Journal
VETERINARY JOURNAL
Volume 194, Issue 1, Pages 27-33Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.05.022
Keywords
Vitamin D; Vitamin D receptor; Cholecalciferol; Calcitriol; Endocrine; Immunity; Inflammation
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In addition to its essential role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, vitamin D has a diverse range of biological actions, including induction of cell differentiation, inhibition of cell growth, immunomodulation and control of hormonal systems. Vitamin D plays an immunoregulatory role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The active metabolite of the vitamin D endocrine system, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), exerts pleiotropic effects through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor. Low vitamin D status in humans has been implicated in the etiology of neoplasia, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disorders and infectious diseases. This review focuses on vitamin D and its effects on immune function, particularly in humans, with the aim to encourage further exploration in the veterinary field. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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