Review
Oncology
William J. Liu, Haixia Xiao, Lianpan Dai, Di Liu, Jianjun Chen, Xiaopeng Qi, Yuhai Bi, Yi Shi, George F. Gao, Yingxia Liu
Summary: Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, closely associated with live poultry markets, has caused infections in humans in China since 2013. Five waves of the epidemic occurred between 2013 and 2017, with the emergence of highly pathogenic strains causing concern. Rapid response and control by specialists and officials utilized new technologies and surveillance tools. Characteristics of the virus were reviewed from multiple perspectives to provide tools for reducing future threats from H7N9 and other viruses.
FRONTIERS OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alexander Postel, Jacqueline King, Franziska K. Kaiser, Johanna Kennedy, Mara Sophie Lombardo, Wencke Reineking, Madeleine de le Roi, Timm Harder, Anne Pohlmann, Thomas Gerlach, Guus Rimmelzwaan, Simon Rohner, Lotte C. Striewe, Stephanie Gross, Luca A. Schick, Jana C. Klink, Katharina Kramer, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Martin Beer, Wolfgang Baumgaertner, Ursula Siebert, Paul Becher
Summary: High virus loads of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 were detected in the brain tissue of three harbor seals from the German North Sea coast. This indicates high exposure to HPAIV circulating in wild birds.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Catalina Barboza-Solis, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Ana Perez-Contreras, Ahmed Ali, Tomy Joseph, Robin King, Madhu Ravi, Delores Peters, Kevin Fonseca, Carl A. Gagnon, Frank van der Meer, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT-LT) vaccine against a genotype VI Canadian wild-type ILTV infection and found that the vaccine had limited effectiveness in reducing clinical symptoms but significantly reduced ILTV shedding. Overall, rHVT-LT provided partial protection against genotype VI ILTV infection.
Article
Immunology
Esraa A. Elshafiee, Ishara M. Isham, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Ana Perez-Contreras, Catalina Barboza-Solis, Madhu Ravi, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: This study compared the host responses elicited by chicken-embryo-origin revertant and wildtype infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) strains in chickens. The results showed that both strains induced severe clinical and pathological manifestations, as well as a significant recruitment of immune cells in the tracheal mucosa and lung tissues of infected chickens.
Article
Immunology
Juan Li, Chunge Zhang, Jian Cao, Yongchun Yang, Hui Dong, Yanan Cui, Xue Yao, Hong Zhou, Lu Lu, Samantha Lycett, Xiaodu Wang, Houhui Song, Wenjun Liu, George F. Gao, Weifeng Shi, Yuhai Bi
Summary: In mid-November 2020, deaths of whooper swans were reported in the Yellow River Reservoir Area, China. This study identified four clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 highly avian influenza viruses from a sick whooper swan and environmental samples, closely related to recent H5Nx HPAIVs causing outbreaks in Eurasia. The newly identified H5N8 HPAIVs possessed avian-like receptors but had antigenic mutations, highlighting the risk of rapid global spread and the need for continuous monitoring of avian influenza viruses in wild birds.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Valentina Caliendo, Lonneke Leijten, Marco W. G. van de Bildt, Marjolein J. Poen, Adinda Kok, Theo Bestebroer, Mathilde Richard, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Thijs Kuiken
Summary: This study showed that ducks infected with a less-virulent HPAIV developed immunity that was protective against a subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yeojin Hong, Anh Duc Truong, Thi Hao Vu, Sooyeon Lee, Jubi Heo, Suyeon Kang, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong
Summary: In this study, the expression profiles of miRNAs in White Leghorn chickens infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 were investigated. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the exosomes derived from infected chickens, and their target genes were predicted. The majority of the target genes were associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, and several immune-related genes were regulated by these differentially expressed miRNAs. The findings provide a theoretical basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of exosomal miRNAs in response to HPAIV H5N1 infection and identifying novel vaccine candidates.
Article
Microbiology
Xianliang Ke, Zhongzi Yao, Yangyu Tang, Mengting Yang, Yong Li, Guoxiang Yang, Jing Chen, Guang Chen, Wei Feng, Hesong Zheng, Quanjiao Chen
Summary: In this study, the whole-genomes of six H5N1 viruses obtained from dead or rescued wild birds in Hubei Province were analyzed. These viruses were classified into two genotypes and had different evolutionary trajectories compared to previously reported H5N1 viruses in China. The analysis revealed extensive reassortment events between highly pathogenic and low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Furthermore, amino acid analysis suggested a potential threat of H5N1 viruses to public health. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the prevalence patterns of H5N1 viruses in wild birds and contribute to the understanding of the viral population data in central China.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Jiasong Xiong, Hao Zhou, Lifang Fan, Gongliang Zhu, Yong Li, Guang Chen, Jun Zhang, Jundong Li, Hesong Zheng, Wei Feng, Jing Chen, Guoxiang Yang, Quanjiao Chen
Summary: The study identified eleven highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses that were detected in migratory birds in Central China between November and December 2020. These strains were found to be highly homologous to those isolated in Europe from October to December 2020, suggesting a possible spread from Siberia via migratory birds. The research also revealed that H5N8 virus infection in migratory birds could lead to severe pathological damage and high viral load in multiple organs.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Fatin Ahmad Rizal, Kok Lian Ho, Abdul Rahman Omar, Wen Siang Tan, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah, Munir Iqbal
Summary: This study compared the molecular markers of a locally isolated LPAI AIV strain H5N2 from Malaysia with reference HPAI strains, revealing distinct characteristics of the Malaysian strain and its potential role in the epidemiological research on circulating AIV in poultry.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Debapriyo Chakraborty, Claire Guinat, Nicola F. Muller, Francois-Xavier Briand, Mathieu Andraud, Axelle Scoizec, Sophie Lebouquin, Eric Niqueux, Audrey Schmitz, Beatrice Grasland, Jean-Luc Guerin, Mathilde C. Paul, Timothee Vergne
Summary: This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of the highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic in France in 2016-2017 and assessed the impact of control measures on viral spread. The results showed that large-scale culling of ducks significantly reduced viral spread between regions, while restrictions on duck transport within regions may not completely stop the viral spread.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yi Li, Xiang Li, Xinru Lv, Qiuzi Xu, Zhenliang Zhao, Siyuan Qin, Peng Peng, Fengyi Qu, Rongxiu Qin, Qing An, Meixi Wang, Zhen Zhang, Hua Luo, Xiangwei Zeng, Yulong Wang, Zhijun Hou, Heting Sun, Yajun Wang, Yu Xu, Yanbing Li, Hongliang Chai
Summary: This study isolated 15 H5N8 and 2 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b from dead migratory birds and fecal samples in Tibet, China. The findings suggest that breeding grounds may contribute to the accumulation of avian influenza viruses in different migratory populations.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ana Perez-Contreras, Catalina Barboza-Solis, Shahnas M. Najimudeen, Sylvia Checkley, Frank van der Meer, Tomy Joseph, Robin King, Madhu Ravi, Delores Peters, Kevin Fonseca, Carl A. Gagnon, Davor Ojkic, Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Summary: The study evaluated the pathogenicity and transmission potential of a Canadian-origin CEO vaccine revertant ILTV, showing that this revertant virus induced severe disease and successfully transmitted to naive contact-exposed chickens, indicating higher virulence and dissemination potential compared to the wildtype ILTV isolates used in the study.
Article
Immunology
Anna Parys, Elien Vandoorn, Jacqueline King, Annika Graaf, Anne Pohlmann, Martin Beer, Timm Harder, Kristien Van Reeth
Summary: A pig farmer in the Netherlands was infected with a Eurasian avian-like swine influenza A(H1N1) virus that was also found in the farmed pigs. Antigenic and genetic characterization of both viruses was conducted. Continued surveillance of swine influenza A viruses is necessary for assessing risks in humans and pigs.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yeojin Hong, Anh Duc Truong, Jiae Lee, Thi Hao Vu, Sooyeon Lee, Ki-Duk Song, Hyun S. Lillehoj, Yeong Ho Hong
Summary: This study identified significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in resistant chickens compared to susceptible chickens after H5N1 infection, with a focus on regulation of immune-related genes, particularly the MAPK pathway molecules. The results showed higher miRNA expression levels in resistant chickens than susceptible chickens, indicating a potential for using exosomal miRNA expression as biomarkers for disease resistance against HPAIV H5N1.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)