Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephane Fraga de Oliveira Tosta, Mariana Santana Passos, Rodrigo Kato, Alvaro Salgado, Joilson Xavier, Arun Kumar Jaiswal, Siomar C. Soares, Vasco Azevedo, Marta Giovanetti, Sandeep Tiwari, Luiz Carlos Junior Alcantara
Summary: Yellow fever is a re-emerging major health issue causing recent outbreaks with high mortality rates, mainly affecting tropical countries in Africa and South America. The development of a multi-epitope vaccine for Yellow fever virus using immunoinformatics approaches shows potential in stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses, making it a candidate for further experimental validation.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Madina Rasulova, Thomas Vercruysse, Jasmine Paulissen, Catherina Coun, Vanessa Suin, Leo Heyndrickx, Ji Ma, Katrien Geerts, Jolien Timmermans, Niraj Mishra, Li-Hsin Li, Dieudonne Buh Kum, Lotte Coelmont, Steven Van Gucht, Hadi Karimzadeh, Julia Thorn-Seshold, Simon Rothenfusser, Kevin K. Arien, Johan Neyts, Kai Dallmeier, Hendrik Jan Thibaut
Summary: Fast and accurate detection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against yellow fever virus (YFV) is crucial for yellow fever serodiagnosis, outbreak surveillance, and monitoring of vaccine efficacy. The classical plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) remains the gold standard for measuring YFV nAbs, but it has limitations in throughput and labor intensity. In this study, we introduce a novel fluorescence-based serum neutralization test (SNTFLUO) with equally high sensitivity and specificity, suitable for high-throughput testing and potential clinical use. Additionally, we present SNTFLUO assays for Japanese encephalitis, Zika, and dengue viruses, offering new possibilities for differential diagnostics.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Virology
Duoduo Liu, Dongmiao Chen, Tingting Zhang, Nan Yu, Ruiwen Ren, Yue Chen, Congrong Wang
Summary: This study developed anti-YFV NS1 monoclonal antibodies using monoclonal antibody technology and established a YFV NS1 antigen-capture ELISA with high specificity and sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Izabela Mauricio de Rezende, Gabriela Fernanda Garcia Oliveira, Thais Alkifeles Costa, Aslam Khan, Leonardo Soares Pereira, Tayrine Araujo Santos, Pedro Augusto Alves, Carlos Eduardo Calzavara-Silva, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Betania Paiva Drumond
Summary: Prior studies have shown that yellow fever virus (YFV) RNA can be detected in saliva and urine as an alternative to serum. In this study, urine samples collected from yellow fever (YF) patients during acute and convalescent phases of YF infection were tested for YFV RNA. The results indicated the presence of YFV RNA in both the acute and convalescent phase samples, suggesting a prolonged period of detection beyond the viremic phase. Genotyping analysis revealed the presence of YFV South American I genotype in these samples. The use of urine samples, along with serological tests, epidemiologic inquiry, and clinical assessment, could provide a longer diagnostic window for laboratory YF diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jolynne Mokaya, Derick Kimathi, Teresa Lambe, George M. Warimwe
Summary: Yellow fever remains a global health threat, with efforts to eliminate it by vaccinating one billion people at risk by 2026. The current vaccine provides good protection, but production challenges limit its use, leading to exploration of alternative dosing strategies. Understanding immune responses to vaccination and exploring antibody characteristics and cell-mediated immunity are important for developing a comprehensive understanding of protective immunity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ana Carolina Ferreira Balleste Ajorio, Vinicius Pessanha Rhodes, Anderson Peclat Rodrigues, Vanessa Alvaro Diniz, Greice Maria Silva da Conceicao, Stephen James Forsythe, Igor Barbosa da Silva, Marcelo Luiz Lima Brandao
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish a certified reference material (RM) for use as an internal control in the potency assay for the production chain of yellow fever vaccine. It was concluded that the new certified RM is sufficiently homogeneous and stable and can be used in routine analysis.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Milene S. S. Ferreira, Jorge R. R. Sousa, Pedro S. Bezerra Junior, Valiria D. Cerqueira, Carlos A. A. Oliveira Junior, Gabriela R. C. Rivero, Paulo H. G. Castro, Gilmara A. A. Silva, Jose Augusto P. C. Muniz, Eliana V. P. da Silva, Samir M. M. Casseb, Carla Pagliari, Livia C. Martins, Robert B. B. Tesh, Juarez A. S. Quaresma, Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
Summary: This study investigates the virological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in squirrel monkeys infected with yellow fever virus. The virus shows a preference for the middle zone of the liver and leads to jaundice, subcapsular hemorrhagic multifocal petechiae, apoptosis, necrosis, steatosis, and cellular edema. The immune response involves the expression of various markers, cytokines, and Treg cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nabiha Tasneem Khan, Maliha Afroj Zinnia, Abul Bashar Mir Md Khademul Islam
Summary: This study introduces an in silico designed mRNA vaccine to overcome the constraints of live-attenuated vaccines. Through prediction, simulation, and validation, the vaccine was found to have high immunogenicity and translational efficiency. Furthermore, specific T and B cell epitopes were identified that meet the criteria for an effective vaccine candidate, with high-affinity interactions between epitopes and HLA alleles.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Zhan Gao, Jun-Jun Shao, Guang-Lei Zhang, Su-Dan Ge, Yan-Yan Chang, Lei Xiao, Hui-Yun Chang
Summary: This study validated the reliability of the non-traditional epitope fusion protein method, established a diagnostic antigen to distinguish ASFV, and provided a new idea for ASFV antibody detection. The recombinant protein showed good reactivity and specificity, with a high area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.9991.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Gaijing Zhou, Zhengwang Shi, Juncong Luo, Liyan Cao, Bo Yang, Ying Wan, Lijuan Wang, Rui Song, Yuan Ma, Hong Tian, Haixue Zheng
Summary: African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly contagious disease called African swine fever (ASF) in pigs, and early diagnosis is crucial for prevention and control without an effective vaccine. This study identifies P30 as an immunogenic protein produced during the early stage of ASFV infection, making it a good target for ASF detection and surveillance. By mapping the epitopes of two P30-reactive monoclonal antibodies, the study provides valuable information on the antigenic regions of ASFV P30, laying the foundation for serological diagnosis and vaccine research.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yu-Liang Huang, Denise Meyer, Alexander Postel, Kuo-Jung Tsai, Hsin-Meng Liu, Chia-Huei Yang, Yu-Chun Huang, Hui-Wen Chang, Ming-Chung Deng, Fun-In Wang, Paul Becher, Helen Crooke, Chia-Yi Chang
Summary: By studying the D/A domain of the E2 protein, three CSFV-specific epitopes were identified, and their critical residues were determined. These epitopes may form a complex conformational epitope and interact with cells. These findings contribute to the improvement of serological differentiation of pestiviruses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiaxin Jin, Yilin Bai, Yuanyuan Zhang, Wenlong Lu, Shuai Zhang, Xuyang Zhao, Yaning Sun, Yanan Wu, Angke Zhang, Gaiping Zhang, Aijun Sun, Guoqing Zhuang
Summary: In this study, ASFV-encoded protein antigenic epitopes were identified and a recombinant protein specifically reacting with the respective antibodies was successfully designed. An ASF iELISA method was established based on the recombinant protein, showing high sensitivity and specificity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Shuai Zhang, Rui Wang, Xiaojing Zhu, Jiaxin Jin, Wenlong Lu, Xuyang Zhao, Bo Wan, Yifei Liao, Qin Zhao, Christopher L. Netherton, Guoqing Zhuang, Aijun Sun, Gaiping Zhang
Summary: The study successfully developed specific monoclonal antibodies targeting ASFV dUTPase, and identified an important antibody-binding antigenic epitope in the V region of ASFV dUTPase. These findings may contribute to the development of novel antibody-based therapeutic approaches for ASFV.
Article
Immunology
Junqi Zhang, Baozeng Sun, Wenyang Shen, Zhenjie Wang, Yang Liu, Yubo Sun, Jiaxing Zhang, Ruibo Liu, Yongkai Wang, Tianyuan Bai, Zilu Ma, Cheng Luo, Xupeng Qiao, Xiyang Zhang, Shuya Yang, Yuanjie Sun, Dongbo Jiang, Kun Yang
Summary: Promising MHC-II-restricted candidate epitopes of EBOV GP were identified in humans and mice, which is of great significance for the development and evaluation of Ebola vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Fan Jiang, Yong Han, Yinping Liu, Yong Xue, Peng Cheng, Li Xiao, Wenping Gong
Summary: In this study, a promising multi-epitope vaccine candidate, PP13138R, was developed using reverse vaccinology techniques for tuberculosis prevention. PP13138R demonstrated excellent antigenicity, immunogenicity, and solubility, and interacted strongly with Toll-like receptor 2 and 4, stimulating immune cells to produce specific antibodies and cytokines. The vaccine elicited enhanced immune responses across different stages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tereza Magalhaes, Clarice N. L. Morais, Iracema J. A. A. Jacques, Elisa A. N. Azevedo, Ana M. Brito, Priscilla Lima, Gabriella M. M. Carvalho, Andreza R. S. Lima, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Marli T. Cordeiro, Andre L. S. Oliveira, Thomas Jaenisch, Molly M. Lamb, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Brian D. Foy
Summary: The study suggests that sexual transmission of ZIKV may be a key factor for the high ZIKV seroprevalence among households in Northeast Brazil. Additionally, household members living with CHIKV-positive indexes have a significantly higher risk of being seropositive for CHIKV, regardless of their relationship with the index. Sexual partners are more likely to have concordant ZIKV results.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Juan P. Aguilar Ticona, Huma Baig, Nivison Nery, Simon Doss-Gollin, Gielson A. Sacramento, Haritha Adhikarla, M. Catherine Muenker, Elsio A. Wunder, Eduardo J. M. Nascimento, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Mitermayer G. Reis, Albert Ko, Federico Costa
Summary: Through a prospective cohort study in an urban community in Salvador and a retrospective survey in 2017, males engaging in casual sexual encounters during the 2015 ZIKV epidemic were found to have a higher likelihood of being ZIKV positive, indicating certain groups may have an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Correction
Immunology
Tereza Magalhaes, Clarice N. L. Morais, Iracema J. A. A. Jacques, Elisa A. N. Azevedo, Ana M. Brito, Priscilla V. Lima, Gabriella M. M. Carvalho, Andreza R. S. Lima, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Marli T. Cordeiro, Andre L. S. Oliveira, Thomas Jaenisch, Molly M. Lamb, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Brian D. Foy
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sharton V. A. Coelho, Naiara M. Rust, Lucas Vellasco, Michelle P. Papa, Aline S. G. Pereira, Matheus Ferreira da Silva Palazzo, Maria Aparecida Juliano, Simone M. Costa, Ada M. B. Alves, Marli T. Cordeiro, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Julio Scharfstein, Luciana B. de Arruda
Summary: The study suggests that activation of the contact/kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) may impair endothelial function in dengue virus infection, leading to enhanced DENV replication through BK-induced apoptosis reversal via B2R. Targeting B2R can reduce viral load in brain tissues in the mouse model of cerebral dengue infection.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Priscila M. S. Castanha, Emesto T. A. Marques
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Democrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Anna Ramond, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Nuria Sanchez Clemente, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Laura Cunha Rodrigues, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Maria de Fatima P. M. de Albuquerque, Liana O. Ventura, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Mariana C. Leal, Sophie H. Eickmann, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, Paula Fabiana Sobral da Silva, Maria Durce Costa Gomes Carvalho, Regina Coeli F. Ramos, Danielle Maria da Silva Oliveira, Morgana do Nascimento Xavier, Romulo A. L. Vasconcelos, Andreia Veras Goncalves, Alessandra Mertens Brainer, Marli Tenorio Cordeiro, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Summary: This cohort profile describes the ongoing follow-up of children in the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Paediatric Cohort (MERG-PC), providing comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and imaging assessments for children born in the epicentre of the microcephaly epidemic in Brazil. The cohort has contributed to the understanding of the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) spectrum, including neurodevelopment, epilepsy, dysphagia, cryptorchidism, endocrine dysfunction, and adenoid hypertrophy in children with Zika-related microcephaly. Sharing study protocols and questionnaires across Brazilian states has enabled harmonization across studies, leading to the formation of the Zika Brazilian Cohorts Consortium uniting all ZIKV clinical cohorts in Brazil.
Article
Virology
Iracema J. A. A. Jacques, Leila Katz, Marilia A. Sena, Ana B. G. Guimaraes, Yasmim L. Silva, Gabriela D. M. Albuquerque, Raisa O. Pereira, Camila A. M. C. de Albuquerque, Maria Almerice L. Silva, Paula A. S. Oliveira, Maria de Fatima P. M. Albuquerque, Marli T. Cordeiro, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Rafael F. O. Franca, Celina M. T. Martelli, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Cynthia Braga
Summary: This study focused on the diagnosis of arbovirus-related obstetric complications in high-risk pregnancy and childbirth care, particularly in a hospital in Brazil affected by Zika outbreak. The research found that a high percentage (93.1%) of pregnant women had previous DENV exposure, and 16.6% had recent ZIKV, CHIKV, and/or DENV infections, highlighting the importance of screening for arboviral infections in pregnant women with obstetrical complications.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Democrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Elizabeth Brickley, Maria de Fatima Pessoa Militao de Albuquerque, Wayner Vieira Souza, Liana O. Ventura, Camila V. Ventura, Adriana L. Gois, Mariana C. Leal, Danielle Maria da Silva Oliveira, Sophie Helena Eickmann, Maria Durce C. G. Carvalho, Paula F. S. da Silva, Maria Angela Wanderley Rocha, Regina Coeli Ferreira Ramos, Sinval Pinto Brandao-Filho, Marli Tenorio Cordeiro, Luciana Caroline Albuquerque Bezerra, George Dimech, Sandra Valongueiro, Pedro Pires, Priscila Mayrelle da Silva Castanha, Rafael Dhalia, Ernesto Torres Azevedo Marques-Junior, Laura C. Rodrigues
Summary: This study delves into the risks and outcomes of Zika virus infection during pregnancy, using a variety of diagnostic methods to identify cases and finding that the infection can lead to various abnormalities in children.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ivonne Morales, Kerstin D. Rosenberger, Tereza Magalhaes, Clarice N. L. Morais, Cynthia Braga, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Guilherme Amaral Calvet, Luana Damasceno, Patricia Brasil, Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis, Sarah Bethencourt, Adriana Tami, Mayling Alvarez, Pedro A. Martinez, Maria G. Guzman, Bruno Souza Benevides, Andrea Caprara, Nguyen Thanh Ha Quyen, Cameron Simmons, Bridget Wills, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jan Felix Drexler, Thomas Jaenisch
Summary: This study evaluated three commercially available immunoassays for detecting ZIKV antibodies, with the IgAM test showing the best performance in detecting infections. The study was conducted in two different American countries with endemic arboviruses, and sequential blood samples allowed for evaluation of test performance over time. The IgAM assay exhibited superior sensitivity in detecting ZIKV infections compared to IgG and IgM assays, making it a promising candidate for serological monitoring in future ZIKV outbreaks.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jana L. Jacobs, William Bain, Asma Naqvi, Brittany Staines, Priscila M. S. Castanha, Haopu Yang, Valerie F. Boltz, Simon Barratt-Boyes, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Stephanie L. Mitchell, Barbara Methe, Tolani F. Olonisakin, Ghady Haidar, Thomas W. Burke, Elizabeth Petzold, Thomas Denny, Chris W. Woods, Bryan J. McVerry, Janet S. Lee, Simon C. Watkins, Claudette M. St Croix, Alison Morris, Mary F. Kearney, Mark S. Ladinsky, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Georgios D. Kitsios, John W. Mellors
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 vRNA was detected in the plasma of COVID-19 patients, with the highest rates in ICU patients. Higher levels of vRNA were associated with more severe disease, patient outcomes, and specific inflammatory biomarkers.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ludmila Lobkowicz, Grace M. Power, Wayner Vieira De Souza, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Luciana Caroline Albuquerque Bezerra, Rafael Dhalia, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Democrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Summary: The study reveals a strong association between lower neighborhood-level income and higher risk of ZIKV infections in pregnant individuals in Recife. Interventions targeted at improving living conditions, sanitation, and mosquito control in areas with lower income are crucial to reduce the risks associated with ZIKV infections during pregnancy in settings prone to arboviral outbreaks.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ludmila Lobkowicz, Democrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Ulisses Ramos Montarroyos, Celina Maria Turchi Martelli, Thalia Velho Barreto de Araujo, Wayner Vieira De Souza, Luciana Caroline Albuquerque Bezerra, Rafael Dhalia, Ernesto T. A. Marques, Nuria Sanchez Clemente, Jayne Webster, Aisling Vaughan, Emily L. Webb, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Summary: The co-circulation of arthropod-borne viruses, including Zika and Chikungunya, is increasingly common. This study investigated the geographic and temporal distribution of these infections during pregnancy and found that clinical symptoms alone may not be sufficient for differentiating Zika and Chikungunya infections. Laboratory diagnostics remain important in these cases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Priscila M. S. Castanha, Dylan J. Tuttle, Georgios D. Kitsios, Jana L. Jacobs, Ulisses Braga-Neto, Matthew Duespohl, Sanjay Rathod, Michelle M. Marti, Sarah Wheeler, Asma Naqvi, Brittany Staines, John Mellors, Alison Morris, Bryan J. McVerry, Faraaz Shah, Caitlin Schaefer, Bernard J. C. Macatangay, Barbara Methe, Christian A. Fernandez, Simon M. Barratt-Boyes, Donald Burke, Ernesto T. A. Marques
Summary: This study reveals that the classical pathway mediates complement overactivation in response to increased levels of circulating immune complexes, leading to the severity of COVID-19. Early non-neutralizing IgG responses play a crucial role in complement overactivation.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira, Luana de Mendonca Oliveira, Anna Julia Pietrobon, Erika Machado de Salles, Maria Regina D'Imperio Lima, Isabelle Freire Tabosa Viana, Roberto Dias Lins, Paula Ordonhez Rigato, Ernesto Torres de Azevedo Marques, Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte, Maria Notomi Sato
Summary: Neonatal immunization with a LAMP-1/p55Gag DNA vaccine can enhance antibody production and contribute to the development of new vaccine approaches for other emerging pathogens in early life.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Denis Y. Logunov, David M. Livermore, David A. Ornelles, Wibke Bayer, Ernesto Marques, Cecil Czerkinsky, Inna V. Dolzhikova, Hildegund C. J. Ertl
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.
