Article
Immunology
Ahmed O. Shalash, Luke Becker, Jieru Yang, Paul Giacomin, Mark Pearson, Waleed M. Hussein, Alex Loukas, Mariusz Skwarczynski, Istvan Toth
Summary: Approximately 0.4 billion individuals worldwide are infected with hookworm, reinforcing the need for an effective oral vaccine to both improve health outcomes and economic growth in disease-endemic areas. The most promising antigenic target for vaccine development is APR-1, which can reduce worm burdens in vaccinated hosts through antibody-mediated neutralization.
Article
Immunology
Marie-Astrid Hoogerwerf, Jan Pieter R. Koopman, Jacqueline J. Janse, Marijke C. C. Langenberg, Roos van Schuijlenburg, Yvonne C. M. Kruize, Eric A. T. Brienen, Mikhael D. Manurung, Petra Verbeek-Menken, Martha T. van der Beek, Inge M. Westra, Pauline Meij, Leo G. Visser, Lisette van Lieshout, Sake J. de Vlas, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Luc E. Coffeng, Meta Roestenberg
Summary: The study found that repeated infection with hookworm larvae increased egg counts, reduced relative variability in egg output, and did not aggravate adverse events.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Benjamin Amoani, Ben Gyan, Samuel Asamoah Sakyi, Emmanuel Kwasi Abu, Samuel Victor Nuvor, Precious Barnes, Tracy Sarkodie-Addo, Benjamin Ahenkorah, Christian Sewor, Duah Dwomoh, Michael Theisen, Michael Cappello, Michael D. Wilson, Bright Adu
Summary: Individuals co-infected with hookworm and malaria have higher antibody responses to the GMZ2 antigen, which decrease after deworming treatment, potentially impacting malaria vaccine efficacy.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Ahmed O. Shalash, Luke Becker, Jieru Yang, Paul Giacomin, Mark Pearson, Waleed M. Hussein, Alex Loukas, Istvan Toth, Mariusz Skwarczynski
Summary: This study compared the protective efficacy of peptide vaccines and a clinical vaccine, and found that peptide vaccines based on p3 provided safer and higher protection against hookworm infection compared with the clinical vaccine Na-APR-1.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Parasitology
Alex Loukas, Rick M. Maizels, Peter J. Hotez
Summary: Soil-transmitted helminths infections are still prevalent and neglected tropical diseases, with vaccines in advanced clinical development for hookworm infection but in early stages for other species. The potent immunoregulatory properties of these helminths present a challenge for developing long-term protective immunity. However, they also offer opportunities for developing new anti-inflammatory drugs utilizing these immunomodulatory strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Paul R. Chapman, Stacey Llewellyn, Helen Jennings, Luke Becker, Paul Giacomin, Rodney McDougall, Jennifer Robson, Alex Loukas, James McCarthy
Summary: This study provides detailed information about the production and characterization of Necator americanus larvae. The researchers found that larval yield varied significantly between batches and was not associated with faecal hookworm DNA content. Larval viability decreased over time and the age of the larvae at the time of use was found to be important. Incubation in antiseptics temporarily reduced microbial bioburden but had little effect on viability, while incubation in gentamicin reduced microbial bioburden but also significantly lowered larval motility.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Juliane U. Klamser, Olivier Dauchot, Julien Tailleur
Summary: The study reveals that for kinetic Monte Carlo descriptions of active particles, a continuous-time limit is ill-defined when relying solely on persistent, active steps. However, mixing passive steps with active ones can lead to a well-defined continuous-time limit. New KMC algorithms are proposed to obtain dynamics of active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, active Brownian, and run-and-tumble particles.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Fei Gao, Qing Peng, Danhong Huang
Summary: Understanding and mitigating radiation effects are crucial for reliable operation of compound semiconductor based electronics in space and strategic environments. This study employs a multiscale modeling approach to uncover the damage process and explore radiation resistance mechanisms in HgTe. Contrary to common belief, direct amorphization and fast migration of interstitials within amorphous pockets are found to be the dominant driving force for rapid defect recovery, significantly enhancing radiation resistance. This research provides a foundation for predictive capabilities in designing and enabling radiation resistance in robust semiconductors.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jie Zou, Chunyan Fan, Xiu Liu, Lei Wang
Summary: In this study, we conducted grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the adsorption of methane in deformable ink-bottle pores with varying sizes. Our simulations provide insights into the width change of the wide and narrow sections in the ink-bottle pores during adsorption, as well as the solvation pressure exerted by the adsorbates on the pore walls. We found that the deformation of the neck or cavity is not solely determined by the solvation pressure directly exerted on it, but also influenced by a bonded effect between the two sections of the ink-bottle pores.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emmanuel C. C. Mrimi, Sophie Welsche, Said M. M. Ali, Jan Hattendorf, Jennifer Keiser
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Emodepside in treating soil-transmitted helminth infections. The results demonstrated that Emodepside has potential as a therapeutic option for both Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie M. Ryan, Roland Ruscher, Wayne A. Johnston, Darren A. Pickering, Malcolm W. Kennedy, Brian O. Smith, Linda Jones, Geraldine Buitrago, Matt A. Field, Adrian J. Esterman, Connor P. McHugh, Daniel J. Browne, Martha M. Cooper, Rachael Y. M. Ryan, Denise L. Doolan, Christian R. Engwerda, Kim Miles, Makedonka Mitreva, John Croese, Tony Rahman, Kirill Alexandrov, Paul R. Giacomin, Alex Loukas
Summary: A biologics discovery and validation pipeline was used to generate and screen a recombinant cell-free secretome library of helminth-derived immunomodulatory proteins. The identified proteins offer promise as novel and safe biologics for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chris Halcrow, Egor Babaev
Summary: This study investigates ferroelectric domain walls in barium titanate-type systems with perfect electric screening. It discovers that non-Ising walls have lower energy and nonmonotonic interaction forces, making them suitable for memory applications.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lilian C. K. Biasi, Ana L. R. Romano, Roger J. Zemp, Matthias Heinkenschloss, Fabio R. M. Batista, Antonio J. A. Meirelles
Summary: The study looks at the distillation of methanol-ethanol and multicomponent hydrated bioethanol, finding that increasing the number of phase divisions improves thermodynamic efficiency and reduces energy losses. From a construction perspective, having four phase divisions instead of one division significantly improves operational costs. Additionally, in the production of hydrated bioethanol, four-vapor divisions lead to a reduction in energy consumption.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
E. S. Nani, Britta Nestler
Summary: The asymptotic analysis of multi-phase-field models is often not rigorously performed, and the justification for certain model assumptions is usually heuristic. The transition from an initial filling to a state characterized by separated bulk phases is rarely addressed, and there is a lack of detailed numerical studies on the predicted asymptotic laws.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. L. Corrigall, M. Griffiths, B. Petrovic, L. R. Greenwood
Summary: The study focuses on the material properties of the core shroud and supporting tie rod components in Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) and their impact on life extension. The research reveals that while boron has minimal effect on atomic displacement damage, helium production from boron is significant and must be considered in weldability assessments. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of helium generation in Inconel X-750 tie rod materials for susceptibility to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking in high neutron flux environments.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Kristina J. Nicholson, Kenneth J. Smith, Kelly L. McCoy, Sally E. Carty, Linwah Yip
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vikram K. Raghu, David G. Binion, Kenneth J. Smith
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ann E. Wiringa, Roberta B. Ness, Toni Darville, Richard H. Beigi, Catherine L. Haggerty
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman, Kenneth J. Smith
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Surgery
Chethan M. Puttarajappa, Rajil B. Mehta, Mark S. Roberts, Kenneth J. Smith, Sundaram Hariharan
Summary: The study found that screening for subclinical rejection more than once during the first year after kidney transplantation is not economically reasonable, with a one-time screening at peak incidence being the preferred option. Screening with protocol biopsy was favored over using biomarkers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Hawre Jalal, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: The study indicates that further research on parameters of pneumococcal vaccine uptake programs is not supported at commonly cited US cost-effectiveness benchmarks in adults. It is justifiable to conduct further research to reduce uncertainty in other aspects of adult pneumococcal vaccination.
Article
Immunology
Kenneth J. Smith, Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to declines in childhood PCV13 vaccination rates, which could result in increased pneumococcal disease rates in seniors, impacting the economic favorability of PCV13 vaccination in older adults. Absolute decreases of over 50% in pediatric PCV13 vaccination over a two-year period would be needed to make intensified PCV13 use economically favorable in non-immunocompromised seniors.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Clark A. Veet, Stephen Capone, David Panczykowski, Natasha Parekh, Kenneth J. Smith, Dong H. Kim, H. Alex Choi, Spiros L. Blackburn
Summary: The study found that immediate surgical treatment is the most cost-effective strategy for small unruptured anterior circulation aneurysms, particularly in patients under 70 years of age. The cost-effectiveness of immediate surgery is highly sensitive to factors such as diagnosis age, rupture rate, and surgical complication risk.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Margaret F. Zupa, Ronald A. Codario, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: The study found that for patients with Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, semaglutide is likely to be more cost-effective than empagliflozin added to usual treatment.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Lauren E. Sigler, Andrew D. Althouse, Teresa H. Thomas, Robert M. Arnold, Douglas White, Thomas J. Smith, Edward Chu, Margaret Rosenzweig, Kenneth J. Smith, Yael Schenker
Summary: This study assessed the effect of an oncology nurse-led primary palliative care intervention on illness expectations among patients with advanced cancer. The results showed little difference in realistic illness expectations at 3 months between the intervention and standard care groups. The study suggests that illness expectations are difficult to change among patients with advanced cancer.
JCO ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vikram K. Raghu, Wednesday M. A. Sevilla, Dale E. King, Feras Alissa, Scott Rothenberger, Kenneth J. Smith, Simon P. Horslen, Jeffrey A. Rudolph
Summary: Centers for intestinal rehabilitation and transplantation commonly use alternative intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs), which is significant for decision support in specific clinical scenarios.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Kenneth J. Smith, Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman
Summary: The general population recommendations for PCV20 use are more economically reasonable for both Black and non-Black older adult populations compared to PCV15/PPSV23. If a single vaccine can increase the uptake, especially in underserved populations, the use of PCV20 becomes even more favorable.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: The introduction summarizes the CDC's recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination in older adults and the potential benefits of an in-development 21-valent vaccine (PCV21) compared to current recommendations. A decision model was used to compare the cost-effectiveness of PCV21 to current vaccines in Black and non-Black cohorts. The results indicate that PCV21 is likely to be economically and clinically favorable in older adults.
Article
Economics
Shoroq M. Altawalbeh, Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman, Kenneth J. Smith
Summary: This study estimated the societal cost of racial disparities in pneumococcal disease among US adults aged >= 50 years. The findings suggest that the racial disparities in costs are substantial and implementing policies and interventions could reduce these costs and improve health.
APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY
(2023)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Lee H. Harrison, William Schaffner, Richard K. Zimmerman, Kenneth J. Smith
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2020)
