4.3 Article

Emergence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka 2008-2011

Journal

TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages 140-145

Publisher

WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/tmi.12232

Keywords

cutaneous leishmaniasis; epidemiology; clinical features; Sri Lanka; endemic

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ObjectiveTo report cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. MethodsThe study population included all patients with CL reported from Polonnaruwa district from January 2008 through April 2012. Data were collected in the dermatology unit of Polonnaruwa General Hospital and the regional epidemiology unit of Polonnaruwa. ResultsFour hundred and forty six patients with leishmaniasis were detected; clinical details were available for 362. Mean annual incidence of leishmaniasis between 2008 and 2012 in Polonnaruwa district was 26.2 per 100000. The case incidence steadily increased during the study period. Case distribution by month peaked between August and November. Cases were geographically clustered in three administrative divisions with a mean annual incidence ranging from 94.7 to 54.1 per 100000 population. Significantly more (n=294, 65.9%) males than females were affected ((2) for goodness of fit=48.4, P<0.001). The commonest type of lesion was nodules (n=157, 43.4%) followed by crust (n=116, 32.0%). The majority of patients had lesions on upper limbs (n=144, 39.8%) or the face (n=117, 32.3%). ConclusionCutaneous leishmaniasis is increasing in Polonnaruwa, with clear spatial and temporal clustering. Sri Lanka needs more vigilant leishmaniasis surveillance. ObjectifRapporter sur la leishmaniose cutanee (LC) a Polonnaruwa, au Sri Lanka. MethodesLa population etudiee comprenait tous les patients LC identifies dans le district de Polonnaruwa de janvier 2008 a avril 2012. Les donnees ont ete collectees dans le service de dermatologie de l'Hopital General de Polonnaruwa et dans l'unite d'epidemiologie regionale de Polonnaruwa. Resultats446 patients atteints de leishmaniose ont ete identifies; des details cliniques etaient disponibles pour 362 d'entre eux. L'incidence annuelle moyenne de la leishmaniose entre 2008 et 2012 dans le district de Polonnaruwa etait de 26,2 pour 100.000 habitants. L'incidence des cas a augmente regulierement au cours de la periode d'etude. La distribution des cas par mois a culmine entre aout et novembre. Les cas ont ete regroupes geographiquement en 3 divisions administratives avec une incidence annuelle moyenne allant de 94,7 a 54,1 pour 100.000 habitants. Nettement plus hommes (n=294, 65,9%) que de femmes etaient touches ((2) qualite de l'ajustement = 48,4; p<0,001). Les types de lesions les plus courants etaient les nodules (n=157; 43,4%), suivis par la croute (n=116; 32,0%). La majorite des patients presentaient des lesions sur les membres superieurs (n=144; 39,8%) ou le visage (n=117; 32,3%). ConclusionLa LC est en augmentation a Polonnaruwa, avec un regroupement spatial et temporel clair. Le Sri Lanka a besoin d'une surveillance plus vigilante de la leishmaniose. ObjetivoReportar la leishmaniasis cutanea (LC) en Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. MetodosDentro de la poblacion de estudio se incluyo a todos los pacientes con LC reportados en el distrito de Polonnaruwa entre Enero 2008 y Abril 2012. Los datos se recogieron en la unidad de dermatologia del Hospital General de Polonnaruwa y en la unidad regional de epidemiologia de Polonnaruwa. ResultadosSe detectaron 446 pacientes con leishmaniasis; habia informacion clinica para 362. La incidencia anual media de leishmaniasis en el distrito de Polonnaruwa, entre 2008 y 2012, fue del 26.2 por 100,000 habitantes. La incidencia de casos aumento de forma constante durante el periodo de estudio. La distribucion de casos por mes alcanzo maximos entre Agosto y Noviembre. Los casos estaban geograficamente agrupados en 3 divisiones administrativas, con una incidencia anual media de entre 94.7 y 54.1 por 100,000 habitantes. Habia un numero significativamente mayor de hombres afectados (n=294, 65.9%) que de mujeres ((2) para bondad de ajuste=48.4, p<.001). El tipo de lesion mas comun era de nodulos (n=157, 43.4%), seguido por ulceras con costra (n=116, 32.0%). La mayoria de los pacientes tenian lesiones en los miembros superiores (n=144, 39.8%) o en la cara (n=117, 32.3%) ConclusionLa LC esta aumentando en Polonnaruwa, con una clara agrupacion espacial y temporal. Sri Lanka requiere de una vigilancia mas activa de la leishmaniasis.

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