Review
Clinical Neurology
Lindsey B. De Lott, Jeffrey L. Bennett, Fiona Costello
Summary: Optic neuritis is an inflammatory optic neuropathy that is often associated with demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. However, it is frequently misdiagnosed in clinical practice, leading to inappropriate treatment or delays in diagnosis. With an increased understanding of immunopathology, novel disease management strategies are emerging to minimize vision loss and improve long-term surveillance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Li Jiao, Shougang Guo
Summary: This review summarizes the research progress and prospects of anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) therapy in the treatment of central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs).
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ching-Chih Liu, Wan-Ju Annabelle Lee
Summary: Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations after vaccines are rare, with ON being the most common. This case report highlights a rare occurrence of bilateral ON following ChAdOx1-S nCoV-19 vaccination, emphasizing the importance of timely recognition and treatment to prevent permanent vision loss. Patients with vaccination-induced ON may require further evaluation and long-term follow-up for potential neurological complications.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rocio Benitez-Fernandez, Carolina Melero-Jerez, Carmen Gil, Enrique J. de la Rosa, Ana Martinez, Fernando de Castro
Summary: This study validates the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and confirms the therapeutic potential of the small molecule VP3.15 as a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and potentially remyelinating drug for MS therapy. The results emphasize the relevance of OCT for monitoring the efficacy of remyelinating therapies in vivo and highlight VP3.15 as a potential disease modifying drug for MS therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shuntaro Motegi, Takayuki Kanda, Masaru Takeuchi
Summary: We report a case of atypical unilateral optic neuritis after receiving the BNT162b2 mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine. The patient experienced blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, and eye pain. Examination and tests revealed optic disc swelling and thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer in the right eye. Although corticosteroid therapy improved the condition, visual function did not fully recover.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Masnon Nurul-Ain, Zuhratun Nazihah Khairul Kamal, Wan-Hazabbah Wan Hitam, Maimunah Abd Munaaim, Faizah Mohd Zaki
Summary: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody disease is a distinct demyelinating disorder, with optic neuritis as the most common presentation. Patients typically onset between 7 and 37 years old, with most experiencing bilateral simultaneous optic neuritis. Treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) often results in good response, but relapses are common in MOG patients.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jiaqi Liang, Yuxin Zhang, Kaiqun Liu, Xiaoyu Xu, Xiujuan Zhao, Wei Qiu, Xinyu Zhang, Hui Yang
Summary: This study compared the evolution of visual field defects in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-optic neuritis (NMOSD-ON) and idiopathic optic neuritis (IDON). The results showed that NMOSD-ON patients tended to have more severe visual field damage, irregularity, and worse prognosis compared to IDON patients. Diffuse abnormalities and nerve fiber bundle abnormalities were the two most common types in both groups.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yeji Moon, Kyung-Ah Park, Jinu Han, Jeong-Min Hwang, Seong-Joon Kim, Sueng-Han Han, Byung Joo Lee, Min Chae Kang, Yong Hyu Goh, Byung Chan Lim, Hee Kyung Yang, Jae Ho Jung
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the rate of development of symptomatic CNS demyelinating attacks or recurrent ON after the first episode of ON, as well as its risk factors. The results showed that involvement of the extraorbital optic nerve or optic chiasm and asymptomatic lesions on the brain or spinal MRI at initial presentation were significant predictors for CNS demyelinating attack. The cumulative probability of CNS demyelinating attack in the AQP4-IgG group was significantly higher.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Livnat Brill, Esther Ganelin-Cohen, Ron Dabby, Shira Rabinowicz, Efrat Zohar-Dayan, Netaniel Rein, Eyal Aloni, Yuval Karmon, Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
Summary: MOGAD are distinct autoimmune diseases that occur at all stages of life with a significantly higher prevalence in children; the main clinical presenting phenotype in the entire cohort is ON and young children most often presented with ON or ADEM.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Prathama Sarkar, Amit Mehtani, H. C. Gandhi, Vinita Dubey, Parag Maroti Tembhurde, Mohit Kumar Gupta
Summary: Optic neuritis involves inflammation of the optic nerve. Various autoantibodies associated with central nervous system inflammatory disorders provide information that impacts the prognosis, treatment, and recurrence of atypical ON. Collaborative efforts between neurologists and ophthalmologists are essential to finding important clues for the etiology and management of atypical ON. Various biomarkers have been identified to confirm and distinguish atypical optic neuritis from others.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Joana Martins-Macedo, Angelo C. Lepore, Helena S. Domingues, Antonio J. Salgado, Eduardo D. Gomes, Luisa Pinto
Summary: Glial-restricted precursor cells (GRPs) are progenitors with differentiation potential restricted to the glial lineage in the central nervous system. These cells have been used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative and traumatic pathologies, showing promising results.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeff Huang, Donald Brien, Brian C. Coe, Giulia Longoni, Donald J. Mabbott, Douglas P. Munoz, E. Ann Yeh
Summary: This study used eye-tracking and pupillometry to evaluate visual and cognitive functions in adolescents with demyelinating disorders. The results showed altered pupil control in patients, while eye-tracking performance was comparable between patients and controls. There were strong associations between eye-tracking parameters and optic neuritis history, structural metrics, and visual and cognitive scores.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shuo Zhao, Huanfen Zhou, Quangang Xu, Hong Dai, Shihui Wei
Summary: The study found that low-dose rituximab is significantly effective and well-tolerated in treating NMO-ON, reducing symptoms and improving vision stability or improvement in most patients during the follow-up period. High relapse-free rate was observed in patients who were followed up for over 12 months.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Weijia Xiong, Tim K. Tsang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Nancy H. L. Leung, Vicky J. Fang, Ian G. Barr, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling
Summary: We explored the biphasic pattern of antibody titers waning after influenza vaccination in children. Using blood samples, we found evidence for a faster waning in the first 1-2 years, followed by a slower decline in the longer term. Children with higher postvaccination titers showed faster antibody decay.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Yo Han Jang, Baik L. Seong
Summary: Influenza virus infection poses a major public health challenge, with current vaccines potentially compromised by viral antigenic changes. Efforts are underway to develop a universal influenza vaccine that provides long-lasting and broad protection. Immune responses induced by live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), including neutralizing antibodies, T cell responses, and mucosal immunity, show promising potential for serving as attractive platforms for a universal influenza vaccine.
