Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Robert L. Sheridan, Jeremy M. Goverman, T. Gregory Walker
Summary: Frostbite is a combination of direct cellular damage from freezing and cellular ischemia from vasospasm and small-vessel thrombosis. The severity is related to the degree of reperfusion of frozen tissues upon thawing.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Elvina Almuradova, Irfan Cicin
Summary: Cancer-related hypercalcemia is a common condition in advanced cancer patients and is seen in 20-30% of cases. The most frequent cause is malignancy. Hypercalcemia can occur in both solid tumor and hematologic malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis. Multiple mechanisms, such as abnormal calcium metabolism, can contribute to its development. Timely diagnosis and treatment by physicians can reduce complications and the main treatments include IV hydration, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, denosumab, prednisone, cinacalcet, and possible hemodialysis for severe refractory hypercalcemia in advanced kidney disease.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Transplantation
Hassan Izzedine, Thibaud Chazal, Rimda Wanchoo, Kenar D. Jhaveri
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are important for treating advanced cancers, but they can also cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including hypercalcemia. The causes of CPI-induced hypercalcemia may include endocrine diseases, granulomas, hormonal imbalances, and disease progression. Early recognition and treatment of hypercalcemia are crucial for patient outcomes.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Yang Lu, Mary R. Kwaan, Anne Y. Lin
Summary: This JAMA Insights Clinical Update provides a review of the diagnosis and management of anal fissures, including supportive, topical, injection, and surgical treatment options.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Masahiro Nemoto, Chi Wan Koo, Jay H. Ryu
Summary: This article discusses the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema, highlighting that this condition is likely underestimated and underreported.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Caroline M. Gorvin
Summary: The clinical presentation of hypercalcaemia in neonates and infants is varied, with causes classified into high or low PTH disorders, requiring thorough evaluation including family history and biochemical measurements.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Transplantation
Agnieszka Janiec, Paulina Halat-Wolska, Lukasz Obrycki, Elzbieta Ciara, Marek Wojcik, Pawel Pludowski, Aldona Wierzbicka, Ewa Kowalska, Janusz B. Ksiazyk, Zbigniew Kulaga, Ewa Pronicka, Mieczyslaw Litwin
Summary: The study found that patients with a history of IH have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease and nephrocalcinosis, especially those with CYP24A1 mutations. Regular monitoring and early preventive measures, such as inhibiting active vitamin D3 metabolites, are crucial for the long-term outcome of these patients.
NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Pietro Emiliano Doneddu, Umberto Pensato, Alessandra Iorfida, Claudia Alberti, Eduardo Nobile-Orazio, Andrea Fabbri, Antonio Voza
Summary: Neuropathic pain is increasingly encountered in the emergency department, accounting for approximately 20% of patients with pain. Understanding its physiology and clinical presentations is crucial for optimal treatment. Diagnosing can be challenging, but emphasis should be placed on comprehensive medical history and examination. Collaboration among different specialties can contribute to evidence-based guidelines for emergency medicine.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
M. A. S. Henning, R. Hay, C. Rodriguez-Cerdeira, J. C. Szepietowski, B. M. Piraccini, M. P. Ferreiros, M. Arabatzis, A. Sergeev, P. Nenoff, L. Kotrekhova, R. J. Nowicki, J. Faergemann, V. Padovese, A. Prohic, M. Skerlev, P. Schmid-Grendelmeier, B. Sigurgeirsson, G. Gaitanis, P. Lecerf, D. M. L. Saunte
Summary: Malassezia folliculitis occurs when the benign colonization of hair follicles by the yeast Malassezia becomes symptomatic, leading to itchy papules and pustules. However, diagnosing and treating this condition varies among dermatologists and countries. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Mycology Task Force has developed recommendations to guide the diagnosis and management of Malassezia folliculitis, including diagnostic methods, required positive findings before treatment, and specific treatment algorithms for different patient groups. Overall, this study provides a clinical strategy for diagnosing and managing Malassezia folliculitis.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Onyee Chan, Aline Renneville, Eric Padron
Summary: CMML is a rare, heterogeneous myeloid malignancy with challenging diagnosis and a need for more molecular information. Symptom-directed approaches form the basis of management, including pharmacological treatment and transplantation. Early clinical trial results show promise for novel therapies in treating CMML.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Weranja Ranasinghe, Daniel D. Shapiro, Miao Zhang, Tharakeswara Bathala, Nora Navone, Timothy C. Thompson, Bradley Broom, Ana Aparicio, Shi-Ming Tu, Chad Tang, John W. Davis, Louis Pisters, Brian F. Chapin
Summary: Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate is the most common variant histological subtype of prostate cancer, with an aggressive clinical course. Diagnosis and treatment pose challenges, and evidence for treatment is predominantly based on retrospective data.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Alsoof, George Anderson, Christopher L. McDonald, Bryce Basques, Eren Kuris, Alan H. Daniels
Summary: Vertebral compression fractures are a common complication of osteoporosis, presenting with low back pain. Diagnosis is made using X-rays, CT, and MRI. Treatment options include medications, bracing, physical therapy, and surgical interventions if necessary.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Cecilie Knudsen, Jonas A. Jurgensen, Sofie Fons, Aleksander M. Haack, Rasmus U. W. Friis, Soren H. Dam, Sean P. Bush, Julian White, Andreas H. Laustsen
Summary: Snakebite envenoming is a major occupational disease in rural tropical areas, with diagnosis relying on patient history and syndromic approach. Disparities in available diagnostic tests and clinician experience globally pose challenges in achieving timely diagnosis and treatment for snakebite victims. Efforts in developing novel diagnostics are crucial for improving patient outcomes, particularly in rural tropical regions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrew S. Zhang, Andrew Xu, Kashif Ansari, Kyle Hardacker, George Anderson, Daniel Alsoof, Alan H. Daniels
Summary: Lumbar disc herniations are a common cause of lower back pain, neurological dysfunction, and buttock/leg pain. Diagnosis is achieved through a thorough history, physical examination, and advanced imaging. Most patients can find relief with nonsurgical treatments, but surgery may be necessary for persistent or worsening symptoms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaoying Gu, Xu Yao, Wei Li
Summary: This review presents the current status of atopic dermatitis (AD) in China, including prevalence, disease burden, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. The prevalence of AD has been increasing rapidly in China, but there are still significant amounts of over-diagnosed eczema and under-diagnosed AD. Chinese dermatologists face challenges in diagnosing AD due to atypical manifestations. Chinese diagnostic criteria have been proposed and validated with high sensitivity and specificity. Dupilumab and JAK inhibitors have shown favorable efficacy for AD patients in China, but patient education and long-term management still need improvement.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. Pepe, N. Bonnet, C. Cipriani, C. Ferrara, M. Rossi, V. De Martino, L. Colangelo, C. Sonato, V. Cecchetti, S. Ferrari, S. Minisola
Summary: The study revealed a significant association between serum k-periostin levels and fractures in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), indicating potential for k-periostin to be a new marker of bone fragility in PHPT, independent of bone mineral density (BMD).
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
S. Minisola, C. Cipriani, E. Vigna, C. Sonato, L. Colangelo, F. Monti, J. Pepe
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jessica Pepe, Michela Rossi, Giulia Battafarano, Pamela Vernocchi, Federica Conte, Valeria Marzano, Eda Mariani, Stefano Levi Mortera, Cristiana Cipriani, Ippolita Rana, Paola Sabrina Buonuomo, Andrea Bartuli, Viviana De Martino, Simone Pelle, Luisa Pascucci, Renato Maria Toniolo, Lorenza Putignani, Salvatore Minisola, Andrea Del Fattore
Summary: This study characterized plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in osteoporotic (OP) postmenopausal women and found that OP patients had significantly increased numbers of EVs and RANKL(+) EVs. In vitro studies revealed that OP EVs promoted osteoclastogenesis and inhibited osteoblast differentiation. miRNA analysis identified specific miRNAs associated with OP EVs and revealed their role in osteoclast differentiation and WNT pathway regulation. Proteomic comparison between OPN and control EVs revealed differences in protein composition. EVs may serve as potential biomarkers for bone loss diseases.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, Marlene Chakhtoura, Cristiana Cipriani, Richard Eastell, Tatiana Karonova, Jian-Min Liu, Salvatore Minisola, Ambrish Mithal, Carolina A. Moreira, Munro Peacock, Marian Schini, Barbara Silva, Marcella Walker, Ola El Zein, Claudio Marcocci
Summary: This narrative review summarizes data on classical and nonclassical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The presentation of PHPT has shifted from predominantly symptomatic to asymptomatic, posing challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Limited knowledge exists regarding the natural history and response to interventions of asymptomatic PHPT.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Viviana De Martino, Jessica Pepe, Federica Biamonte, Luciano Colangelo, Laura Di Giuseppe, Luciano Nieddu, Marco Occhiuto, Salvatore Minisola, Cristiana Cipriani
Summary: Neuromuscular impairment is a non-classical complication of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). This study aimed to assess muscle strength and its determinants in postmenopausal women with PHPT. The findings showed that handgrip strength is significantly impaired in these women and is associated with hypercalcemia.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Salvatore Minisola, Seiji Fukumoto, Weibo Xia, Alessandro Corsi, Luciano Colangelo, Alfredo Scillitani, Jessica Pepe, Cristiana Cipriani, Rajesh Thakker
Summary: Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by bone softening and various symptoms. It is often underdiagnosed due to nonspecific symptoms. Biochemical features include hypophosphatemia, abnormal FGF23 levels, and abnormal vitamin D levels. The underlying tumors are usually phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cristiana Cipriani, Luisella Cianferotti
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Davide Diacinti, Daniele Diacinti, Antonio Iannacone, Jessica Pepe, Luciano Colangelo, Luciano Nieddu, Endi Kripa, Martina Orlandi, Viviana De Martino, Salvatore Minisola, Cristiana Cipriani
Summary: This study found that postmenopausal women with chronic postsurgical hypoparathyroidism have increased bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) which is negatively associated with trabecular microarchitecture, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. Pepe, L. Colangelo, V. De Martino, M. Occhiuto, D. Iervolino, P. Pasqualetti, S. Minisola, C. Cipriani
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association between hematopoietic and skeletal tissues in patients with fragility fractures. The medical records of women over 40 years old who visited the Bone Disease Unit of Sapienza University of Rome for osteoporosis were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that RDW values were significantly associated with vertebral fractures, and hematocrit was negatively associated with hip fractures. These findings provide guidance for doctors in evaluating blood indices in patients with suspected bone fragility.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
L. Cianferotti, C. Cipriani, S. Corbetta, G. Corona, G. Defeudis, A. G. Lania, C. Messina, N. Napoli, G. Mazziotti
Summary: Endocrine diseases can lead to osteoporosis and fractures, but traditional bone density measurement methods may not accurately capture skeletal alterations caused by endocrine disorders. Therefore, it is important to use new techniques to assess bone quality for the diagnosis and prediction of skeletal fragility and fracture risk.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vittoria Carmela Danese, Jessica Pepe, Federica Ferrone, Luciano Colangelo, Viviana De Martino, Luciano Nieddu, Giancarlo Ferrazza, Enrico Panzini, Roberto Pascone, Frank Blocki, Salvatore Minisola, Cristiana Cipriani
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between bone, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Hypovitaminosis D leads to worsening lipid profiles through PTH, while higher PTH levels are associated with elevated glucose and LDL-C levels.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cristiana Cipriani, Luisella Cianferotti
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cristiana Cipriani, Salvatore Minisola, Luciano Colangelo, Viviana De Martino, Federica Ferrone, Federica Biamonte, Vittoria Danese, Chiara Sonato, Rachele Santori, Marco Occhiuto, Jessica Pepe
Summary: The main function of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is to regulate phosphate metabolism through its interaction with sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters in the proximal renal tubules. It also interacts with vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in a complex metabolic pathway. Recent research has focused on FGF23's action on organs and systems other than the kidneys and bone, as well as its interaction with other metabolic pathways. This new evidence has contributed to the clinical evaluation and management of FGF23-related disorders.
MINERVA ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
C. M. Quarato, C. Cipriani, L. Dimitri, D. Lacedonia, P. Graziano, M. Copetti, S. De Cosmo, A. Simeone, G. Scioscia, M. Foschino Barbaro, M. Sperandeo
Summary: The study found that in peripheral lung lesions with a diameter smaller than 5 cm, CEUS did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of TUS-guided PTNB. However, as the lesion size increased, CEUS was able to detect necrosis with higher probability. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of CEUS guidance for larger and necrotic lesions.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Davide Diacinti, Cristiana Cipriani, Federica Biamonte, Jessica Pepe, Luciano Colangelo, Endi Kripa, Antonio Iannacone, Martina Orlandi, Vito Guarnieri, Daniele Diacinti, Salvatore Minisola
Summary: Brown tumors are osteolytic lesions associated with hyperparathyroidism, typically affecting various skeletal segments but rarely the cranio-facial bones. Different imaging technologies, such as CT and MRI, were used for diagnosis and follow-up. A multidisciplinary approach involving clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings is crucial for the differential diagnosis of brown tumors in primary hyperparathyroidism.
