Article
Immunology
Rodolphe Suspene, Kyle A. Raymond, Laetitia Boutin, Sophie Guillier, Frederic Lemoine, Olivier Ferraris, Jean-Nicolas Tournier, Frederic Iseni, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Jean-Pierre Vartanian
Summary: We analyzed the level of APOBEC3-induced MPXV editing in infected cells and in patients. We demonstrated that G->A hypermutated MPXV genomes can be recovered from APOBEC3F transfection followed by MPXV infection. Hyperedited genomes were also recovered in similar to 42% of patients.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fumiaki Ito, Ana L. Alvarez-Cabrera, Kyumin Kim, Z. Hong Zhou, Xiaojiang S. Chen
Summary: The study reveals the mechanism by which HIV-1 virus evades the antiviral response of human APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases. The cryo-EM structures of the viral infectivity factor (Vif) in complex with A3H, CBF-ss, and components of CUL5 ubiquitin ligase shed light on the interplay between HIV and humans.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jayshree R. Dhande, Rajani D. Bagul, Madhuri R. Thakar
Summary: This study found that potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)-mediating antibodies can be generated from memory B cells of long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) with ADCC activity. These antibodies also have the ability to facilitate NK cell-mediated lysis of reactivated HIV reservoirs, highlighting their important role in reducing latent reservoirs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayan Roy, Surajit Basak
Summary: The study reveals distinct features of envelope genes in different categories of HIV-1 disease progression in human beings, indicating that slow progressors and long-term non-progressors exhibit more severe selection constraints from both human and chimpanzee hosts. This contrasts with the more relaxed selection pressures observed in rapid progressors. Evolutionary forces of selection appear to be comparatively more stringent on slow progressors, long-term non-progressors and SIVcpz types.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhandong Wei, Dongdong Zhao, Jie Wang, Ju Li, Ning Xu, Chao Ding, Jun Liu, Siwei Li, Chunzhi Zhang, Changhao Bi, Xueli Zhang, Nicole R. Buan
Summary: A dual-functional system called T7-DualMuta has been created, which enables simultaneous C-to-T and A-to-G mutations in vivo. This system can be used for directed protein evolution and provides an efficient way for base conversions in target regions.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuewen Luo, Xiantao Zhang, Ran Chen, Rong Li, Yang Liu, Junsong Zhang, Qin Liu, Meijun Si, Jun Liu, Bolin Wu, Xuemei Wang, Shijian Wu, Yiwen Zhang, Xu Zhang, Deyin Guo, Xin He, Ting Pan, Hui Zhang
Summary: This study found that the deubiquitinase USP10 can translocate into the nucleus and stabilize nuclear AID protein levels through AKT-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, the signals from BCR and TLR synergistically promote the phosphorylation of USP10. Deficiency of USP10 in B cells leads to decreased AID protein levels and reduced production of neutralizing antibodies.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yelena Britan-Rosich, Jing Ma, Eran Kotler, Faizan Hassan, Alexander Botvinnik, Yoav Smith, Ofra Moshel, Abed Nasereddin, Gunjan Sharma, Eli Pikarsky, Susan Ross, Moshe Kotler
Summary: APOBEC3G (A3G) promotes repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and facilitates error-free rejoining, in addition to its role in immunity. Inhibiting A3G may improve the efficacy of genotoxic therapies, while enhancing A3G activity may reduce acute radiation syndrome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Capa, Ruben Ayala-Suarez, Humberto Erick De La Torre Tarazona, Juan Gonzalez-Garcia, Jorge del Romero, Jose Alcami, Francisco Diez-Fuertes
Summary: This study retrospectively collected clinical and epidemiological data from 313 LTNP individuals in 21 Spanish hospitals and followed LTNP individuals who maintained CD4+ T cell counts over 500 cells/mu l and viral loads under 10,000 copies/mL for at least 10 years. EC-LTNP phenotype was associated with improved survival and slower disease progression compared with other phenotypes of LTNP, making them strong candidates for a model of functional cure of HIV-1 infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Virology
Joseph Hokello, Priya Tyagi, Shelly Dimri, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Mudit Tyagi
Summary: HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESIs) are individuals who are exposed to HIV multiple times but do not show signs of infection. Long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) are HIV-infected individuals who remain stable without therapy, while elite controllers have very low viral levels without treatment. The mechanisms behind these groups' ability to control HIV are multifaceted, involving genetic, immunological, and viral factors.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Qiqi Bao, Jinming Zhou
Summary: The host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G) restricts Vif-deficient HIV-1 replication by causing mutations during viral DNA synthesis. HIV-1 expresses Vif protein to counteract A3G by degrading it. The self-association of Vif with A3G proteins, chaperones, and factors of the ubiquitination machinery is a potential target for novel anti-HIV drugs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Md Sakhawat Hossain, Nadia Mahjabin Sony, Shunsuke Koshio, Manabu Ishikawa, Thora Lieke, Vikas Kumar
Summary: This study evaluates the long-term feeding effects of cytidine monophosphate nucleotide on the growth and health conditions of red sea bream. The results showed significant improvement in growth performance with long-term feeding of CMP-0.2 and CMP-0.4 diets, and supplementation of nucleotide can enhance oxidative stress tolerance capacity.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atanu Maiti, Shurong Hou, Celia A. Schiffer, Hiroshi Matsuo
Summary: APOBEC3 enzymes play a crucial role in regulating antiviral response in HIV, but may also contribute to diversity in cancer. Recent studies have revealed the diversity of epitopes involved in APOBEC3 binding to nucleic acids, highlighting the importance of the interplay between these interactions in uncovering how APOBEC3s recognize and process their substrates.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shima Shahbaz, Juan Jovel, Shokrollah Elahi
Summary: The study revealed that HIV infection affects the transcriptional profile and functional properties of Tregs, with differences between individuals receiving treatment and long-term non-progressors. These findings may explain the higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in LTNPs. Furthermore, upregulation of HLA-F in Tregs of HIV-infected individuals highlights a potential role of this non-classical HLA in the context of HIV infection, warranting further investigation in other chronic viral infections and cancer.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Imane Belbacha, Meryem El Azzouzi, Rajae Bensghir, Kamal Filali Marhoum, Khadija Hajjout, El Mir Elharti, Khalid Sadki, Hicham Oumzil
Summary: This study investigates the association of three SNPs in the APOBEC3G gene with disease outcomes in Moroccan HIV-1 infected patients. The rs2294367 CG genotype is strongly associated with protection against HIV-1 infection, particularly in older individuals.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yingying Yang, Bastian Oldenkott, Shyam Ramanathan, Elena Lesch, Mizuki Takenaka, Mareike Schallenberg-Ruedinger, Volker Knoop
Summary: Protein factors for specific RNA editing events in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts have unique RNA-binding PPRs and DYW domains. The function of E1 and E2 motifs in these factors is unclear. In this study, the tolerance of PPR56 and PPR65 for creating chimeras by replacing their C-terminal protein regions was investigated. Results showed that heterologous DYW domains can restrict or widen the spectrum of off-targets in the bacterial transcriptome for PPR56, possibly due to their preference for the immediate sequence of the editing site and long-range impact on upstream PPRs' nucleotide selectivity.
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
