Journal
URBAN FORESTRY & URBAN GREENING
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 397-402Publisher
ELSEVIER GMBH
DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2013.11.003
Keywords
City parks; Frog; Isolation effect; Salamander
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan [23248021]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [23248021, 23780153] Funding Source: KAKEN
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We examined factors that affect egg distributions of amphibians, which are currently declining globally, in urban areas. We counted the number of egg masses of two amphibian species (Hynobius retardatus and Rana pirica) in ponds in urban green spaces during two years (2011 and 2012) and investigated the effects of local and landscape factors on them. Forest area in green spaces and pond area had positive effects, and distance from continuous forests in the suburbs and the rate of pond shore protection had negative effects,on the number of eggs. Among these factors, distance from continuous forests and pond area had strong effects on egg distributions. These results suggest the importance of water habitat size and the need for colonization by amphibians from surrounding continuous forests. To conserve urban amphibian assemblages, the preservation of ponds with sufficient area and continuous forests close to urban habitats would be important. (C) 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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