Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Niyazi Ulas Dinc, Amirhossein Saba, Jorge Madrid-Wolff, Carlo Gigli, Antoine Boniface, Christophe Moser, Demetri Psaltis
Summary: The prospect of massive parallelism of optics is attracting interest for novel photonic circuits, and 3D implementations have a high potential for scalability. However, as the technology for data input-output channels is 2D, there is a need to consider 2D-nD transformations. This review focuses on iterative techniques and neural networks in tackling 3D-2D transformations across different fields, providing a useful perspective for 3D optical design.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Naomi P. Friedman, Marie T. Banich, Matthew C. Keller
Summary: Twin/family studies and GWAS have their respective strengths and weaknesses, complementing and reinforcing each other rather than replacing one another.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Navin Gupta, Ryuji Morizane
Summary: The development of kidney organoid technology has revitalized the field of kidney developmental biology, allowing for the generation of nephron and collecting duct kidney organoids through directed differentiation protocols. However, there are limitations to current methods that need to be addressed for future improvements.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Kelsey L. West, Kasey C. Soska, Whitney G. Cole, Danyang Han, Justine E. Hoch, Christina M. Hospodar, Brianna E. Kaplan
Summary: This commentary offers four guiding principles for conducting generalizable and enduring descriptive research.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benjamin O'Callaghan, John Hardy, Helene Plun-Favreau
Summary: The genetics of Parkinson's disease has played a crucial role in understanding the PINK1-dependent mitophagy process. In this article, we examine the implications of a 2010 PLOS Biology paper that provided insight into the functional significance of PINK1 in the mitophagy cascade.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexander Maltsev, Pavel M. Balaban
Summary: The study shows that blockade of protein synthesis and specific serine/threonine phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) can lead to a switch from impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) to long-term depression (LTD). Additionally, it is found that these phosphatases influence both basal synaptic transmission and stimulation-induced synaptic plasticity.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Thomas Henkel, Guenter Mayer, Joerg Hampl, Jialan Cao, Linda Ehrhardt, Andreas Schober, Gregor Alexander Gross
Summary: Droplet-based microfluidic screening techniques can be connected to established microtiter plate-based screening and sample management workflows through interfacing tools. A bidirectional sampling interface for sample transfer from wells into droplets and vice versa droplets into wells is achieved using Digital Microfluidic Pipetting Tips (DMPT) and a robotic system.
Review
Oncology
Edward P. Carter, Reza Roozitalab, Shayin Gibson, Richard P. Grose
Summary: This review discusses the approaches adopted to replicate complex tumor biology in manageable 3D models, including sourcing and combining cell types, and methods for deconvolving complex multicellular models into informative outputs.
Review
Pediatrics
Brigette Boast, Cristiane De Jesus Nunes-Santos, Hye Sun Kuehn, Sergio D. Rosenzweig
Summary: The normal expression of Ikaros (IKZF1) is crucial for proper functioning of the immune system in both humans and mice. Mutations in IKZF1 have different clinical outcomes in patients, including immunodeficiency, immune dysregulation, and cancer. Studies in mice and humans have provided insights into the biological role of IKZF1 in the immune system and its impact on disease.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Urban Studies
Artur Jasinski
Summary: Color plays a crucial role in shaping the image of a city and influencing its promotion in media and tourism markets. Different colors symbolize different styles and histories of cities. While some cities intentionally choose colors to become iconic, others see color changes as a natural evolution process.
Article
Ecology
Keith M. Somers, Donald A. Jackson
Summary: The Mantel test, commonly used in ecology and evolution, has faced criticism due to inconsistent results, error rate issues, and doubts about its null hypotheses. A new proximity measure is proposed to address these problems, and the use of a simple difference in Mantel tests is shown to resolve issues with agreement and error rates. These findings aim to restore the popularity of the Mantel test.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruairidh M. Battleday, Joshua C. Peterson, Thomas L. Griffiths
Summary: This paper explores the potential of using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as a basis for modeling higher-level cognition, focusing on phenomena like similarity and categorization. The key advancement lies in CNNs' ability to learn high-dimensional representations of complex natural images, expanding traditional cognitive models' scope. Successful combinations are achieved when CNN representations are used alongside cognitive models with transformative capabilities to better align with human behavior.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mitsuru Arima, Yuya Fujii, Koh-Hei Sonoda
Summary: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness, with oxygen levels being a key factor in its development. Research on ROP has made progress, such as anti-VEGF therapy. However, there is an unmet medical need for novel ROP therapies that are safe and minimally invasive.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Economics
Xiaosheng Mu, Luciano Pomatto, Philipp Strack, Omer Tamuz
Summary: The study focuses on repeated independent Blackwell experiments, comparing their informativeness in large samples and showing that higher Renyi divergences make an experiment more informative. The analysis can be applied to measuring dissimilarity between distributions, with the useful property of Renyi divergences being additivity with respect to product distributions. The characterization of Blackwell dominance in large samples implies that any additive divergence satisfying the data processing inequality is an integral of Renyi divergences.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Miriam Backens, Hector Miller-Bakewell, Giovanni de Felice, Leo Lobski, John van de Wetering
Summary: Translations between the quantum circuit model and the measurement-based one-way model are useful for verification and optimization of quantum computations. The newly developed algorithm allows for processing one-way computations containing measurements in all three planes and having gflow, resulting in efficient circuits without ancillae. This algorithm represents the most general known procedure for extracting circuits from ZX-diagrams and can be applied to circuit optimization.
Article
Developmental Biology
H. Frederik Nijhout, Emily Laub, Laura W. Grunert
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
H. Frederik Nijhaut, Janet A. Best, Michael C. Reed
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Biology
Shivam Bhardwaj, Lim Si-Hui Jolander, Markus R. Wenk, Jeffrey C. Oliver, H. Frederik Nijhout, Antonia Monteiro
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean D. Lawley, Michael C. Reed, H. Frederik Nijhout
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Kenneth Z. McKenna, H. Frederik Nijhout
Summary: The study found that the forewing imaginal disks of Junonia coenia are subdivided into four domains, with different expression patterns of patterning genes and spatially patterned DNA and protein synthesis. Inhibiting specific genes or signaling pathways will affect the shape of the forewing in a domain-specific manner.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenneth Z. McKenna, Richard Gawne, H. Frederik Nijhout
Summary: The article provides critiques of the concepts of genetic control, genetic blueprint, and genetic program discussed in Keith Baverstock's (2021) article.
PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ruby Kim, H. Frederik Nijhout, Michael C. Reed
Summary: The study highlights the impact of sex hormones on one-carbon metabolism during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, with insights provided using a mathematical model. The model explains lower homocysteine levels in women and the fluctuations in other one-carbon metabolites throughout the cycle, as well as the effects of vitamin deficiencies. It also sheds light on the influence of estradiol on homeostatic mechanisms in one-carbon metabolism.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Sean D. Lawley, H. Frederik Nijhout, Michael C. Reed
Summary: This research examines how insects regulate oxygen uptake and water loss during respiration. It is found that during the flutter phase, insects can absorb almost as much oxygen as when their spiracles are always open, by having the spiracles open for a small percentage of time and fluttering rapidly. Additionally, it is discovered that water loss during the flutter phase is approximately proportional to the percentage of time the spiracles are open.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Lisa Hanna, Tom Lamouret, Goncalo M. Pocas, Christen K. Mirth, Armin P. Moczek, Frederik H. Nijhout, Ehab Abouheif
Summary: This study confirms long-standing assumptions in insect biology, showing that the final size of adult holometabolous insects is determined at the end of the larval stage, and that they do not grow as adults.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2023)
