Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuting Luo, Shahed Rezaei, David A. Santos, Yuwei Zhang, Joseph Handy, Luis Carrillo, Brian J. Schultz, Leonardo Gobbato, Max Pupucevski, Kamila Wiaderek, Harry Charalambous, Andrey Yakovenko, Matt Pharr, Bai-Xiang Xu, Sarbajit Banerjee
Summary: This study examines the differences in electrochemical performance of V2O5 insertion electrodes with different crystal structures. The results show that the tunnel-structured V2O5 electrode has a simpler insertion mechanism and better battery performance compared to the layered V2O5 electrode, which undergoes a series of phase transformations and distortions, resulting in larger voltage hysteresis and capacity loss.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Masaki Tahara, Kazuya Hasunuma, Hideki Hosoda
Summary: This study investigated the decomposition process of the isothermal alpha '' phase in beta-Ti alloys, and found that the resulting alpha + beta dual phase inherited the microstructural characteristics of the alpha ''(iso) phase. The research results indicate the existence of a strict variant selection rule between the decomposed alpha and beta phases, with a specific variant combination observed.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Alexandra Foetisch, Montserrat Filella, Benjamin Watts, Laure-Helene Vinot, Moritz Bigalke
Summary: This study tested a novel method for analyzing nanoplastics (NP) and demonstrated the potential of using scanning transmission X-ray spectro-microscopy (STXM) in combination with near-edge X-ray absorption finestructure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) to image and identify individual NP in environmental and food matrices. The method was successfully applied to different samples, proving its advantages and the characteristic spectra of polymers, enabling the detection and characterization of NP in various matrices.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming Du, Zichao (Wendy) Di, Doga Gursoy, R. Patrick Xian, Yevgenia Kozorovitskiy, Chris Jacobsen
Summary: Upscaling X-ray nanoimaging to macroscopic specimens has the potential to provide insights across multiple length scales. The authors provide imaging time estimates based on a phase contrast imaging model and anticipated X-ray flux, showing that optimized X-ray microscopy connectomics could potentially reduce imaging time for whole mouse brain connectomes. Challenges to overcome include increased X-ray detector frame rate, while opportunities may come from advances in artificial-intelligence-based 'smart' scanning.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zheng Liu, Hitomi Nakamura, Tomoko Akai
Summary: This paper presents an in situ TEM/STEM investigation on the transformation process of YAG:Ce phosphors, revealing the dissolution of nanocrystalline CeO2 particles and formation of YAlO3 and YAG:Ce crystalline particles at different temperatures. The study also confirms that doped Ce atoms occupy the same atomic sites as Y atoms, and the obtained YAG:Ce phosphor exhibits efficient luminescent properties.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dawn M. Buchanan, Laura Newsome, Jonathan R. Lloyd, Majid Kazemian, Burkhard Kaulich, Tohru Araki, Heath Bagshaw, John Waters, Gerrit van der Laan, Alpha N'Diaye, Victoria S. Coker
Summary: This study used synchrotron-based scanning X-ray microscopy to investigate the behavior of cobalt in Fe-rich biogeochemically-active environments. The results showed that cobalt undergoes localized bioreduction at the nanoscale through direct contact with outer membrane cytochromes. This research improves our understanding of the fate of cobalt in complex environmental systems at a molecular scale.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Susan Glasauer, Sirine C. Fakra, Sarah Schooling, Peter Weidler, Tolek Tyliszczak, David K. Shuh
Summary: Recent studies have shown that dissimilatory metal reducing bacteria can impact the fate and transport of uranium in anaerobic subsurface environments. Most research efforts have focused on the reduction of soluble U(VI) to insoluble uraninite by these bacteria, but less is known about the reduction of uranium bound in minerals. This study found that the bacteria could reduce uranium and vanadium in solution, but not uranium bound in minerals. Furthermore, the toxicity of uranium affected bacterial growth and biofilm formation, while vanadium did not.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simone Finizio, Joe Bilko Bailey, Bart Olsthoorn, Joerg Raabe
Summary: Pump-probe time-resolved imaging is a powerful technique for studying dynamical processes. However, existing methods have limitations in measuring certain types of processes that are not phase locked to a known external signal. This work presents a method based on the Schuster periodogram that allows for the reconstruction of dynamical processes without knowledge of the intrinsic frequency.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Munmun Basak, Md Lutfor Rahman, Md Farid Ahmed, Bristy Biswas, Nahid Sharmin
Summary: Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using co-precipitation technique with different precipitating agents, affecting the structure and size distribution. Various analysis methods showed highly correlated results, with SSP method being the most compatible.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hugo Laval, Alexandre Holmes, Matthew A. A. Marcus, Benjamin Watts, Gwenael Bonfante, Marc Schmutz, Elise Deniau, Robin Szymanski, Christine Lartigau-Dagron, Xiaoxue Xu, Julie M. M. Cairney, Kazuhiko Hirakawa, Fumiyasu Awai, Takaya Kubo, Guillaume Wantz, Antoine Bousquet, Natalie P. P. Holmes, Sylvain Chambon
Summary: Efficient organic photovoltaic devices fabricated from water-based colloidal dispersions with donor:acceptor composite nanoparticles achieving up to 9.98% power conversion efficiency (PCE) are reported. The high efficiency is attributed to morphology control by surface energy matching between the donor and the acceptor materials. The narrow gap between water-based inks and organic solvent-based inks is promising for the development of eco-friendly processing and fabrication of organic photovoltaics.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. V. Louzguine-Luzgin, Yu. P. Ivanov, A. L. Greer
Summary: The crystallization behavior of a Cu58Y37Sc5 metallic glassy alloy was investigated using various methods. Differential scanning and isothermal calorimetries were performed to study the phase transformations. X-ray diffractometry studies showed the simultaneous formation of Cu2Y, CuY, and CuSc crystalline phases, indicating eutectic crystallization, while the isothermal crystallization kinetics corresponded to primary crystallization. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed a complex crystallization process involving heterogeneous nucleation on pre-existing particles.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hamish G. Brown, Philipp M. Pelz, Shang-Lin Hsu, Zimeng Zhang, Ramamoorthy Ramesh, Katherine Inzani, Evan Sheridan, Sinead M. Griffin, Marcel Schloz, Thomas C. Pekin, Christoph T. Koch, Scott D. Findlay, Leslie J. Allen, Mary C. Scott, Colin Ophus, Jim Ciston
Summary: The increasing interest in three-dimensional nanostructures has led to the development of electron microscopy techniques capable of imaging at or below the nanoscale in three dimensions. In this study, a reconstruction algorithm is presented that uses a focal series of four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) data. The algorithm is applied to a lead iridate and yttrium-stabilized zirconia heterostructure, demonstrating the visibility of specific atomic columns in the reconstructed volume. A comparison is made with alternative techniques such as depth sectioning using differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (DPC-STEM) and multislice ptychographic reconstruction.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jacob Obitso Nielsen, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Karen Pantleon
Summary: This study investigates the evolution of crystallite size and microstrain in ferrite in real time using energy-dispersive synchrotron diffraction, providing insights into the thermal stability and phase transformations of iron-carbon coatings.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongchang Wang, Kawal Sawhney
Summary: Researchers have successfully generated omnidirectional differential phase images using X-ray differential phase contrast imaging, providing more information for studying complex samples and enabling simultaneous extraction of omnidirectional dark-field images to study ordered scattering structures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongchang Wang, Kawal Sawhney
Summary: This article introduces a method for generating omnidirectional differential phase images by scanning a randomly structured modulator, which provides more information than traditional imaging methods and allows the simultaneous extraction of omnidirectional dark-field images for studying strongly ordered scattering structures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Alessandra Patera, Carolina Arboleda, Veronica Ferrero, Elisa Fiorina, Konstantins Jefimovs, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Felix Mas Milian, Paolo Mereu, Stefania Pallotta, Luciano Ramello, Alessandro Re, Lorenzo Visca, Piergiorgio Cerello
Summary: The 4D GRAPH-X project aims to develop a prototype of an x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging scanner in a laboratory setting, optimized for analyzing moving objects and potential biomedical applications. Wave field simulations are used to optimize the setup specifications and construct a high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging system.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jack Binns, Connie Darmanin, Cameron M. Kewish, Sachini Kadaoluwa Pathirannahalge, Peter Berntsen, Patrick L. R. Adams, Stefan Paporakis, Daniel Wells, Francisco Gian Roque, Brian Abbey, Gary Bryant, Charlotte E. Conn, Stephen T. Mudie, Adrian M. Hawley, Timothy M. Ryan, Tamar L. Greaves, Andrew Martin
Summary: Intensity-correlation measurements provide access to nanostructural information in a wide range of ordered and disordered materials, beyond traditional pair-correlation methods. This study develops the theory of preferred orientation in intensity-correlation techniques and connects it to the well-established theory of texture analysis. Experimental demonstrations show that even minor deviations from uniform orientation produce the strongest angular correlation signals when the number of crystalline domains in the beam is large.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Michael W. M. Jones, Grant A. van Riessen, Nicholas W. Phillips, Christoph E. Schrank, Gerard N. Hinsley, Nader Afshar, Juliane Reinhardt, Martin D. de Jonge, Cameron M. Kewish
Summary: This paper presents the implementation of high-speed ptychography at the Australian Synchrotron, including a free-run data collection mode that eliminates dead time and optimizes scan time. The study demonstrates that free-run data collection is viable for fast and high-quality ptychography, achieving extremely high data acquisition rate and spatial resolution enhancement. By combining with fast-scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy, these methods provide morphological context for elemental and chemical information, enabling unique scientific outcomes.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Casey L. Doolette, Daryl L. Howard, Nader Afshar, Cameron M. Kewish, David J. Paterson, Jianyin Huang, Stefan Wagner, Jakob Santner, Walter W. Wenzel, Tom Raimondo, Alexander T. De Vries Van Leeuwen, Lei Hou, Frederik van der Bom, Han Weng, Peter M. Kopittke, Enzo Lombi
Summary: Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) analysis is a powerful technique for visualizing elemental distributions in various sample types. We developed a novel approach using two fluorescence detectors in tandem to acquire two sets of XFM data simultaneously, achieving high throughput and scanning large samples in XFM experiments.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhitian Shi, Konstantins Jefimovs, Antonino La Magna, Marco Stampanoni, Lucia Romano
Summary: By introducing metal electric field modulators, controlled tilted etching can be achieved by modifying the near sample surface potential, thereby changing the incident angle of ions and obtaining a tilted profile.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Kubec, Marie-Christine Zdora, Umut T. Sanli, Ana Diaz, Joan Vila-Comamala, Christian David
Summary: The authors have successfully realized an achromatic X-ray lens by combining a diffractive Fresnel zone plate and a refractive lens. This lens overcomes the chromatic aberration limitation of conventional X-ray optics and enables high-resolution imaging with broadband X-ray tube sources.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Forestry
Philip D. Evans, Hiroshi Matsunaga, Alan F. Preston, Cameron M. Kewish
Summary: The purpose of this review is to explore methods for protecting wood from biological deterioration in order to extend its lifespan and contribute to carbon sequestration. Recent research has shown a shift towards using naturally durable wood or barriers to prevent organisms from accessing wood, instead of synthetic chemical treatments. This trend is expected to continue, leading to opportunities for researching new wood products that enhance carbon sequestration. Future research will likely focus on protecting novel cellulose or lignin composites, massive timber composites, and low-quality wood used for carbon containment.
CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ronan Smith, Fabio De Marco, Ludovic Broche, Marie-Christine Zdora, Nicholas W. Phillips, Richard Boardman, Pierre Thibault
Summary: X-ray directional dark-field imaging is a technique that can reveal small-scale structural properties of a sample that are invisible in conventional imaging systems. We present an algorithm to extract the directional dark-field signal from X-ray speckle-based imaging data and demonstrate its accuracy in detecting and quantifying fiber orientation in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer samples.
Article
Optics
Fabio De Marco, Sara Savatovi, Ronan Smith, Vittorio Di Trapani, Marco Margini, Ginevra Lautizi, Pierre Thibault
Summary: Wavefront-marking X-ray imaging techniques use intensity fluctuations generated by sandpaper or a grating to analyze their distortion caused by the sample, thereby retrieving attenuation, phase-contrast, and dark-field information. These techniques, including phase contrast and dark-field, have wide biomedical and engineering applications. The Unified Modulated Pattern Analysis (UMPA) model has been developed to extract these modalities from wavefront-marking data, and a new UMPA implementation is presented in this study with enhanced capabilities for processing large datasets and extending the field of view. Possible artifacts and additional new features are also discussed.
Article
Optics
Nazanin Samadi, Joan Vila-Comamala, Xianbo Shi, Umut T. Sanli, Christian David, Marco Stampanoni, Anne Bonnin
Summary: In a full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) setup, a refractive axicon is used as an X-ray beam shaper to match the ring-shaped aperture of the condenser. The axicon designs were explored analytically and with numerical simulations, and were produced by two-photon polymerization 3D printing on thin silicon nitride membrane substrates. The first characterization of the axicon was carried out at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (Switzerland).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. Polikarpov, J. Vila-Comamala, Z. Wang, A. Pereira, S. van Gogh, C. Gasser, K. Jefimovs, L. Romano, Z. Varga, K. Lang, M. Schmeltz, S. Tessarini, M. Rawlik, E. Jermann, S. Lewis, W. Yun, M. Stampanoni
Summary: Breast cancer is diagnosed using clinical examination, imaging, and biopsy. This study proposes two high-resolution table-top systems for phase-contrast X-ray tomography of breast tissue samples. Both systems provide better resolution and contrast than previously achieved, showing the potential of grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT as a complementary tool for clinical histopathology.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Umut T. T. Sanli, Griffin Rodgers, Marie-Christine Zdora, Peng Qi, Jan Garrevoet, Ken Vidar Falch, Bert Mueller, Christian David, Joan Vila-Comamala
Summary: This article introduces an X-ray apochromatic lens system using a Fresnel zone plate and a diverging compound refractive lens with a tuned separation distance. The energy-dependent performance of this apochromat was evaluated by ptychographic reconstruction of the focal spot and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of a resolution test sample. The apochromat delivered a reconstructed focal spot size of 940 x 740 nm(2), showing a four-fold improvement in chromatic aberration correction range compared to an achromatic doublet configuration. Thus, apochromatic X-ray optics have the potential to increase focal spot intensity for a wide variety of X-ray applications.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alberta Terzi, Nunzia Gallo, Teresa Sibillano, Davide Altamura, Annalia Masi, Rocco Lassandro, Alessandro Sannino, Luca Salvatore, Oliver Bunk, Cinzia Giannini, Liberato De Caro
Summary: Type I collagen scaffold is widely used in tissue engineering and medical applications. The hierarchical structure and multiscale integrity of collagen from different animal sources were studied in relation to tissue-specific regeneration and scaffold design. The structural organization of collagen in tendons was investigated using X-ray scattering techniques and thermal and load-bearing tests.
Letter
Oncology
Carlo Morasso, Renzo Vanna, Francesca Piccotti, Lidia Frizzi, Marta Truffi, Sara Albasini, Camelia Borca, Thomas Huthwelker, Laura Villani, Oliver Bunk, Cinzia Giannini, Fabio Corsi
CANCER COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ismay Venice Akker, Christoph Schrank, Marco Herwegh, Alfons Berger, Michael Jones, Cameron M. Kewish
Summary: This study presents quantitative information on the distribution of calcite veins in the exhumed Infrahelvetic Flysch Units in the eastern central Alps in Switzerland and explores their interaction with seismic activity. The findings suggest that the vein systems could be related to low magnitude earthquakes or slow-slip events.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.
