Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jungyo Suh, Hyeong Dong Yuk, Chang Wook Jeong, Cheol Kwak, Hyeon Hoe Kim, Ja Hyeon Ku
Summary: This study found that preoperative pyuria, a history of upper urinary tract cancer, and tumor multiplicity are important predictors of BCG treatment unresponsiveness, with pyuria also being a significant prognostic factor for progression-free survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bohyun Kim, Insoon Jang, Kwangsoo Kim, Minsun Jung, Cheol Lee, Jeong Hwan Park, Young A. Kim, Kyung Chul Moon
Summary: Multiple mRNA-based classification systems for urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UB UC) have been reported, showing different treatment responses and prognoses for each molecular subtype. In this study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to classify UB UC into different subgroups based on CK5/6 and CK20 expression. The CK5/6 positive subgroup exhibited a gene expression signature related to aggressive behavior and worse clinical outcome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Gorka Larrinaga, Julio Calvete-Candenas, Jon Danel Solano-Iturri, Ana M. Martin, Angel Pueyo, Caroline E. Nunes-Xavier, Rafael Pulido, Juan F. Dorado, Jose I. Lopez, Javier C. Angulo
Summary: This study provides a novel description of the (Pro)renin receptor (PRR) protein and its prognostic role in invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder. It demonstrates that PRR expression is an independent prognostic marker and may be a potential target in urothelial carcinoma. The study suggests that PRR activates pathogenic pathways contributing to cell proliferation, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and aggressive neoplastic phenotypes.
Article
Oncology
Giuseppe Basile, Marco Bandini, Ewan A. Gibb, Jeffrey S. Ross, Daniele Raggi, Laura Marandino, Tiago Costa de Padua, Emanuele Crupi, Renzo Colombo, Maurizio Colecchia, Roberta Lucian, Luigi Nocera, Marco Moschini, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Andrea Necchi
Summary: The PURE-01 study confirms the sustained efficacy of neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial bladder carcinoma (MIBC). PD-L1 expression is the strongest predictor of sustained response post-RC.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Keisuke Shigeta, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Koichiro Ogihara, Tetsushi Murakami, Tadatsugu Anno, Kota Umeda, Mizuki Izawa, Yuto Baba, Tansei Sanjo, Kazunori Shojo, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Toshikazu Takeda, Takeo Kosaka, Ryuichi Mizuno, Shuji Mikami, Eiji Kikuchi, Mototsugu Oya
Summary: This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and oncological outcomes of patients with UTUC who developed MIBC after RNU. The study identified risk factors for MIBC progression after initial IVR and compared outcomes with primary MIBC patients. Molecular analysis revealed differences in FGFR3 and p53 expression between UTUC and primary MIBC, with UTUC patients exhibiting more favorable outcomes after developing MIBC.
Article
Oncology
Iman M. Ahmad, Alicia J. Dafferner, Kelly A. O'Connell, Kamiya Mehla, Bradley E. Britigan, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Maher Y. Abdalla
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Tumor hypoxia promotes tumor progression, malignancy, and therapy resistance in PDAC. The study demonstrates that nab-paclitaxel-gemcitabine (NPG) and a hypoxic tumor microenvironment up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), providing a survival advantage for tumors.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Thomas F. Monaghan, Dennis J. Robins, Nicholas R. Suss, Connelly D. Miller, Viktor X. Flores, Matthew T. Smith, Jeffrey P. Weiss, Brian K. McNeil, Andrew G. Winer
Summary: The study identified that age, disease severity, cancer stage, income, distance to treatment center, treatment in certain programs, and year of diagnosis were independent predictors of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients. Access to transportation and social resources also impact the likelihood of receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sungmin Woo, Anton S. Becker, Jeeban P. Das, Soleen Ghafoor, Yuki Arita, Nicole Benfante, Natalie Gangai, Min Yuen Teo, Alvin C. Goh, Hebert A. Vargas
Summary: BP-MRI is more accurate than MP-MRI in identifying residual disease after NAC in MIBC patients. A negative BP-MRI is associated with better outcomes and provides complementary information to pathological assessment of cystectomy specimens.
Review
Oncology
Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia, Javier Torres-Jimenez, Carolina Bueno-Bravo, Rebeca Garcia-Mondaray, Jose Daniel Subiela, Pablo Gajate
Summary: The risk of recurrence in patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) remains high, and current surgical and perioperative treatments have limitations. This review focuses on new drugs, particularly immunotherapy and targeted agents, for perioperative treatment of MIBC. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin-based treatment followed by radical cystectomy is the standard of care, but only a portion of patients can undergo this treatment, and many will develop metastatic disease. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted agents, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy, is being investigated in clinical trials for neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment with promising outcomes.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Bernadett Szabados, Mark Kockx, Zoe June Assaf, Pieter-Jan van Dam, Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Ignacio Duran, Simon J. Crabb, Michiel S. Van Der Heijden, Albert Font Pous, Gwenaelle Gravis, Urbano Anido Herranz, Andrew Protheroe, Alain Ravaud, Denis Maillet, Maria Jose Mendez, Cristina Suarez, Mark Linch, Aaron Prendergast, Charlotte Tyson, Diana Stanoeva, Sofie Daelemans, Miche Rombouts, Sanjeev Mariathasan, Joy S. Tea, Kelly Mousa, Shruti Sharma, Alexey Aleshin, Romain Banchereau, Daniel Castellano, Thomas Powles
Summary: The results of the ABACUS trial showed that neoadjuvant atezolizumab in MIBC is associated with significant clinical responses and high DFS. CD8+ expression and serial ctDNA levels are correlated with outcomes and may contribute to personalized therapy in the future.
Review
Immunology
Sen Yang, Jing Ouyang, Yanqiu Lu, Vijay Harypursat, Yaokai Chen
Summary: Iron metabolism is essential for the survival of humans and microorganisms, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a significant role in this process. Recent studies have shown that HO-1 has a dual role in tuberculosis, acting as both a cytoprotective molecule and potentially facilitating the survival and dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This understanding of the interplay between HO-1, tuberculosis, and the host is crucial for the development of potential strategies to modulate HO-1 and iron metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Artur Leminski, Wojciech Michalski, Bartlomiej Masojc, Krystian Kaczmarek, Bartosz Malkiewicz, Jakub Kienitz, Barbara Zawisza-Leminska, Michal Falco, Marcin Slojewski
Summary: Despite evidence supporting its effectiveness, safety, and preservation of quality of life, organ-sparing combined-modality treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer is not widely used. It can be offered to patients who do not want to undergo radical cystectomy or are unfit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. Treatment plans should be individualized, with more intensive protocols offered to patients who are fit for surgery but choose organ-sparing. Evaluation after transurethral resection and neoadjuvant chemotherapy should guide further management with chemoradiation or early cystectomy for non-responders. A hypofractionated, continuous radiotherapy regimen with concurrent radiosensitizing chemotherapy is currently preferred. Response should be evaluated with repeated transurethral resections and abdominopelvic-computed tomography, with quarterly assessments during the first year. Salvage cystectomy should be considered for patients who fail to respond to treatment or develop muscle-invasive recurrence. Non-muscle-invasive bladder recurrences and upper tract tumors should be treated according to guidelines for respective primary tumors. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging can be used for tumor staging and monitoring response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunliang Cheng, Dongxu Qiu, Jinbo Chen, Xiongbing Zu, Jinhui Liu, Huihuang Li, Jiao Hu, Zhenglin Yi, Tongchen He, Zhi Chen, Yu Cui
Summary: The study confirmed the efficacy and toxicity of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) plus intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) regimen for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Compared to intravesical instillation, this treatment showed better therapeutic effect, with most adverse events being Grade I and II.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chuanzhen Cao, Zhichao Fu, Yueping Liu, Aiping Zhou, Jianfei Wang, Jianzhong Shou
Summary: This case study discusses a novel bladder-sparing regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy, which successfully achieved bladder preservation and cancer-free status in a 50-year-old male patient with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Surveillance using imaging examinations, cystoscopy, and urine tumor DNA (utDNA) levels showed promising outcomes after treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jiaqiang Zhang, Shyh-Chyi Chang, Ming-Feng Chiang, Kuo-Chin Chiu, Szu-Yuan Wu
Summary: This study showed that among patients with MIBUC undergoing TURBT followed by CCRT for bladder preservation, current smokers with smoking-related COPD had significantly worse survival outcomes compared to nonsmokers without COPD. Additionally, hospitalization frequency for COPD with acute exacerbation within 1 year before CCRT was strongly associated with higher mortality in these patients.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2021)