Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kerry J. Laing, Werner J. D. Ouwendijk, Victoria L. Campbell, Christopher L. McClurkan, Shahin Mortazavi, Michael Elder Waters, Maxwell P. Krist, Richard Tu, Nhi Nguyen, Krithi Basu, Congrong Miao, D. Scott Schmid, Christine Johnston, Georges M. G. M. Verjans, David M. Koelle
Summary: This study reveals that varicella-zoster virus-specific T cells preferentially persist as tissue-resident-memory T cells in the rash-involved skin after recovery from zoster, indicating their importance in controlling skin infections.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sita Awasthi, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: The rapid development of two nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines has revolutionized the field of COVID-19 vaccines with their safety and high effectiveness. The mRNA technology offers advantages such as accelerated immunogen discovery, robust immune response induction, and rapid manufacturing scale-up. Developing a genital herpes vaccine has been a longstanding public health priority, and the advent of mRNA technology holds promise in changing the narrative. The development of nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines for genital herpes shows great potential in inducing higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and more durable immune responses compared to protein-adjuvanted vaccines.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marzena Lenart, Edyta Dzialo, Anna Kluczewska, Kazimierz Weglarczyk, Anna Szaflarska, Magdalena Rutkowska-Zapala, Marcin Surmiak, Marek Sanak, Anna Pituch-Noworolska, Maciej Siedlar
Summary: The study identified upregulated expression of four miRNAs in patients with severe and/or recurrent HSV infection, which, when inhibited, affected NK cell antiviral response. Furthermore, these miRNAs were found to regulate genes involved in antiviral response pathways and impact NK cell intracellular protein expression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mingming Hu, Xuliang Liao, Yi Tao, Yaohui Chen
Summary: The treatment of recurrent glioma is challenging due to its molecular heterogeneity and resistance to commonly used treatments. Oncolytic viruses, which selectively replicate within tumor cells and stimulate the immune system, have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. Genetic modifications have been important in optimizing the efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus and oncolytic adenovirus for recurrent gliomas. This review article summarizes these genetic modifications and aims to identify strategies to enhance the therapeutic benefits of oncolytic viruses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Makoto Kawashima, Shinichi Imafuku, Kosuke Fujio, Hiroshi Komazaki
Summary: This study confirmed the effectiveness of patient-initiated single-dose amenamevir treatment for recurrent genital herpes, which can reduce the healing time of all lesions, without any significant safety concerns.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Virology
Hemant Borase, Deepak Shukla
Summary: This review summarizes the pathogenesis of HSV-2 and its cellular interactions, explores new strategies and challenges in regulating HSV-2 replication and influencing the cell cycle through host cellular components, and presents a fresh perspective on the treatment of HSV-2 by targeting cellular proteins and pathways.
Review
Oncology
Hayle Scanlan, Zachary Coffman, Jeffrey Bettencourt, Timothy Shipley, Debra E. Bramblett
Summary: This review provides an overview of HSV-1 as an oncolytic virus candidate and the genomic organization of T-VEC. The advantages and limitations of T-VEC compared to other HSV-1 oncolytic virus variants currently in clinical trials are discussed. Additionally, future directions for the use of HSV-1 oncolytic viruses as cancer therapy are explored.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tao Peng, Khamsone Phasouk, Emily Bossard, Alexis Klock, Lei Jin, Kerry J. Laing, Christine Johnston, Noel A. Williams, Julie L. Czartoski, Dana Varon, Annalyssa N. Long, Jason H. Bielas, Thomas M. Snyder, Harlan Robins, David M. Koelle, M. Juliana McElrath, Anna Wald, Lawrence Corey, Jia Zhu
Summary: Our study identified distinct populations of CD8(+) TRMs in the human ectocervix with different expression patterns, anatomical locations, and TCR repertoires, which target relevant viral antigens for improved host defense against sexually transmitted infections.
Article
Virology
Puja Bagri, Ramtin Ghasemi, Joshua J. C. McGrath, Danya Thayaparan, Emma Yu, Andrew G. Brooks, Martin R. Staempfli, Charu Kaushic
Summary: This study reveals a new role for E2 in enhancing CD4(+) memory T cells postintranasal immunization with HSV-2. Under the influence of E2 treatment, there is an enhanced establishment of antiviral memory T cell responses in the upper respiratory tract and female reproductive tract, with greater T(h)17 memory cells preceding enhanced T(h)1 memory responses. The findings suggest potential strategies for generating optimal immunity during vaccination.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sita Awasthi, James J. Knox, Angela Desmond, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Brian T. Gaudette, John M. Lubinski, Alexis Naughton, Lauren M. Hook, Kevin P. Egan, Ying K. Tam, Norbert Pardi, David Allman, Eline T. Luning Prak, Michael P. Cancro, Drew Weissman, Gary H. Cohen, Harvey M. Friedman
Summary: Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines show more durable protection in animal models compared to protein vaccines, with higher neutralizing antibody titers and robust B cell immune memory. The correlation between high neutralizing titers and B cell immune memory likely explains the more lasting protection provided by the mRNA vaccine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Dor Rafael, Enosh Tomer, Oren Kobiler
Summary: Latent infection is a characteristic feature of herpesviruses, where the number of latent viral genomes reactivating per cell is limited and typically only one genome reactivates in each cell.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Melissa Krystel-Whittemore, May P. Chan, Sara C. Shalin, Kenan J. Sauder, Amy Hudson, Ruth K. Foreman, Mai P. Hoang, Jeoffry B. Brennick, Shaofeng Yan, Rosalynn M. Nazarian
Summary: This study presents the first known report of herpes virus infecting deep stromal cells of the dermis, highlighting the importance of considering cutaneous stromal herpes in patients with atypical clinical lesions, especially when immunocompromised. Establishing the correct diagnosis is crucial for initiating therapy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Angela Devine, Xiuqin Xiong, Sami Lynne Gottlieb, Maeve Britto de Mello, Christopher K. Fairley, Jason J. Ong
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of genital herpes on quality of life and found that the existing literature is limited and needs updating. Future research should be conducted in diverse settings and use condition-specific or generic tools to inform economic modeling.
HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Deepthi Konda, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Rahul Dhodapkar, Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh, Devinder Mohan Thappa
Summary: This study characterized the clinical markers of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection among patients with pemphigus vulgaris. It was found that male sex, presence of fissures, hemorrhagic crusts, erosions with angulated margins, linear erosions, and raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly associated with HSV infection. Hemorrhagic crusts and linear erosions were identified as independent predictors of HSV infection.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Lena Feige, Luca M. Zaeck, Julia Sehl-Ewert, Stefan Finke, Herve Bourhy
Summary: The environment of the central nervous system plays a dual role in viral infections, restricting the infectious route for viral pathogens while providing a beneficial neural environment for viruses after CNS entry. Different viruses like HSV and RABV use retrograde transport along peripheral nerves to enter the CNS, with each virus causing distinct outcomes once inside the CNS parenchyma.
Article
Immunology
Michele D. Picard, Jean-Luc Bodmer, Todd M. Gierahn, Alexander Lee, Jessica Price, Kenya Cohane, Veronica Clemens, Victoria L. DeVault, Galina Gurok, Robert Kohberger, Darren E. Higgins, George R. Siber, Jessica Baker Flechtner, William M. Geisler
CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Immunology
Ali N. Russell, Xiaojing Zheng, Catherine M. O'Connell, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, Sharon L. Hillier, Brandie D. Taylor, Michelle D. Picard, Jessica B. Flechtner, Wujuan Zhong, Lauren C. Frazer, Toni Darville
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2016)
Article
Immunology
Amy Baccari, Michael Cooney, Tamara P. Blevins, Lynda A. Morrison, Shane Larson, Mojca Skoberne, Robert B. Belshe, Jessica B. Flechtner, Deborah Long
Article
Immunology
Jessica Baker Flechtner, Deborah Long, Shane Larson, Veronica Clemens, Amy Baccari, Lena Kien, Jason Chan, Mojca Skoberne, Matthew Brudner, Seth Hetherington
Article
Virology
Johanna Katharina Kaufmann, Jessica Baker Flechtner
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2016)
Article
Immunology
David I. Bernstein, Anna Wald, Terri Warren, Kenneth Fife, Stephen Tyring, Patricia Lee, Nick Van Wagoner, Amalia Magaret, Jessica B. Flechtner, Sybil Tasker, Jason Chan, Amy Morris, Seth Hetherington
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Kristin Moffitt, Mojca Skoberne, Angela Howard, Cristina Gavrilescu, Todd Gierahn, Scott Munzer, Bharat Dixit, Paul Giannasca, Jessica Baker Flechtner, Richard Malley
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2014)
Article
Virology
Mojca Skoberne, Rhonda Cardin, Alexander Lee, Ana Kazimirova, Veronica Zielinski, Danielle Garvie, Amy Lundberg, Shane Larson, Fernando J. Bravo, David I. Bernstein, Jessica B. Flechtner, Deborah Long
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2013)
Article
Immunology
Michele D. Picard, Kenya Prince Cohane, Todd M. Gierahn, Darren E. Higgins, Jessica Baker Flechtner
Review
Immunology
Daniel Grubaugh, Jessica Baker Flechtner, Darren E. Higgins
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Li, Todd Gierahn, Claudette M. Thompson, Krzysztof Trzcinski, Christopher B. Ford, Nicholas Croucher, Paulo Gouveia, Jessica B. Flechtner, Richard Malley, Marc Lipsitch
Article
Immunology
Lauren M. Hook, Sita Awasthi, Jonathan Dubin, Jessica Flechtner, Deborah Long, Harvey M. Friedman
Article
Immunology
David Bernstein, Jessica B. Flechtner, Lisa K. McNeil, Thomas Heineman, Tom Oliphant, Sybil Tasker, Anna Wald, Seth Hetherington, David Bernstein, Nicholas Van Wagoner, Nisha Desai, Kenneth Mayer, Gregg Lucksinger, William Koltun, Peter Leone, Terri Warren, Lori Panther, Jacob Lalezari
Article
Oncology
Hubert Lam, Lisa K. McNeil, Hanna Starobinets, Victoria L. DeVault, Roger B. Cohen, Przemyslaw Twardowski, Melissa L. Johnson, Maura L. Gillison, Mark N. Stein, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Arthur P. DeCillis, James J. Foti, Vijetha Vemulapalli, Emily Tjon, Kyle Ferber, Daniel B. DeOliveira, Wendy Broom, Parul Agnihotri, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Kwok-Kin Wong, Charles G. Drake, Pamela M. Carroll, Thomas A. Davis, Jessica Baker Flechtner
Summary: The ATLAS bioassay is developed to identify neoantigens empirically by expressing patient-specific tumor mutations individually, revealing both stimulatory and inhibitory responses. Therapeutic immunization with stimulatory neoantigens protected animals, while immunization with inhibitory responses resulted in accelerated tumor growth. Empirical testing shows that T-cell responses to neoantigens are more nuanced than straightforward MHC antigen recognition and could impact cancer immunotherapy design.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.