Article
Physics, Applied
Marcus Newton, Ulrich Wagner, Christoph Rau
Summary: Correlated electronic materials, such as vanadium dioxide, exhibit strong coupling between lattice, spin, and orbital degrees of freedom, leading to emergent behavior that is useful for next-generation technologies. In this study, coherent X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on a single nanocrystal of vanadium dioxide to investigate the origin of observed distortions in the diffraction pattern, comparing the experimental findings with ab-initio simulations.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Stephanie Spence, Wah-Keat Lee, Feng Lin, Xianghui Xiao
Summary: TXM, a powerful tool in battery research, offers morphological and chemical structural information inside of battery component materials at tens of nanometer scale. This article presents a short review of TXM, including its instrumentation, battery research applications, and practical sample preparation and data analysis. The article also briefly discusses the challenges and opportunities in TXM applications.
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Youhong Peng, Kesong Miao, Wei Sun, Chenglu Liu, Hao Wu, Lin Geng, Guohua Fan
Summary: Characterizing the microstructure and deformation mechanism of metallic materials is crucial for understanding the microstructure-property relationship. Advanced synchrotron radiation facilities have enabled non-destructive visualization of full-field structural information in three dimensions, contributing to significant progress in recent decades. Future innovations in next-generation synchrotron radiation and emerging technologies hold great potential for further advancements in material characterization.
ACTA METALLURGICA SINICA-ENGLISH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Hanna Ohlin, Thomas Frisk, Mattias Astrand, Ulrich Vogt
Summary: This study presents a miniaturized gold electroplating process for fabricating gold zone plates used in X-ray imaging experiments. The miniaturization is achieved by on-chip reference plating areas, providing a reliable way to control the height of the structures. The fabricated gold zone plates were successfully used in X-ray imaging experiments.
Article
Plant Sciences
Antony van der Ent, Mirko Salinitro, Dennis Brueckner, Kathryn M. Spiers, Sofia Montanari, Annalisa Tassoni, Michela Schiavon
Summary: This study investigates the distribution of selenium in three hyperaccumulator species and reveals significant differences among them, suggesting different physiological mechanisms for selenium handling and storage. The findings imply that selenium hyperaccumulation may have evolved multiple times under similar environmental pressures.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Manuel Carrera, Alejandro S. Cruces, Joseph F. Kelleher, Yee-Han Tai, John R. Yates, Philip J. Withers, Pablo Lopez-Crespo
Summary: This paper presents a new methodology for characterizing the plastic zone ahead of a fatigue crack, using experimental data and elastic strain maps to identify the size and shape of the plastic zone.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. N. Chapman, S. Bajt
Summary: This study examines achromatic focusing systems for hard X-rays, consisting of a refractive lens paired with a diffractive lens. It takes into account the behavior of thick refractive lenses, such as compound refractive lenses and waveguide gradient index refractive lenses, to achieve high focusing resolution and relative bandwidth. The systems can be used for high-flux scanning microscopy and creating high intensities from attosecond X-ray pulses.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cyril Besnard, Robert A. Harper, Enrico Salvati, Thomas E. J. Moxham, Leon Romano Brandt, Gabriel Landini, Richard M. Shelton, Alexander M. Korsunsky
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale correlative approach was used to compare artificially demineralised human enamel with healthy enamel, revealing structural differences at the micron to sub-micron scale. The decrease in Ca/P atomic % ratio in etched samples compared to healthy enamel, as shown by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, suggests greater loss of calcium. Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering was employed to analyze differences in lattice structure and texture before and after etching, providing insights into the demineralisation-induced enamel structure alteration.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ke Wang, Jianpeng Wang, Jingyue Hao, Chenzi Shi, Shouxu Pan, Shashidhara Marathe, Kevin G. Taylor, Lin Ma
Summary: The interaction between water and shale can cause swelling, which is an important consideration in subsurface energy systems. While swelling can be beneficial for waste disposal, it can also cause instability in wellbores during shale gas exploration. Therefore, a careful study of shale swelling is critical for subsurface energy applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yanli Li, Weier Lu, Shanfeng Wang, Qingxi Yuan, Xiangdong Kong, Li Han, Yang Xia
Summary: In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling were used to prepare multilayer Fresnel zone plate (ML-FZP) for hard X-ray microscopy. The obtained Al2O3/HfO2 ML-FZP had a total zone thickness of 10 μm, which is much greater than the reported ML-FZPs fabricated by the same method, and is of great significance to increase the active region of FZP. The ML-FZP with an outermost zone width of 40 nm and aspect ratio of 157 achieved a 29 nm half-pitch cut-off resolution in transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) at 9 keV.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Louisa Smieska, Mary Lou Guerinot, Karin Olson Hoal, Matthew Reid, Olena Vatamaniuk
Summary: The movement of metals through the environment links together various scientific fields and requires quantitative analysis of metal concentrations, locations, and chemical states. Synchrotron X-ray tools with high sensitivity and spatial resolution can address these requirements. This article describes the state of scientific questions regarding the lifecycle of metals and summarizes key X-ray capabilities and facility infrastructure for future synchrotron-based analytical resources, as well as exploring potential opportunities for future experiments.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xuepeng Sun, Shangkun Shao, Huiquan Li, Xiaoyun Zhang, Tianyu Yuan, Fen Tao, Tianxi Sun
Summary: This paper presents a procedure for characterizing monocapillary x-ray lenses (MXRLs) as condensers, which includes optical measurements and x-ray tests. The procedure enables the screening and optimization of high-performance condensers, as well as the reduction of manufacturing time by applying the characterization method designed for synchrotron radiation TXM to laboratory x-ray tubes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
L. A. Haroutunyan, M. K. Balyan
Summary: An experimental set-up for hard X-ray off-axis Fresnel holography, based on a two-block Fresnel zone plates interferometer, is proposed and analyzed. It demonstrates the recording of hologram and numerical reconstruction of image. The advantages of this scheme over earlier schemes are shown through numerical simulation.
JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS-ARMENIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jonas Wielinski, Joaquin Jimenez-Martinez, Joerg Goettlicher, Ralph Steininger, Stefan Mangold, Stephan J. Hug, Michael Berg, Andreas Voegelin
Summary: In this study, the corrosion of zerovalent iron (ZVI), formation of secondary iron (Fe) phases, and retention processes of arsenic (As) in ZVI-based water treatment filters were investigated using microfluidics. The results suggest that intermittent filter operation can lead to denser secondary Fe-solids and ensure prolonged filter performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eric R. Meshot, Alexander Baker, Daniel Malone, Sean Hayes, Haley Hamza, Cheng Wang, Matthew A. Marcus, Xavier Lepro
Summary: Detailed and quantitative structural analysis of hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) ensembles, including the twisted morphology of CNT yarns and their composites, has been conducted using scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). The study reveals that as the twist density of the yarn increases, the diameter decreases and the density increases as expected. The distribution of the oxygen-containing polymer content has also been analyzed, showing a nearly perfect filling of the voids between CNTs. These findings highlight the important connections between processing conditions, yarn structure, and the properties of CNTs at the macroscale.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Sanchez-Cano, Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla, John M. Abendroth, Tobias Beck, Robert Blick, Yuan Cao, Frank Caruso, Indranath Chakraborty, Henry N. Chapman, Chunying Chen, Bruce E. Cohen, Andre L. C. Conceicao, David P. Cormode, Daxiang Cui, Kenneth A. Dawson, Gerald Falkenberg, Chunhai Fan, Neus Feliu, Mingyuan Gao, Elisabetta Gargioni, Claus-C Glueer, Florian Gruener, Moustapha Hassan, Yong Hu, Yalan Huang, Samuel Huber, Nils Huse, Yanan Kang, Ali Khademhosseini, Thomas F. Keller, Christian Koernig, Nicholas A. Kotov, Dorota Koziej, Xing-Jie Liang, Beibei Liu, Sijin Liu, Yang Liu, Ziyao Liu, Luis M. Liz-Marzan, Xiaowei Ma, Andres Machicote, Wolfgang Maison, Adrian P. Mancuso, Saad Megahed, Bert Nickel, Ferdinand Otto, Cristina Palencia, Sakura Pascarelli, Arwen Pearson, Oula Penate-Medina, Bing Qi, Joachim Raedler, Joseph J. Richardson, Axel Rosenhahn, Kai Rothkamm, Michael Rubhausen, Milan K. Sanyal, Raymond E. Schaak, Heinz-Peter Schlemmer, Marius Schmidt, Oliver Schmutzler, Theo Schotten, Florian Schulz, A. K. Sood, Kathryn M. Spiers, Theresa Staufer, Dominik M. Stemer, Andreas Stierle, Xing Sun, Gohar Tsakanova, Paul S. Weiss, Horst Weller, Fabian Westermeier, Ming Xu, Huijie Yan, Yuan Zeng, Ying Zhao, Yuliang Zhao, Dingcheng Zhu, Ying Zhu, Wolfgang J. Parak
Summary: X-ray-based analytics are widely used in physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering, but their full potential in life sciences and medicine has not been fully utilized. Current and upcoming advances in applying these techniques to investigate the nano-bio interface are discussed, along with addressing current limitations and potential strategies for future in vivo use.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric Schoenemann, Julian Koc, Jana F. Karthauser, Onur Ozcan, Dirk Schanzenbach, Lisa Schardt, Axel Rosenhahn, Andre Laschewsky
Summary: Polyzwitterions are intensively studied for their high biocompatibility and low-fouling properties. The dipole orientation of the sulfobetaine group in the polyzwitterions seems to have only a secondary importance for their antifouling behavior, as demonstrated in in vitro biofouling assays. Overall, the specific fouling resistance of polyzwitterions depends on their detailed chemical structure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thuvarakhan Gnanasampanthan, Cindy D. Beyer, Wenfa Yu, Jana F. Karthaeuser, Robin Wanka, Stephan Spollmann, Hans-Werner Becker, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Layer-by-layer assembly was used to fabricate alginate-based coatings, investigating the impact of termination on properties and antifouling efficacy. The hydrophilic films showed high swelling in water, reduced protein adsorption, and good antifouling properties. The choice of polycation was crucial for protein resistance, while termination mattered less.
Article
Polymer Science
Lisa Schardt, Alejandro Martinez Guajardo, Julian Koc, Jessica L. Clarke, John A. Finlay, Anthony S. Clare, Harrison Gardner, Geoffrey W. Swain, Kelli Hunsucker, Andre Laschewsky, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Amphiphilic polymer coatings containing hydrophobic elements show superior anti-fouling performance compared to homopolymers, especially in marine environments. The reduced susceptibility to silt incorporation contributes to the improved fouling resistance of these coatings.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Thuvarakhan Gnanasampanthan, Jana F. Karthaeuser, Stephan Spoellmann, Robin Wanka, Hans-Werner Becker, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Amphiphilic polysaccharides were fabricated by coupling hydrophobic PFPA to hydrophilic alginic acid, and their resistance against protein adsorption and marine fouling organisms was explored. The amphiphilic multilayers exhibited higher resistance towards protein adsorption and microfouling marine organisms compared to multilayers without fluoroalkyl groups.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jana Schwarze, Julian Koc, Florian Koschitzki, Harrison Gardner, Kelli Z. Hunsucker, Geoffrey W. Swain, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: The application of electric fields, specifically alternating potentials, to conductive coatings has been found to significantly reduce the attachment of marine fouling organisms. In this study, a rotating disk setup was developed to study the effects of alternating potentials on fouling organisms in a multispecies ocean environment. The results showed that alternating potentials were capable of greatly reducing fouling organism attachment.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andreas Graefenstein, Christoph Rumancev, Roland Pollak, Benjamin Haemisch, Vanessa Galbierz, Walter H. Schroeder, Jan Garrevoet, Gerald Falkenberg, Tobias Voepel, Klaus Huber, Simon Ebbinghaus, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Protein aggregation is a characteristic of severe neurodegenerative disorders, and metal ions play a significant role in this process. Through analysis, it was found that the zinc content in cells increased threefold and the potassium enrichment increased tenfold, which may be a result of cellular stress response. Although the ion content in aggregate-containing cells differs from non-aggregate-containing cells, there is no difference in ion content at the location of intracellular inclusion bodies. These results suggest that changes in ion concentration are not exclusively linked to the formation of specific proteins.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jana F. Karthaeuser, Julian Koc, Eric Schoenemann, Robin Wanka, Nick Aldred, Anthony S. Clare, Axel Rosenhahn, Andre Laschewsky
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between structure and antifouling potential of various polyzwitterion coatings. The polysulfabetaines coatings show effective resistance against non-specific protein adsorption and biofouling organisms, with the ability to tune their resistance through spacer modifications.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lakshmi Pisharody, Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan, Emily Manderfeld, Swatantra P. Singh, Axel Rosenhahn, Christopher J. Arnusch
Summary: This study demonstrates that an electrically conductive feed spacer coated with laser-induced graphene (LIG) has antimicrobial and antifouling effects in a spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane module. The LIG spacer can completely inactivate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and significantly reduce bacterial adhesion of Rheinheimera sp. under low electrical current. It effectively reduces biofilm growth on both the membrane and spacer components when used in brackish water with 12 V.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emily Manderfeld, Mauricio Nunes Kleinberg, Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan, Christopher J. Arnusch, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: This study establishes a method to replenish and stabilize surface-bound air layers, known as plastrons, using electrically conductive superhydrophobic coatings. The results show that surfaces with intact plastrons resist organism attachment and accumulation, highlighting the promising potential of plastron-based antifouling approaches.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christoph Rumancev, Axel Rosenhahn, Kai Hilpert
Summary: Antimicrobial resistance poses a global threat to modern healthcare, but the pharmaceutical industry has lost interest due to low profits and high risk. However, BioSAXS, a new method, can accelerate and enrich the discovery of antimicrobial compounds with novel modes of action and reduce the risk in developing urgently needed drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Emily Manderfeld, Chidambaram Thamaraiselvan, Mauricio Nunes Kleinberg, Lejla Jusufagic, Christopher J. Arnusch, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: This study used a novel method to test the anti-fouling performance of new coatings and identified the key microorganism that influences fouling by analyzing the bacterial community in brackish water. This approach helps to accurately predict the fouling propensity of coatings.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samantha Muhring-Salamone, Robin Wanka, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Diethylenetriamine-modified heparin and alginates, as well as unmodified polysaccharides, were combined using sol-gel chemistry to create hybrid material thin-film coatings. These coatings demonstrated the capability to bind nitric oxide when exposed to NO at high pressures, and they also released nitrogen oxide species in aqueous environments. The hybrid materials showed promising antifouling properties against marine organisms.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
A. Graefenstein, D. Brueckner, C. Rumancev, J. Garrevoet, V. Galbierz, W. H. Schroeder, C. G. Schroer, G. Falkenberg, A. Rosenhahn
Summary: 3D and 2D-cross-sectional X-ray fluorescence analysis is a powerful tool for imaging element distribution in biological material and quantifying metal homeostasis. This study presents a method using peak fitting and self-absorption correction to reconstruct the cross-sectional distribution of elements in cryogenically prepared leaves. Additionally, the authors introduce an atomographic MCA hyperspectral reconstruction method that improves quantitative analysis of light elements compared to conventional methods.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Emily Manderfeld, Ajitha Balasubramaniam, Onur oezcan, Charlotte Anderson, John A. Finlay, Anthony S. Clare, Kelli Hunsucker, Geoffrey W. Swain, Axel Rosenhahn
Summary: Perfluoropolyether dimethacrylate (PFPE-DMA) was polymerized onto surfaces using visible light-induced surface grafting polymerization. Surfaces were prepared by depositing an octadecyltrichlorosilane-monolayer and covalently coupling the photoinitiator isopropylthioxanthone. PFPE-DMA with different chain lengths were polymerized from the surface. The coatings exhibited antifouling properties against proteins and were evaluated in biological assays. The highest chain length of PFPE-DMA showed the strongest fouling reduction, suggesting that chain mobility contributes to fouling resistance.
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.
