Review
Virology
Nithya Jambunathan, Carolyn M. Clark, Farhana Musarrat, Vladimir N. Chouljenko, Jared Rudd, Konstantin G. Kousoulas
Summary: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are prototypical alphaherpesviruses that infect neurons and establish lifelong latent infections. They cause orofacial and ocular infections, genital and neonatal infections respectively. The viral glycoproteins bind to cellular receptors to enter cells and mediate cell-to-cell fusion for virus spread. The complex of viral glycoproteins and cellular receptors play a critical role in virus entry and spread.
Article
Virology
Qing Fan, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. Connolly
Summary: The viral fusion protein glycoprotein B (gB) is essential for virus entry in all herpesviruses. By introducing structure-based mutations, researchers identified mutations that counteracted a slow-entry phenotype in the virus and found that these mutations were located in different regions of the gB protein.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Katrina A. Gianopulos, Tri Komala Sari, Darin J. Weed, Suzanne M. Pritchard, Anthony Nicola
Summary: Low endosomal pH facilitates herpesvirus entry in a cell-specific manner. The gC protein of HSV-1 plays a critical role in low-pH entry pathway by regulating the conformational changes of viral envelope glycoprotein B (gB). This study reveals that low pH triggers conformational changes in gC itself, and a specific gC epitope is important for low-pH entry inhibition.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Ye Liu, Qiao You, Fang Zhang, Deyan Chen, Zhenping Huang, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Harringtonine (HT) significantly inhibited HSV-1 infection and two ACV-resistant strains by mainly targeting HVEM and reducing the early stage of HSV-1 infection. The study demonstrated that HT could be a promising therapeutic candidate for mitigating HSV-1-induced pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Hitomi Ikeda, Hiroaki Uchida, Yu Okubo, Tomoko Shibata, Yasuhiko Sasaki, Takuma Suzuki, Mika Hamada-Uematsu, Ryota Hamasaki, Kosaku Okuda, Miki Yamaguchi, Masaki Kojima, Masato Tanaka, Hirofumi Hamada, Hideaki Tahara
Summary: Our study demonstrates the development of a novel antibody-screening system for identifying unique molecules that mediate virus entry via non-authentic receptors, potentially contributing to the discovery of new targets for retargeted oncolytic HSVs.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Qing Fan, Daniel P. Hippler, Yueqi Yang, Richard Longnecker, Sarah A. A. Connolly
Summary: This study reveals that two mutations in gH (H789Y and S830N) contribute to the activation of gB during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) entry into cells. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional interactions between gH/gL and gB.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Andrea Civra, Matteo Costantino, Giulia Ronchi, Lorenzo Pontini, Giuseppe Poli, Maura Marinozzi, David Lembo
Summary: By screening a library of oxysterol analogs, three compounds, namely PFM064, PFM067, and PFM069, were found to have micromolar EC50 values against HSV-2 without cytotoxicity. Further investigation revealed that PFM067 acts in the late stage of the HSV-2 replicative cycle by sequestering viral glycoproteins in the Golgi compartment, potentially inhibiting the nuclear egress of newly synthesized viral capsids. These findings suggest that PFM067 could serve as a promising chemical scaffold for the development of novel herpetic antivirals.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jingjing Zhang, Xingli Xu, Suqin Duan, Yang Gao, Danjing Ma, Rong Yue, Fengyuan Zeng, Xueqi Li, Ziyan Meng, Xinghang Li, Zhenye Niu, Guorun Jiang, Li Yu, Yun Liao, Dandan Li, Lichun Wang, Heng Zhao, Ying Zhang, Qihan Li
Summary: This study revealed the strategy of how HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells interferes with the immune system, by investigating the impact of virus infection on both innate and adaptive immunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Barbara Schwertner, Georg Lindner, Camila Toledo Stauner, Elisa Klapproth, Clara Magnus, Anette Rohrhofer, Stefanie Gross, Beatrice Schuler-Thurner, Veronika Oettl, Nicole Feichtgruber, Konstantin Drexler, Katja Evert, Michael P. Krahn, Mark Berneburg, Barbara Schmidt, Philipp Schuster, Sebastian Haferkamp
Summary: Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC), an oncolytic herpes simplex virus, has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of melanoma, with Nectin-1 expression serving as a predictor of treatment outcome, while HVEM, cGAS, and STING are not prognostic factors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Pezzotti, Eriko Ohgitani, Hayata Imamura, Saki Ikegami, Masaharu Shin-Ya, Tetsuya Adachi, Keiji Adachi, Toshiro Yamamoto, Narisato Kanamura, Elia Marin, Wenliang Zhu, Koichiro Higasa, Yoshiki Yasukochi, Kazu Okuma, Osam Mazda
Summary: Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate structural differences between HSV-1 and EBV. The results showed significant differences in structure, mainly attributed to the presence of carbohydrates in the glycoproteins of EBV virions. The Raman spectra also revealed variations in specific tyrosine and tryptophan bands, which were sensitive to the pH at the virion/environment interface. This study confirms the importance of Raman spectroscopy in addressing structural questions in virology and differentiating between virus types and strains.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Mizuki Watanabe, Jun Arii, Kosuke Takeshima, Ayano Fukui, Masayuki Shimojima, Hiroko Kozuka-Hata, Masaaki Oyama, Takeharu Minamitani, Teruhito Yasui, Yuji Kubota, Mutsuhiro Takekawa, Isao Kosugi, Yuhei Maruzuru, Naoto Koyanagi, Akihisa Kato, Yasuko Mori, Yasushi Kawaguchi
Summary: The host cell protein prohibitin-1 contributes to HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread via the MAPK/ERK pathway, a mechanism that is conserved in representative members of every herpesvirus subfamily.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Chenchen Wang, Qi Liang, Dong Sun, Yun He, Jiaxuan Jiang, Rongjie Guo, Tejsu Malla, Pedram Hamrah, Xun Liu, Zhenping Huang, Kai Hu
Summary: In HSV-1 infection, nectin-1 acts as the primary gD receptor, while NMHC-IIB acts as the primary gB receptor, playing crucial roles in mediating HSV-1 entry into corneal nerves and replication. These receptors hold promise as therapeutic targets for resolving HSV-1 latency and HSK recurrence.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ryo Ishino, Yumi Kawase, Toshio Kitawaki, Naoshi Sugimoto, Maki Oku, Shumpei Uchida, Osamu Imataki, Akihito Matsuoka, Teruhisa Taoka, Kimihiro Kawakami, Toin H. van Kuppevelt, Tomoki Todo, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo, Norimitsu Kadowaki
Summary: Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) T-01 shows potential therapeutic effects on hematological malignancies, with its infection and oncolytic effects correlated to the expression of nectin-1. Further research is needed to explore the optimal efficacy of this treatment approach.
Article
Microbiology
Xiaowei Song, Yiliang Wang, Feng Li, Wenyan Cao, Qiongzhen Zeng, Shurong Qin, Zhaoyang Wang, Jiaoyan Jia, Ji Xiao, Xiao Hu, Kaisheng Liu, Yifei Wang, Zhe Ren
Summary: This study found that inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) have antiviral activity against HSV-1 infection in neuronal cells. The results suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors promote viral adsorption but inhibit subsequent penetration, providing further insights into the molecular mechanism of Hsp90 in HSV-1 infection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jun Zhao, Chao Qin, Yongzhen Liu, Youliang Rao, Pinghui Feng
Summary: This review discusses the latest advances in understanding how herpes simplex viruses manipulate host cells' pattern recognition receptors to establish persistent infection and evade immune responses. Deepening our understanding of these mechanisms can contribute to the development of novel antiviral therapies and vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kyle C. Arend, Erik M. Lenarcic, Heather A. Vincent, Naim Rashid, Eric Lazear, Ian M. McDonald, Thomas S. K. Gilbert, Michael P. East, Laura E. Herring, Gary L. Johnson, Lee M. Graves, Nathaniel J. Moorman
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Bingchun Zhao, Xiao Zhang, Claude Krummenacher, Shuo Song, Ling Gao, Haojiong Zhang, Miao Xu, Lin Feng, Qisheng Feng, Musheng Zeng, Yuting Xu, Yixin Zeng
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Virology
Doina Atanasiu, Wan Ting Saw, Eric Lazear, J. Charles Whitbeck, Tina M. Cairns, Huan Lou, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, Gary H. Cohen
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Biology
Xiaoli Wang, Sytse J. Piersma, Christopher A. Nelson, Ya-Nan Dai, Ted Christensen, Eric Lazear, Liping Yang, Marjolein Sluijter, Thorbald van Hall, Ted H. Hansen, Wayne M. Yokoyama, Daved H. Fremont
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Veronica M. Holmes, Carlos Maluquer de Motes, Paige T. Richards, Jessenia Roldan, Arjun K. Bhargava, Jordan S. Orange, Claude Krummenacher
Article
Virology
Jose Antonio Lopez-Guerrero, Carmen de la Nuez, Beatriz Praena, Enrique Sanchez-Leon, Claude Krummenacher, Raquel Bello-Morales
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yi Zuo, J. Charles Whitbeck, Gabriel J. Haila, Abraham A. Hakim, Paul W. Rothlauf, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, Gary H. Cohen, Claude Krummenacher
Article
Virology
Tina M. Cairns, Doina Atanasiu, Wan Ting Saw, Huan Lou, J. Charles Whitbeck, Noah T. Ditto, Birgitte Bruun, Helena Browne, Lucas Bennett, Chun Wu, Claude Krummenacher, Benjamin D. Brooks, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, Gary H. Cohen
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Virology
Haiwen Chen, Ling Zhong, Wanlin Zhang, Shanshan Zhang, Junping Hong, Xiang Zhou, Xinyu Zhang, Qisheng Feng, Yixin Chen, Yi-Xin Zeng, Miao Xu, Claude Krummenacher, Xiao Zhang
Summary: Humanized mouse models are used for studying EBV infection. Inoculation with low and high doses of Akata-EBV-GFP in vivo leads to infection and lymphoma models respectively. Low doses result in latent infection, while high doses cause B cell death and lymphoma formation.
Article
Virology
Ling Zhong, Claude Krummenacher, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Qisheng Feng, Qinjian Zhao, Yixin Chen, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Miao Xu, Xiao Zhang
Summary: This study presents a rapid and high-throughput method based on high content imaging system (HCIS) analysis for determining EBV titers and evaluating neutralizing potentials of sera and monoclonal antibodies. The results obtained by the HCIS-based assay were similar to those obtained by the traditional method and flow cytometry-based (FCM) assay, and the HCIS assay showed high-throughput capability for large-scale samples.
Review
Immunology
Ling Zhong, Claude Krummenacher, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Qisheng Feng, Yixin Chen, Qinjian Zhao, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Miao Xu, Xiao Zhang
Summary: This review discusses the disease burden caused by EBV and the necessity of developing an EBV vaccine. Current efforts focus on improving the efficacy of vaccines through antigen selection, combination, and design. Various EBV glycoproteins show promising immunogenicity, and combinations of multiple EBV proteins become attractive approaches. Innovative vaccine design methods, such as virus-like particles and polymer-based nanoparticles, are also explored. Animal models and immune response activation strategies are important for vaccine development.
Article
Virology
Nydia C. De La Cruz, Maureen Moeckel, Hanna Niehues, Matthias Ruebsam, Wolfram Malter, Max Zinser, Claude Krummenacher, Dagmar Knebel-Moersdorf
Summary: This study explores the barriers that herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) must overcome to infect human skin. It is found that impaired epidermal barriers, such as those seen in atopic dermatitis, enable HSV-1 invasion by allowing the accessibility of nectin-1. The results highlight the importance of functional tight junctions in preventing HSV-1 infection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ling Zhong, Wanlin Zhang, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Qingbing Zheng, Qinjian Zhao, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Yi-Xin Zeng, Miao Xu, Xiao Zhang
Summary: Herpesviruses are highly successful viruses in human populations, establishing lifelong latent infections and recurrent reactivations. The entry process of these viruses into target cells involves coordinated interactions between multiple envelope glycoproteins. Despite the lack of vaccines against human herpesviruses (HHVs) except for varicella zoster virus (VZV), recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of key glycoproteins and fusogen in the entry complex (EC) will improve vaccine development and neutralizing antibody (nAb) screening.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Qian Wu, Ling Zhong, Dongmei Wei, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Yinfeng Kang, Kaiyun Chen, Yang Huang, Qingbing Zheng, Miao Xu, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Qinjian Zhao, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Xiao Zhang
Summary: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic virus that infects more than 95% of the global population. Antibodies 1A7 and 6G7 have been identified as potent neutralizers against B cell infection. Specifically, antibody 6G7 provides protection against lethal EBV challenge and EBV-induced lymphoma in humanized mice.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiao Zhang, Bingchun Zhao, Mingmei Ding, Shuo Song, Yinfeng Kang, Yang Yu, Miao Xu, Tong Xiang, Ling Gao, Qisheng Feng, Qinjian Zhao, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Claude Krummenacher, Yi-Xin Zeng
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
