Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nick R. Lutjes, Silang Zhou, Jordi Antoja-Lleonart, Beatriz Noheda, Vaclav Ocelik
Summary: The study analyzes the spherulitic type of 2D crystal growth in thin amorphous Quartz films using electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD), revealing the characteristics, growth mode, and possible mechanisms of spherulitic Quartz crystal colonies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kyung Il Kim, Yeonju Oh, Dong Uk Kim, Joo-Hee Kang, Nam Ik Cho, Kyu Hwan Oh, Jun-Yun Kang, Heung Nam Han
Summary: A detailed in-situ analysis of local strain accommodation on transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) aided multi-phase steel was performed using various characterization techniques, revealing that soft acicular ferrite accommodated the largest strain while retained austenite transformed gradually into martensite causing strain localization.
METALS AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hakon W. Anes, Antonius T. J. van Helvoort, Knut Marthinsen
Summary: Correlated analysis of (sub)grains and particles in alloys is important for understanding transformation processes and controlling material properties. This paper presents a multimodal data fusion workflow that combines subgrain data from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) with particle data from backscatter electron (BSE) images in the scanning electron microscope. The workflow was demonstrated on a cold-rolled and recovered Al-Mn alloy and enables statistical analysis of subgrains surrounding constituent particles and dispersoids' location with respect to subgrain boundaries. The results show that the different types of subgrains experience varying degrees of drag from dispersoids, and subgrains at constituent particles have a growth advantage due to lower dislocation density and higher boundary misorientation angle.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chunfei Li, Josiah Dubovi, Clay Klein
Summary: This article presents a method to determine facet orientation using SEM and EBSD, which is validated with facets on spherical particles of 20 μm in an Al60Cu25Fe15 alloy. The experimental results show that the surface of the facet is parallel to the {100} lattice plane of a cubic phase.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chang-Hee Cho, Ji-Woon Lee, Kwang-Tae Son, Soong-Keun Hyun
Summary: This study investigated the effects of strain rate on the texture evolution of Al-6Mg alloys during one hour of annealing at 300 degrees C. Grain growth was significant in the 0.1 s(-1) cold-sheared sample, while a texture transition from brass type to copper type was observed in the 1 s(-1) sample. The misorientation indices of all samples decreased with annealing time, indicating a stronger texture anisotropy.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Haitao Zhao, Junheng Gao, Guilin Wu, Honghui Wu, Chaolei Zhang, Yuhe Huang, Shuize Wang, Xinping Mao
Summary: Variant pairing is a critical factor in determining the morphology and boundary characteristics of transformation products. The conventional quantification method based on deviation angles may produce biased results. This research proposes a new quantification method using variant indexing and validates it by comparing experimental results.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin Kaufmann, Hobson Lane, Xiao Liu, Kenneth S. Vecchio
Summary: Transfer learning can accelerate the training of deep learning models and improve performance with limited data. In this study, a few-shot transfer learning approach is used to classify electron backscatter diffraction pattern images, demonstrating its applicability for real-world phase identification and differentiation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microscopy
Caleb E. Andrews, Maria Strantza, Nicholas P. Calta, Manyalibo J. Matthews, Mitra L. Taheri
Summary: The rapid collection and indexing of electron diffraction patterns via electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has enabled crystallographic orientation and structural determination, as well as strain and dislocation density information. However, EBSD acquisition is sensitive to many factors and can result in low confidence index, poor image quality, and improper fit minimization, leading to noisy datasets and misrepresented microstructure. To address this, an image denoising autoencoder was implemented, resulting in improved pattern quality and accuracy of fit. The use of denoised datasets in HR-EBSD cross correlative strain analysis further reduced phantom strain and improved indexing accuracy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. E. Davis, J. Donoghue, J. R. Kennedy, N. Byres, P. B. Prangnell
Summary: In-situ cooling experiments were conducted on Ti64 samples for the first time, revealing the development of alpha colonies. Primary alpha laths play a crucial role in influencing subsequent colony growth and transformation process by nucleating secondary alpha laths through sympathetic autocatalysis.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. F. Conde, G. G. Ribamar, J. D. Escobar, A. L. Jardini, M. F. Oliveira, J. P. Oliveira, J. A. Avila
Summary: Maraging steel is sensitive to the precipitation of intermetallics during aging heat treatments. This study used EBSD to analyze the microstructures of maraging steel and found that solubilization of the steel resulted in a more homogeneous microstructure with new grain boundaries. Tempering heat treatments relieved martensite strain and increased band contrast values. Aging had a minimal impact on the EBSD analysis results.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Iztok Naglic, Blaz Leskovar, Zoran Samardzija, Bostjan Markoli
Summary: This study investigated the influence of gallium addition on the phases formed in Al-Mn alloys during casting, revealing that an increase in gallium content led to the formation of IQCs and DQCs in the alloys. Microanalysis showed that IQCs contained more gallium and less manganese compared to DQCs.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Josh Kacher, Timothy Ruggles, Jordan Key, Matthew Nowell, Stuart Wright
Summary: This study demonstrates the ability to quantitatively characterize the dislocation structures in additive and traditionally manufactured alloys, and discusses potential defect formation mechanisms using high angular resolution electron backscatter diffraction analysis.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alec I. Saville, Amy J. Clarke
Summary: This study introduces a reconstruction process to evaluate the microstructural evolution of the high temperature fl-Ti phase in a Ti-Cu binary alloy. While the reconstruction of martensitic microstructures was successful, the reconstruction of pearlitic microstructures was not effective. However, this analysis provided new insights into the interfacial crystallographic orientations of pearlitic Ti-Cu microstructures.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Nakata, C. Xu, R. Abe, L. Geng, S. Kamado
Summary: The reheating at high temperature was used to control the textural features in a rolled Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy sheet. Reheating at 450 degrees C caused grain coarsening, leading to the formation of double twinning and shear bands during rolling. Unexpectedly, the basal texture became strong due to the non-uniformly distributed dislocations. On the other hand, reheating at 350 degrees C resulted in uniform deformation-microstructure and apparent texture weakening during post-annealing.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Min Qi, Yingjie Ma, Jie Yang, Yandi Jia, Hanbo Weng, Sensen Huang, Ruixue Zhang, Jianke Qiu, Jiafeng Lei, Rui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the microtexture evolution of alpha in alpha + beta titanium alloys with different Mo content during thermomechanical processing. The results show that the addition of Mo element significantly weakens the microtexture of the prior alpha colony in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo (Ti6246) alloy. The study demonstrates the effect of Mo content on the microtexture evolution during thermo-mechanical processing.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joseph R. Michael, Lucille A. Giannuzzi, M. Grace Burke, Xiang Li Zhong
Summary: The transformation of unstable austenite to ferrite or alpha' martensite in a 304 stainless steel casting alloy due to Xe+ or Ga+ ion exposure at room temperature was investigated. Both Ga+ and Xe+ ion irradiation resulted in the transformation, and the crystallographic orientation of the transformed area was consistent with established orientation relationships.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael A. Melia, Samantha G. Rosenberg, Paul G. Kotula, Florent Bocher, Rebecca F. Schaller
Summary: This study investigated the oxidation behavior of 316 L stainless steel samples fabricated by different manufacturing processes in a supercritical CO2 environment. The results showed that the additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel samples exhibited lower oxidation due to the protective effect of a thick Cr rich Mn silicate oxide covering the surface.
Book Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joseph R. Michael
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Simeon J. Gilbert, Samantha G. Rosenberg, Paul G. Kotula, Thomas G. Kmieciak, Laura B. Biedermann, Michael P. Siegal
Summary: In this study, metal-insulator interfaces within granular metal films were investigated, and their interfacial interactions were found to affect the structural and electrical transport properties. The results provide insights into the broad range of conductivities reported in the literature.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Morgann Berg, Sean W. Smith, David A. Scrymgeour, Michael T. Brumbach, Ping Lu, Sara M. Dickens, Joseph R. Michael, Taisuke Ohta, Ezra Bussmann, Harold P. Hjalmarson, Peter A. Schultz, Paul G. Clem, Matthew M. Hopkins, Christopher H. Moore
Summary: Structural disorder leads to spatial variation in the surface electronic properties of materials. For polycrystalline Pt, nanoscale resolution photoemission threshold mapping reveals a significant spatial variation in the work function (phi) distribution, which has implications for field emission and related phenomena.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joseph R. Michael, Daniel L. Perry, Damion P. Cummings, Jeremy A. Walraven, Matthew B. Jordan
Summary: This paper investigates the metallurgy of indium interconnects and finds that the use of ion beam preparation may lead to artifacts. By modifying the milling strategies and cooling the samples, accurate cross-sections can be obtained.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Giovanni Esteves, Joseph Bischoff, Ethan W. S. A. Schmidt, Mark G. Rodriguez, Samantha G. Rosenberg, Paul Kotula
Summary: The formation of Al3Sc in 100 nm Al0.8Sc0.2 films is driven by exposure to high temperature through higher deposition temperature or annealing. The crystallinity of the films affects the film resistivity, while the deposition on template layers influences the orientation of crystalline Al3Sc.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chang Li, Abhinandan Shyamsunder, Alexis Grace Hoane, Daniel M. Long, Chun Yuen Kwok, Paul G. Kotula, Kevin R. Zavadil, Andrew A. Gewirth, Linda F. Nazar
Summary: This study introduces a novel additive that effectively solves the issues in aqueous zinc-metal batteries, leading to excellent cycling performance and efficient zinc deposition.
Article
Physics, Applied
Michael J. Abere, Matthew T. Beason, Robert V. Reeves, Mark A. Rodriguez, Paul G. Kotula, Catherine E. Sobczak, Steven F. Son, Cole D. Yarrington, David P. Adams
Summary: In this study, highly controlled nanolaminates of NiO-Al were fabricated using sputter deposition, and the variations of ignition and high-temperature reactions were investigated. It was found that the bilayer thickness and heating rate have influences on the ignition behavior and reaction velocities. The elimination of a passivating Al oxide layer on the powder can lower the reaction activation energy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eric Lang, Kory Burns, Yongqiang Wang, Paul G. Kotula, Andrew B. Kustas, Sal Rodriguez, Assel Aitkaliyeva, Khalid Hattar
Summary: High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are proposed as materials for extreme environments, but the effects of radiation on their performance are not well understood. In this study, the response of additively manufactured refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) to helium ion bombardment is investigated, revealing the interplay between alloy composition and helium bubble size and density.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Frank W. DelRio, Scott J. Grutzik, William M. Mook, Sara M. Dickens, Paul G. Kotula, Eric D. Hintsala, Douglas D. Stauffer, Brad L. Boyce
Summary: In this letter, we demonstrated stable nanoscale fracture in single-crystal silicon and identified the shape of the crack-growth resistance curve, role of fabrication-induced artifacts, and origin of fracture surface features.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Scott A. McClary, Daniel M. Long, Ana Sanz-Matias, Paul G. Kotula, David Prendergast, Katherine L. Jungjohann, Kevin R. Zavadil
Summary: This study demonstrates that ionically nonconductive materials can form cation-transmissive interphases in calcium metal batteries, and the conductivity can be tailored through control of heterogeneity, providing a method to stabilize reactive metal electrodes.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Julia Deitz, Timothy J. Ruggles, Philip J. Noell, Donald F. Susan, Andrew B. Kustas, Paul G. Kotula, Joseph R. Michael
Summary: Heat-treated FeCo-based magnetic alloys were characterized using electron microscopy techniques. Unique grains with nonuniform background contrast were found on the outer edge of a FeCo sample using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). High-resolution electron backscattered diffraction (HR-EBSD) confirmed these grains to have defect structures and subgrain boundaries. ECCI can be used as a rapid method to quantify unrecrystallized grains. Micro indentation experiments showed that dislocation networks in these grains act as a barrier to plastic deformation.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Timothy Ruggles, Scott Grutzik, Kelly Stephens, Joseph Michael
Summary: This study found that in legacy components that had no obvious voids, the stresses were comparable to the theoretical stresses at the time of manufacture (approximately 300 MPa). Distortion fields in the substrate were also determined around known voids, which may be directly compared to stress voiding models. The technique presented here for stress determination, HREBSD coupled with finite element analysis to infer subsurface stresses, is a valuable tool for assessing failure in layered microelectronics devices.
MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Simeon J. Gilbert, Melissa L. Meyerson, Paul G. Kotula, Samantha G. Rosenberg, Thomas G. Kmieciak, Michael P. McGarry, Michael P. Siegal, Laura B. Biedermann
Summary: Understanding and controlling nanoscale interface phenomena is crucial for optimizing electronic devices. In this study, we demonstrate that granular metals (GMs) can be used to evaluate the role of secondary phases at interfaces. We investigated SiN (x) as an alternative insulator for GMs and found that Mo-SiN (x) had reduced metal-silicide formation and lower conductivity. XPS measurements indicate that metal-silicide and metal-nitride formation can be controlled in Mo-SiN (x). SiN (x) also provides a pathway to metal-nitride nanostructures for various applications.
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.
