Article
Immunology
Petra Girardi, Shushan Harutyunyan, Irene Neuhauser, Katharina Glaninger, Orsolya Korda, Gabor Nagy, Eszter Nagy, Valeria Szijarto, Denes Pall, Krisztina Szarka, Gabor Kardos, Tamas Henics, Frank J. Malinoski
Summary: ShigETEC is a promising vaccine candidate for Shigella spp. and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections. It was found to be well tolerated and safe in a Phase I clinical trial, inducing immune responses and specific antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Tew Hui Xian, Subramani Parasuraman, Manickam Ravichandran, Guruswamy Prabhakaran
Summary: Diarrhoeal diseases are the second leading cause of mortality in children in low- and middle-income countries. Cholera vaccines have shown short-term cross-protection against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection. This study demonstrates the safety, immunogenicity, and cross-protective efficacy of MyChol(TM) against ETEC H10407 challenge.
Article
Immunology
Ann-Mari Svennerholm, Anna Lundgren, Susannah Leach, Marjahan Akhtar, Firdausi Qadri
Summary: The ETVAX oral vaccine demonstrated the potential to induce strong mucosal immune responses in a majority of vaccinated Swedish adults and individuals of different age groups, including infants, in Bangladesh, showing promise in combating enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ipshita Upadhyay, Kathryn L. Lauder, Siqi Li, Galen Ptacek, Weiping Zhang
Summary: Currently, there is no licensed vaccine for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), a major cause of diarrhea in developing countries and among travelers. A protein-based multivalent vaccine candidate called MecVax has been shown to induce antibodies that neutralize ETEC toxins and inhibit bacterial adherence. In this study, adult rabbits immunized with MecVax showed a significant reduction in intestinal colonization by ETEC, suggesting that MecVax may be an effective vaccine candidate against ETEC.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carolina Y. Garcia, Hyesuk Seo, David A. Sack, Weiping Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the broad immunogenicity of a multivalent ETEC subunit vaccine candidate and suggests that it can be effectively delivered via the intradermal route. The vaccine induces functional antibodies against ETEC adhesins and toxins when administered intradermally.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kyle Brumfield, Hyesuk Seo, Nnebuefe Idegwu, Chad Artman, Laura Gonyar, James Nataro, Weiping Zhang, David Sack, James Geyer, Julius Goepp
Summary: This research evaluates the feasibility of using avian immunoglobulins (IgY) to prevent diarrheal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The results show that IgY can inhibit the adhesion of ETEC and has the potential to be a prophylactic treatment for diarrheal diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hyesuk Seo, Qiangde Duan, Ipshita Upadhyay, Weiping Zhang
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of children's diarrhea and travelers' diarrhea, but there are currently no licensed vaccines against ETEC. Recent studies have shown that the protein-based vaccine candidate MecVax can generate functional antibodies against ETEC toxins and adhesins, providing protection in animal models. This study further confirms the broad immunogenicity of MecVax and evaluates the effect of vaccine antigen dose on antibody response and functional activities against ETEC toxins and bacterial adherence in mice, providing useful information for future human trials and the development of MecVax as an effective ETEC vaccine.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Nicole Maier, Shannon L. Grahek, Jane Halpern, Suzanne Restrepo, Felipe Troncoso, Janet Shimko, Olga Torres, Jaime Belkind-Gerson, David A. Sack, Ann-Mari Svennerholm, Bjorn Gustafsson, Bjorn Sjostrand, Nils Carlin, A. Louis Bourgeois, Chad K. Porter
Summary: The efficacy of an oral whole cell ETEC vaccine against travelers' diarrhea was reevaluated using novel outcome and immunologic measures. The vaccine showed effectiveness against both severe and mild ETEC-associated diarrhea, and its efficacy was related to immunologic response and TD severity. These findings highlight the importance of improving vaccine formulation and suggest the inclusion of TD severity score as an endpoint in future studies.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Melibea Berzosa, Alzbeta Nemeskalova, Alba Calvo, Gemma Quincoces, Maria Collantes, Felix Pareja, Carlos Gamazo, Juan Manuel Irache
Summary: ETEC is a major pathogen causing diseases and deaths in the human population, but there is currently no licensed vaccine available. This study proposes the use of OMVs isolated from ETEC clinical strains as a vaccine, which induces an immune response in mice. Oral administration of OMVs encapsulated in nanoparticles delays their transit through the gut.
Article
Immunology
Ephrem Debebe Zegeye, Yuleima Diaz, Pal Puntervoll
Summary: Heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) producing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children under five in low-to-middle income countries. ST mutation is necessary for ETEC vaccine to prevent immunological cross-reaction. The study shows that mutating L9 can further reduce the risk of cross-reacting antibodies. However, balancing between disrupting cross-reacting epitopes and maintaining protective ones is challenging.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Melibea Berzosa, Alzbeta Nemeskalova, Amaia Zuniga-Ripa, Miriam Salvador-Bescos, Eneko Larraneta, Ryan F. Donnelly, Carlos Gamazo, Juan M. Irache
Summary: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a major cause of acute diarrhea in children in developing countries and a common cause of diarrhea in international travelers. This study investigates the immune response induced by a recombinant LTB unit incorporated in microneedles (rLTB-MN) in mice.
Article
Microbiology
Siqi Li, Hyesuk Seo, Ipshita Upadhyay, Weiping Zhang
Summary: This study improved the adhesin MEFA-II to generate functional antibodies against ETEC adhesins, but not the toxins STa and LT.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ipshita Upadhyay, Shafiullah M. D. Parvej, Siqi Li, Kathryn L. Lauder, Yiyang Shen, Weiping Zhang
Summary: An effective vaccine against ETEC is lacking, which is a primary cause of children's and traveler's diarrhea and a global health threat. The key challenge in ETEC vaccine development is the expression of heterogeneous virulence determinants by ETEC bacteria. This study utilized a unique vaccinology platform to develop a polyvalent antigen that demonstrated broad immunogenicity and functions against targeted ETEC strains.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ian E. Hollifield, Natalya I. Motyka, Kaylynn A. Fernando, Jacob P. Bitoun
Summary: Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is a common cause of secretory diarrhea in children and adults. The ability of ETEC to survive within macrophages and their interaction with the host immune system is not well understood.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Narae Kim, Min Jeong Gu, Yoon-Chul Kye, Young-Jun Ju, Rira Hong, Do Bin Ju, Young Jin Pyung, Seung Hyun Han, Byung-Chul Park, Cheol-Heui Yun
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of phage EK99P-1 on ETEC K99-infected porcine intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that phage EK99P-1 prevented barrier disruption and decreased inflammatory responses caused by ETEC K99. In addition, it also modulated the immune cell inflammatory response by regulating the intestinal barrier and cytokines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)