Article
Reproductive Biology
A. L. Earnhardt, D. A. Neuendorff, C. R. Long, T. H. Welsh, R. D. Randel
Summary: This study found that the calving group of the sire had a significant impact on the age at first calving and calving group of Brahman heifers, while the calving group of the dam did not have an effect. Additionally, the year of birth had an effect on the age at first calving and calving group of daughters, while the season of birth did not show a significant effect.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
K. Bach, S. S. Nielsen, N. Capion
Summary: Claw horn disruption lesions are a common cause of lameness in dairy cattle, likely due to excessive pressure on the horn-producing tissue. This longitudinal study aimed to explore the relationship between body condition score and soft tissue thickness around calving. The study found changes in soft tissue thickness but no correlation with body condition score, suggesting factors beyond calving may also influence claw health during the transition period.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Marie-Claire Mccarthy, John F. Mee, Conor G. McAloon, Luke O'Grady
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of contract-rearing and home-rearing on the reproductive performance of heifers. The results indicate that the rearing strategy does not significantly affect the age at first calving of heifers.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lara Gorriz-Martin, Annabel Koenig, Klaus Jung, Wiebke Bergforth, Dirk von Soosten, Martina Hoedemaker, Arpad Csaba Bajcsy
Summary: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Moocall (R) with routine clinical examinations in predicting cow calving. The results showed no significant differences between Moocall (R) alerts and clinical examinations, but models including Moocall (R) alerts had better fit in predicting the time until calving.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. Lanzoni, M. Chincarini, M. Giammarco, I. Fusaro, M. Iannotta, M. Podaliri, A. Contri, A. Gloria, G. Vignola
Summary: This study investigated the pre-calving behavioral pattern of Mediterranean buffalo heifers and found that the frequency of lying, walking, and tail raising were the most useful behaviors in predicting calving in this species. Additionally, the frequency of ground pawing and movements of the head towards the abdomen were indicative of the imminence of calving.
APPLIED ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Rogerio Ribeiro Vicentini, Priscila Arrigucci Bernardes, Aska Ujita, Andre Penido Oliveira, Maria Lucia Pereira Lima, Lenira El Faro, Aline Cristina Sant'Anna
Summary: This study aimed to describe the pattern of reticulo-rumen temperature and activity variation in nullipamus Gyr heifers close to calving, and evaluate the predictive potential of these traits. The findings showed a decrease in Trr and an increase in Act in the days preceding calving, with differences more evident in the final hours before calving. Specific variations in thermal physiology of Zebu cattle need to be considered when using prediction devices validated only for European breeds.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. R. Larsen, P. H. Baker, K. M. Enger, L. E. Moraes, P. R. F. Adkins, J. A. Pempek, C. A. Zimmerly, S. M. Gauta, R. L. Bond, B. D. Enger
Summary: The study demonstrated that administration of internal teat sealants (ITS) in primigravid heifers reduced the prevalence of intramammary infections (IMI) at calving, regardless of whether ITS was given 75 or 35 days prepartum. Control quarters were more likely to be infected at calving compared to quarters treated with ITS. Early administration of ITS provided extended protection for the developing gland.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. E. Beltman, J. Lewis, M. McCabe, K. Keogh, D. A. Kenny
Summary: The peri-partum processes can exert various stresses on cows, but there is limited evidence on the effects of calving events on cows' immune status and reproductive health. In this study, crossbred recipient beef heifers carrying purebred Simmental embryos were observed, and it was found that induction of calving had no negative effects on dystocia or calf weight gain, but it could have a positive effect on colostral IgG concentration. Blood calcium concentrations were associated with subsequent uterine health, and immune function-related cytokines showed temporal changes during the peri- and post-partum period.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
W. A. Mason, J. L. Huxley, R. A. Laven
Summary: This controlled clinical trial investigated the effectiveness of an intervention before the first calving event in reducing lameness incidence in pasture-based dairy heifers. The results showed that the intervention did not significantly improve lameness outcomes, but no negative effects were observed in the intervention group. Further research is needed to find evidence-based solutions to reduce lameness in pasture-based systems.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chad A. Greene, Alex S. Gardner, Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel, Alexander D. Fraser
Summary: Antarctica's ice shelves play a crucial role in controlling global sea-level rise. However, new research reveals that these ice shelves have experienced significant net loss and are unable to fully recover. The retreat and thinning of the ice shelves have resulted in a larger impact on sea-level rise than previously estimated.
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. B. Alley, K. M. Cuffey, J. N. Bassis, K. E. Alley, S. Wang, B. R. Parizek, S. Anandakrishnan, K. Christianson, R. M. DeConto
Summary: Uncertainty about sea-level rise is mainly caused by uncertainty about iceberg calving and mass loss from fracturing. There are five persistent and predictable regimes of calving that are controlled primarily by ice flow, and small perturbations do not have significant effects. However, large perturbations may lead to rapid transitions between regimes or between calving and non-calving behavior. These regime transitions are the major uncertainties in sea-level rise projections but have not been observed instrumentally. Process-based models and assimilation of paleoclimatic data could help reduce uncertainties about regime transitions. Neglecting accurate calving in predictive models could result in significant underestimation of warming-induced sea-level rise.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jason J. Reding, Robert R. van der Westhuizen, Donagh P. Berry, Este van Marle-Koster
Summary: A genome-wide association study was conducted to identify genetic variants associated with reproduction traits in South African Bonsmara cattle. Multiple candidate genes and quantitative trait loci were identified, many of which were close to genes known to be associated with carcass quality, fertility, growth, and milk-related traits. Additionally, several novel genes that had not been reported in beef cattle populations were also found.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ramunas Antanaitis, Vida Juozaitiene, Karina Dzermeikaite, Dovile Baceninaite, Greta Sertvytyte, Eduardas Danyla, Arunas Rutkauskas, Lorenzo Viora, Walter Baumgartner
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate changes in rumination behavior parameters in cows with subclinical ketosis (SCK) before and after calving. The researchers found that cows at higher risk of SCK had lower rumination time, eating time, drinking gulps, bolus, chews per minute, chews per bolus, downtime, maximal temperature, and activity change. By monitoring these parameters, cows at higher risk of SCK can be identified. It is recommended to use RuniWatch sensors to track these changes for early detection of SCK in the herd.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Kristen M. Sanfilippo
Summary: The study demonstrated an association between plasma complement factor 5 (C5) levels and future risk of VTE.
Editorial Material
Hematology
Nermi L. Parrow, Robert E. Fleming
Summary: In this study, Nyffenegger et al provide evidence that pharmacologic iron restriction improves disease parameters in a mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD). They used an orally administered inhibitor of the cellular iron exporter ferroportin to restrict iron absorption. This approach resulted in hematologic improvements in the mouse model.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Carlos A. Loncoman, Paola K. Vaz, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Francisco J. Morera, Glenn F. Browning, Joanne M. Devlin
INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2017)
Article
Fisheries
C. A. Loncoman, J. Saravia, L. Gutierrez, C. Contreras, R. Oyarzun, P. Strobel, R. Enriquez, A. Isla, J. Figueroa, L. Vargas-Chacoff, F. J. Morera
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carlos A. Loncoman, Carol A. Hartley, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Glenn F. Browning, Gabriela Beltran, Sylva Riblet, Carolina O. Freitas, Maricarmen Garcia, Joanne M. Devlin
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Fisheries
D. Martinez, C. Vargas-Lagos, R. Oyarzun, C. A. Loncoman, J. P. Pontigo, A. J. Yanez, L. Vargas-Chacoff
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
Carlos A. Loncoman, Carol A. Hartley, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Glenn F. Browning, Jose A. Quinteros, Andres Diaz-Mendez, Dulari Thilakarathne, Omid Fakhri, Paola K. Vaz, Joanne M. Devlin
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mesula G. Korsa, Joanne M. Devlin, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F. Browning, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Jose A. Quinteros, Carlos A. Loncoman, Adepeju E. Onasanya, Dulari Thilakarathne, Andres Diaz-Mendez
Article
Cell Biology
D. Martinez, C. Vargas-Lagos, J. Saravia, R. Oyarzun, C. Loncoman, J. P. Pontigo, L. Vargas-Chacoff
CELL STRESS & CHAPERONES
(2020)
Article
Fisheries
F. J. Morera, J. Saravia, C. A. Loncoman, J. P. Pontigo, R. Oyarzun-Salazar, C. Contreras, C. Vargas-Lagos, J. L. Munoz, L. Vargas-Chacoff
Summary: Smoltification is a crucial stage in Atlantic salmon aquaculture, and the NKA test is currently used to determine fish adaptability to seawater. Research has shown that BK channel expression in gills decreases during smoltification on an industrial scale, suggesting a potential new complementary test for assessing the level of smoltification more precisely.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Milena Vera, Sarah Zuern, Carlos Henriquez-Valencia, Carlos Loncoman, Javier Canales, Frank Waller, Esteban Basoalto, Sigisfredo Garnica
Summary: This study investigates the colonization and impact of native strains of endophytic insect-pathogenic fungi on perennial ryegrass in southern Chile. The results suggest that these fungi have little effect on the aboveground biomass of the mini-pastures, indicating that their function may lie in other aspects such as protection against root herbivory by insect pests.
Article
Microbiology
Silvana H. Santander-Parra, Luis F. N. Nunez, Marcos R. Buim, Claudete S. Astolfi Ferreira, Carlos A. Loncoman, Antonio J. Piantino Ferreira
Summary: This study conducted molecular characterization of avian infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus in poultry flocks in three states of Brazil. Different strains of ILT virus were identified, including highly virulent strains. The study also observed a possible latent reactivated infection of the virus.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Stephen Spatz, Maricarmen Garcia, Walter Fuchs, Carlos Loncoman, Jeremy Volkening, Teresa Ross, Sylva Riblet, Taejoong Kim, Nathan Likens, Thomas Mettenleiter
Summary: In this study, a genetic system was developed to reconstitute infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) using a collection of yeast centromeric plasmids and bacterial cosmids. Viable replication-competent ILTV was successfully generated using overlapping cosmid clones and a YCp recombinant. The methodology and constructs developed in this study will facilitate the development of improved live virus vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Laura Solarte-Murillo, Alex Romero, Juan Guillermo Carcamo, Marcos Godoy, Francisco J. Morera, C. A. Loncoman
Summary: This study reveals the association of Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) with HSMI and jaundice syndrome in coho salmon in Chile. Two variants of PRV-3 were identified, with PRV-3a being the predominant variant in recent years. Unique genetic characteristics were also found in the PRV-3 sequences from Chile. These findings emphasize the need for further research on the link between PRV and jaundice syndrome in coho salmon.
Article
Fisheries
Rene A. Manriquez, Moises Sandoval, Carlos Loncoman, Carolina Tafalla, R. Avendano-Herrera, Juan G. Carcamo
Summary: This study investigated the effect of epigenetic mechanisms on the modulation of the antiviral immune response by infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). The results revealed that IPNV infection altered the methylation and acetylation levels of IFN1 and IFN & gamma;2 genes, consequently affecting their transcriptional expression levels.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Danixa Martinez, Daniela Nualart, Carlos Loncoman, Juan C. Opazo, Kattina Zabala, Francisco J. Morera, Gonzalo A. Mardones, Luis Vargas-Chacoff
Summary: This study investigates the role of HMG proteins in the immune response of fish, specifically focusing on BbX protein. The results show that BbX protein is highly expressed in the intestinal tissue and liver of E. maclovinus. In addition, BbX protein expression levels increase in response to P. salmonis injection and thermal stress. These findings suggest that BbX protein may play a role in the response mechanism to temperature and bacterial stimulation in fish.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carlos A. Loncoman, Carol A. Hartley, Mauricio J. C. Coppo, Paola K. Vaz, Andres Diaz-Mendez, Glenn F. Browning, Maricarmen Garcia, Stephen Spatz, Joanne M. Devlin
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2017)