabetic script. The results highlight both universal aspects of word reading as well as language-specific effects related to the unique features of the Semitic abjad.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Michael A. A. Eskenazi
Summary: One challenge in studying eye movement behavior is deciding how to clean the eye movement data before conducting analyses. This project aimed to determine commonly used data cleaning methods and their consequences. Inconsistencies were found in the reporting and application of data cleaning methods among published articles. The impact of different data cleaning methods on commonly studied effects in reading research was analyzed, showing that the effects remained significant with each method.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wei Zhou, Sile Wang, Ming Yan
Summary: This study used eye tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural mechanism of natural sentence reading in Chinese. The results showed that reading Chinese sentences activates ventral visual, dorsal attention, and semantic brain regions, which are modulated by word properties. The activity pattern in the left middle temporal gyrus can predict the visual layout categories, and there are bidirectional brain connections between the left middle temporal gyrus and the left inferior occipital cortex in unspaced Chinese sentence reading.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Xuesong Chen, Jiaxin Mao, Yiqun Liu, Min Zhang, Shaoping Ma
Summary: In this study, researchers recorded users' fine-grained reading behaviors during microblog sentiment classification and analyzed the differences between human and machine attention distributions and the differences in human attention while performing different tasks. They found that sentiment judgment is more like an auxiliary task of content comprehension for humans and people have different reading behavior patterns while reading microblog posts with varying labels of sentiment. Based on these findings, they built a human behavior-inspired sentiment prediction model for microblog posts and experiment results showed its superiority over existing solutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING AND CYBERNETICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Min Chang, Kuo Zhang, Yue Sun, Sha Li, Jingxin Wang
Summary: Previous research has shown that graded pre-activation is more likely to be the mechanism for the word predictability effect in English. However, it is unknown whether the same mechanism exists in Chinese reading. This study examined the generality of graded pre-activation in Chinese reading and found that it does underlie the predictability effect. Using eye tracking, the researchers manipulated contextual constraint and word predictability to investigate the prediction error cost.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martina Micai, Mila Vulchanova, David Saldana
Summary: The study found that individuals with ASD lack the ability to adapt reading strategies to different reading goals, and difficulties in attention, planning, and evaluation may be partly involved in the reading comprehension problems in autism. The control group demonstrated greater flexibility in adopting different reading strategies according to different reading goals compared to the ASD group.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stefan Seelig, Sarah Risse, Ralf Engbert
Summary: Skilled reading requires information processing of both fixated and not-yet-fixated words. Experimental evidence suggests distributed word processing across the perceptual span, allowing recognition of fixated words as well as preview of parafoveal words. Mathematical modeling of data from gaze-contingent experiments helps identify the pathways from parafoveal information processing to gaze control, revealing potential mechanisms underlying eye-movement control.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sarah Schuster, Nicole Alexandra Himmelstoss, Florian Hutzler, Fabio Richlan, Martin Kronbichler, Stefan Hawelka
Summary: This study investigated the hemodynamic effects of predictive processing during natural reading by combining fMRI and eye movement recordings. The results suggest an effect of precision on prediction update in higher (lexico-)semantic levels, but no disproportionate reading times on participants' eye movements were observed. The findings do not support discrete predictions, favoring the idea that multiple words are activated in parallel during reading.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brice Brossette, Jonathan Grainger, Bernard Lete, Stephane Dufau
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the key component processes of reading comprehension at the letter, word, and sentence levels in adult readers. The results show significant correlations between adjacent levels and no correlation between non-adjacent levels. This offers a new benchmark for evaluating computational models of reading comprehension.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lijuan Zhang, Zhiwei Liu, Sainan Zhao, Jingxin Wang
Summary: Skilled readers can benefit from semantically related preview words to achieve efficient reading, but whether this benefit is due to the semantic association or contextual fit is still debated. This study manipulated preview plausibility and semantic relatedness independently and controlled for syntactic plausibility. The results showed shorter reading times for target words in the plausible preview condition, but the effect of semantic relatedness was only found in gaze duration. The findings suggest that semantic plausibility plays a more important role in Chinese reading, supporting the contextual fit account.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Feng Shao, Tianjiao Lu, Xiuchao Wang, Zhenfu Liu, Yuting Zhang, Xufeng Liu, Shengjun Wu
Summary: This study investigated the relationship among attention span, instrument reading, and eye movement mode among pilots. The results showed a direct correlation between attention span and instrument reading, with a significant impact on attention allocation during take-off. Integration training for attention ability with instrument reading may lead to more efficient pilot performance.
APPLIED ERGONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Gregory P. Hindmarsh, Alex A. Black, Sonia L. J. White, Shelley Hopkins, Joanne M. Wood
Summary: The study found that children with below average reading ability demonstrate poorer control of vertical and horizontal eye movements compared to children with average or above reading ability, showing more interline eye movements, fewer expected forward saccades, and longer fixation durations.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology
Xinyi Xia, Yanping Liu, Lili Yu, Erik D. Reichle
Summary: The Chinese writing system poses challenges to readers in terms of eye movement control due to the lack of clear word boundaries. This article reports two eye-movement experiments that aim to investigate the default-targeting hypothesis in Chinese reading. The results suggest the absence of preferred-viewing locations (PVLs) and support the dynamic-adjustment hypothesis as the best account of saccadic-targeting during Chinese reading.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Jianping Xiong, Lili Yu, Aaron Veldre, Erik D. Reichle, Sally Andrews
Summary: This study examined the effects of word and character frequency on word identification tasks. Word frequency had a facilitatory effect across all tasks, while character frequency had different effects depending on the task. Participants' performance varied across tasks but was relatively reliable within certain tasks.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
James Simpson, Patrick Nalepka, Rachel W. Kallen, Mark Dras, Erik D. Reichle, Simon G. Hosking, Christopher Best, Deborah Richards, Michael J. Richardson
Summary: This study investigates the verbal and behavioral coordination of player teams in cooperative online video games. It shows that demands on coordination can be manipulated by adjusting players' visibility of the game environment, and that categorical recurrence quantification analysis (catRQA) is an effective tool for measuring team communication dynamics.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Aaron Veldre, Erik D. Reichle, Lili Yu, Sally Andrews
Summary: This article translates and summarizes a study on the effects of visual constraints on lexical processing. Through eye-movement experiments and simulations, the study provides accurate estimates and insights into eye-movement control during reading.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Patrick Nalepka, Matthew Prants, Hamish Stening, James Simpson, Rachel W. Kallen, Mark Dras, Erik D. Reichle, Simon G. Hosking, Christopher Best, Michael J. Richardson
Summary: Teamwork allows for more efficient task completion by utilizing effective division of labor strategies and coordination among team members. The structure of search behavior was found to be sensitive to contextual factors and was associated with task performance improvements as teams developed more effective coordination strategies.
Article
Psychology
Sally Andrews, Aaron Veldre, Roslyn Wong, Lili Yu, Erik D. Reichle
Summary: This study investigated the impact of task demands and aging on predictability effects for short natural texts. The results suggested that young adults utilized prediction strategies to detect errors, while older adults did not. Both age groups showed faster reading times for unexpected words in high-constraint within-sentence positions.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Signy Wegener, Hua-Chen Wang, Elisabeth Beyersmann, Erik D. Reichle, Kate Nation, Anne Castles
Summary: Little is known about the influence of temporal spacing on orthographic form learning. This experiment compared the spacing effect on written word form learning across three different outcome measures. The results showed that temporal spacing significantly influenced orthographic form learning, regardless of the outcome measure used.
READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY
(2023)
Article
Psychology
Aaron Veldre, Erik D. Reichle, Lili Yu, Sally Andrews
Summary: This article reports six experiments investigating word-identification accuracy and latency in response to speeded binary decisions about letter strings displayed for 100 versus 300 ms at different retinal eccentricities. The findings indicate that lexical-processing performance decreases with eccentricity but to a lesser degree for words displayed in the right visual field. Additionally, the effect of eccentricity is attenuated for tasks requiring deep semantic judgments compared to tasks requiring shallow letter or lexical processing.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN PERCEPTION AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Diane C. Meziere, Lili Yu, Erik D. Reichle, Titus von Der Malsburg, Genevieve McArthur
Summary: This study examined the potential of eye-tracking as a tool for assessing reading comprehension. The results showed that eye-tracking measures explained significantly more variance than reading-speed data, supporting the idea that reading comprehension tests measure different cognitive processes. It also suggests that eye-tracking may provide a useful alternative for measuring reading comprehension.
READING RESEARCH QUARTERLY
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Diane C. Meziere, Lili Yu, Genevieve McArthur, Erik D. Reichle, Titus von der Malsburg
Summary: Recent research suggests that the relationship between standard eye-tracking measures and reading comprehension is influenced by differences in task demands. In this study, the researchers compared standard eye-tracking measures and scanpath regularity as predictors of reading comprehension scores. The results showed that both types of eye-tracking measures made unique contributions as predictors of comprehension, and the best set of predictors included both standard eye-tracking measures and at least one scanpath measure. These findings highlight the importance of considering reading goals and task demands when interpreting eye-tracking data.
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Lili Yu, Yanping Liu, Erik D. Reichle
Summary: This study investigates the relative roles of character versus whole-word processing in Chinese word identification through an eye-movement experiment, revealing that high-frequency initial characters may actually slow down word identification. The findings have implications for current models of Chinese reading and lead to the development of a new computational model of eye-movement control during Chinese reading.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Sixin Liao, Lili Yu, Erik D. Reichle, Jan-Louis Kruger
Summary: The study found that participants adjust their visual routines to prioritize reading subtitles while also viewing video content. Decisions about eye movements are influenced by both local and global task demands, indicating an integration of local and global eye movement control.
SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF READING
(2021)
Article
Language & Linguistics
Ehab W. Hermena, Erik D. Reichle
LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS COMPASS
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Aaron Veldre, Erik D. Reichle, Roslyn Wong, Sally Andrews
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Yanping Liu, Lili Yu, Le Fu, Wenwen Li, Ziyi Duan, Erik D. Reichle
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Ryan P. Silk, Hanagh R. Winter, Ouria Dkhissi-Benyahya, Carmella Evans -Molina, Alan W. Stitt, Vijay K. Tiwari, David A. Simpson, Eleni Beli
Summary: This study investigates whether diabetes affects the daily rhythm of gene expression in the retina. The results show that diabetic mice exhibited phase advancement in the expression of certain genes compared to non-diabetic mice. The study also identified oxygen-sensing mechanisms and HIF1alpha as potential upstream regulators. These findings provide important insights into the development of diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Neurosciences
Krishnamachari S. Prahalad, Daniel R. Coates
Summary: Visual stimuli presented around the time of a saccade can be perceived differently by the visual system, including a reduction in the harmful impact of flankers. This study investigated the effects of microsaccades on crowded stimuli placed 20 arc minutes from the center of gaze. The findings suggest two separate pre-saccadic benefits, one that regularizes the crowding zone and another that specifically benefits microsaccade targets surrounded by tangential flankers.
Article
Neurosciences
Chandrika Ravisankar, Christopher W. Tyler, Clifton M. Schor, Shrikant R. Bharadwaj
Summary: This study revealed that less than one-third of adults with normal binocular vision were able to successfully free-fuse random-dot image pairs and identify the embedded stereoscopic shapes. The successful participants showed a dissociation of vergence and accommodative responses, while the unsuccessful ones either exhibited strong vergence and accommodation or weak vergence and strong accommodation. Task performance of the unsuccessful cluster improved significantly with pharmacological paralysis of accommodation. A minority of participants also learned to dissociate one direction of their vergence and accommodation crosslinks with repeated free-fusion trials, optimizing their task performance.
