Review
Virology
Heidi Auerswald, Pierre-Olivier Maquart, Veronique Chevalier, Sebastien Boyer
Summary: This review summarizes the knowledge on the diversity of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) mosquito vector species, confirming 14 mosquito species with documented experimental vector competence for JEV. The study emphasizes the importance of conducting JEV vector competence research in local environments to achieve reliable data.
Article
Parasitology
Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik, Astri Nur Faizah, Daisuke Kobayashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Ryo Matsumura, Izumi Kai, Toshinori Sasaki, Yukiko Higa, Haruhiko Isawa, Shiroh Iwanaga, Tomoko Ishino
Summary: This study investigates the vector competency of mosquitoes in transmitting the GETV virus. The results show that different mosquito species have varying abilities to be infected and transmit the virus, with certain species being more competent than others. The study emphasizes the importance of considering other mosquito species as potential vectors of GETV in addition to the known ones.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Claudia Van den Eynde, Charlotte Sohier, Severine Matthijs, Nick De Regge
Summary: This article provides an overview of vector competence, vector capacity, and immunity of mosquitoes in relation to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Currently, 17 species are confirmed vectors for JEV, with 10 other species as potential vectors. Further research on vector immunity is needed to identify strategies to reduce JEV transmission by mosquitoes.
Review
Virology
Andrew F. van den Hurk, Eloise Skinner, Scott A. Ritchie, John S. Mackenzie
Summary: In early 2022, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was found to be the cause of stillborn and mummified piglets in pig farms in southeastern Australia. Human cases and infected piglets in other pig farms were subsequently identified across a wide area. The primary vectors of JEV in Australia should be considered as members of the Culex sitiens subgroup, particularly Culex annulirostris. Information on other mosquito species and additional factors that could impact JEV transmission are also discussed.
Article
Virology
Claudia van den Eynde, Charlotte Sohier, Severine Matthijs, Nick De Regge
Summary: This study compared the vector competence of Culex pipiens mosquitoes from Belgium under two temperature conditions and found that although the infection rate was similar, the dissemination rate was significantly lower in the temperature gradient condition. Therefore, it is unlikely for Culex pipiens mosquitoes to transmit Japanese encephalitis virus in the current climatic conditions.
Article
Microbiology
Claudia van den Eynde, Charlotte Sohier, Severine Matthijs, Nick De Regge
Summary: Anopheles plumbeus is a day-active mosquito species found in Belgium, which has shown to feed on humans and pigs. It has been found to be a competent vector for the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), indicating its potential role in the transmission of the virus.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helena Ladreyt, Claire Garros, Nausicaa Habchi-Hanriot, Marlene Dupraz, Thierry Baldet, Veronique Chevalier, Benoit Durand
Summary: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a vector-borne zoonotic virus that is the leading cause of human acute encephalitis in Asia. The study investigated the risk of JEV invasion in Reunion Island and found that certain epidemiological units, particularly those near the port area, have a high likelihood of becoming a pathway for the introduction of infected vectors.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Philip Samuel Paulraj, Velayutham Thenmozhi, Sunil Mishra, Jaganathasamy Nagaraj, Rajaiah Paramasivan
Summary: This study investigated the seasonal abundance and viral infection of JE vectors in Gorakhpur region of Uttar Pradesh, and implemented intervention strategies like indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets. The results showed a significant reduction in vector density after interventions, highlighting the effectiveness of these approaches in interrupting JE transmission.
JOURNAL OF VECTOR BORNE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jennifer S. Lord, Michael B. Bonsall
Summary: The study of vector competence is crucial for understanding mosquito-borne virus transmission and developing control tools. This research develops a mechanistic model to study virus dynamics within mosquitoes and demonstrates the impact of intrinsic stochasticity on the infection process.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Duo Zhang, Chengcheng Peng, Chenghui Li, Yiquan Li, He Zhang, Nan Li, Pengpeng Xiao
Summary: This study explored the virome specific to Culex tritaeniorhynchus, a species of mosquito, by collecting 6400 specimens in China. Metavirome sequencing revealed sequences from 28 viral families, and PCR techniques confirmed the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Getah virus, and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The study also isolated CHIKV from C. tritaeniorhynchus in China for the first time and found evidence suggesting increased infectivity after passaging. These findings provide insights into the diversity, properties, and dynamics of virus susceptibility in the C. tritaeniorhynchus virome and shed light on viral ecology in other important biological vectors.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Wei-Ting Liu, Yi-Ju Chen, Cheng-Chen Chen, Kuei-Min Liao, Hau-You Tzeng, Wu-Chun Tu
Summary: This study confirms that Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Culex quinquefasciatus can be infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and the virus-positive rate increases with the number of days after infection. Furthermore, raising the temperature enhances JEV replication in the salivary gland of these mosquitoes, indicating a potential increase in the probability of JEV transmission.
Review
Virology
Baldeep Khare, Richard J. Kuhn
Summary: In the past three decades, multiple flaviviruses from different antigenic groups have spread geographically, leading to the co-circulation of multiple viruses within regions. The morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses affects antibody recognition, virus neutralization, and infection control. Cross-reactivity among flaviviruses may result in either cross-protection or disease enhancement, although the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are still unclear.
Article
Immunology
Shuo Zhu, Mengying Tao, Yunchuan Li, Xugang Wang, Zikai Zhao, Yixin Liu, Qi Li, Qiuyan Li, Yanbo Lu, Youhui Si, Shengbo Cao, Jing Ye
Summary: This study found that infection with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) leads to an increase in H3K27me3 modification in microglial cells and mouse brain. Inhibiting H3K27me3 modification significantly reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production during JEV infection, indicating its crucial role in the neuroinflammatory response. The increased H3K27me3 modification of E3 ubiquitin ligases following JEV infection leads to downregulation of Rnf19a expression and negative regulation of the neuroinflammatory response.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Daisuke Kobayashi, Kentaro Itokawa, Katsunori Murota, Astri Nur Faizah, Faustus Akankperiwen Azerigyik, Takaya Hayashi, Mitsuko Ohashi, Joseph H. Kofi Bonney, Samuel Dadzie, Cuong Chi Tran, Phong Vu Tran, Ryosuke Fujita, Yoshihide Maekawa, Shinji Kasai, Shoji Yamaoka, Nobuo Ohta, Kyoko Sawabe, Shiroh Iwanaga, Haruhiko Isawa
Summary: The study found that some Ae. aegypti colonies in Ghana have the potential to transmit DENV serotype 1, but show difficulty in transmitting serotype 2, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and prevention of the introduction of different DENV strains.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Weijia Zhang, Qikai Yin, Huanyu Wang, Guodong Liang
Summary: The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has five genotypes, with genotypes 1 and 3 historically being more active. Genotypes 4 and 5 have remained silent in low-latitude tropical regions. However, in recent years, genotype 5 emerged in mosquitoes from Tibet and South Korea, leading to cases of viral encephalitis. Similarly, genotype 4 emerged in Australia, causing a local outbreak. These new genotypes present challenges for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)