Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentine Sing'oei, Jew Ochola, John Owuoth, June Otieno, Eric Rono, Ben Andagalu, Lucas Otieno, Chiaka Nwoga, Nathanial K. Copeland, John Lawlor, Adam Yates, Michelle Imbach, Trevor A. Crowell, Leigh Anne Eller, Edwin Kamau, Kayvon Modjarrad, Jessica Cowden, Julie Ake, Merlin L. Robb, Christina S. Polyak
Summary: This study analyzed laboratory parameters data of healthy males and females aged 18-35 in Kombewa, Kenya, showing gender differences in hematology and chemistry parameters, highlighting the importance of establishing region-specific reference values.
Article
Immunology
Cecile Apert, Ariel O. Galindo-Albarran, Sarah Castan, Claire Detraves, Heloise Michaud, Nicola McJannett, Bart Haegeman, Simon Fillatreau, Bernard Malissen, Georg Hollander, Saulius Zuklys, Jeremy C. Santamaria, Olivier P. Joffre, Paola Romagnoli, Joost P. M. van Meerwijk
Summary: This study reevaluated the role of IL-2 and IL-15 in the development of regulatory T-lymphocytes (Treg) and found that IL-2 and IL-15 play important non-redundant quantitative and qualitative roles in intrathymic Treg development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ozge BescI, Dilek BaSer, Ismail Ogulur, Ayse Cansu Berberoglu, Ayca Kiykim, Tolga BescI, Asim LeblebIcI, Hulya EllIdokuz, Perran Boran, Eren Ozek, Goncagul Haklar, Ahmet ozen, Safa Baris, Elif Aydiner
Summary: The study aimed to establish age-specific reference values for lymphocyte subsets in healthy Turkish subjects. The results showed significant changes in percentage and absolute cell counts of T and B cell subpopulations across different age groups. Updated extensive reference intervals for lymphocyte subpopulations in Turkish people were provided.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Emanuela Zannin, Camilla Rigotti, Roland P. P. Neumann, Raffaele L. Dellaca, Sven Schulzke, Maria L. Ventura
Summary: The study aimed to establish reference values for respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) measured by the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in nonintubated very preterm infants. The results showed that Xrs was significantly associated with gestational age, postnatal age, weight, and length at continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5 cmH(2)O, while Rrs was not significantly associated.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
David Martinez-Mendez, Luis Mendoza, Carlos Villarreal, Leonor Huerta
Summary: During the activation of T CD4+ cells, the balance between oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis is regulated by the nutrient sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which plays a crucial role in cell metabolism regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Jose Luis Martin-Barrasa, Maria Teresa Tejedor-Junco, Soraya Cabrera, Manuel Morales, Adrian Melian, Juan Alberto Corbera
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish reference values for haematological and biochemical parameters in the Canary camel breed. 114 healthy dromedary camels were evaluated, and their age, sex, and pregnancy status were recorded. The reference ranges for RBCs, HGB, PCV, and WBCs were determined. The study found that young animals had higher RBC and WBC values, and various biochemical parameters differed between young and adult animals as well. Female camels showed higher values for RBC, HGB, and PCV, but there were no differences in the biochemical parameters between sexes. The WBC count was higher in non-pregnant females compared to pregnant ones. These findings provide important reference values and contribute to the understanding of haematological and biochemical parameters in dromedary camels.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ji-Qiao Zhu, Jing Wang, Xian-Liang Li, Wen-Li Xu, Shao-cheng Lv, Xin Zhao, Ren Lang, Qiang He
Summary: During acute hepatic rejection, the expression of TGF-beta and granzyme B in CD19(+)B cells, and the expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in CD4(+)T cells were elevated. A combination of the percentages of IFN-gamma(+)CD4(+)T cells and granzyme B(+)CD19(+)B cells can distinguish rejection from non-rejection, serving as a potential prognostic marker for acute rejection in liver transplant recipients.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabienne Mazerolles, Frederic Rieux-Laucat
Summary: The expression of co-signalling receptors on T cells plays a crucial role in regulating T cell responses, and an imbalance between activating and inhibitory signals may lead to autoimmunity. Research showed that activated TEFFs and TREGs express different co-signalling receptors, and the expression of PD-L1 on activated TEFFs is correlated with their proliferation.
Article
Cell Biology
Vanesa Garrido-Rodriguez, Ines Herrero-Fernandez, Maria Jose Castro, Ana Castillo, Isaac Rosado-Sanchez, Maria Isabel Galva, Raquel Ramos, Israel Olivas-Martinez, Angel Bulnes-Ramos, Julio Canizares, Manuel Leal, Yolanda Maria Pacheco
Summary: The CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio is a useful marker for evaluating immune features in older individuals, showing differences in thymic output and immune profiles that can affect health status.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Martijn V. Verhagen, Ruben H. de Kleine, Henk Groen, Hubert P. J. van der Doef, Thomas C. Kwee, Robbert J. de Haas
Summary: This study aimed to determine reference values and their change over time for Doppler ultrasound in evaluating vascular complications of pediatric liver transplants. The study included a consecutive cohort of pediatric patients undergoing a liver transplant between 2015 and 2020. Reference values for hepatic vessels were obtained for different timepoints and showed significant changes over time.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Weiwei Gao, Nan Yang, Saiguang Ji, Yi Zeng
Summary: This study found that the expression of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is increased in patients with pleural tuberculoma (PTM) and decreases after treatment, indicating the important role of Tregs in the immune response of PTM.
Article
Hematology
Xin Cao, Yi-Lin Kong, Li Wang, Jin-Hua Liang, Yi Xia, Hua-Yuan Zhu, Lei Fan, Sheng-Hua Jiang, Hong Liu, Jian-Yong Li, Wei Xu
Summary: The study found that a low CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia patients at diagnosis is a poor prognostic factor. Patients with inverted CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio who received initial treatment with rituximab or bortezomib had significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
ANNALS OF HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhenyan Wang, Jun Chen, Cuiyun Zhu, Li Liu, Tangkai Qi, Yinzhong Shen, Yuyi Zhang, Lie Xu, Tao Li, Zhiping Qian, Corklin R. Steinhart, Hongzhou Lu
Summary: Dysregulation of immune response was found in COVID-19 patients. Patients treated with T alpha 1 had longer virus clearance time, but no significant impact on the recovery of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Huanyi Zhao, Fang Dong, Yuhui Li, Xiaojie Ren, Zhengyuan Xia, Yong Wang, Wuhua Ma
Summary: Acupuncture reduces airway inflammation and AHR in asthma by inhibiting ATG5-mediated autophagy to regulate endoplasmic reticulum stress and CD4(+) T lymphocyte differentiation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Marc Paul O. Sullivan, Vicki Livingstone, Irina Korotchikova, Eugene M. Dempsey, Deirdre M. Murray, Geraldine B. Boylan
Summary: Unconditional reference centiles for sleep parameters were established in infants 4-16 weeks of age based on data from a randomized controlled trial. The results showed that total sleep duration in a 24-hour period, night-time sleep duration in a 12-hour period, and longest sleep episode duration increased from 4 to 16 weeks, while daytime sleep duration in a 12-hour period decreased.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matthew S. Kelly, Catherine Plunkett, Yahe Yu, Jhoanna N. Aquino, Sweta M. Patel, Jillian H. Hurst, Rebecca R. Young, Marek Smieja, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Tonya Arscott-Mills, Kristen A. Feemster, Sefelani Boiditswe, Tirayaone Leburu, Tiny Mazhani, Mohamed Z. Patel, John F. Rawls, Jayanth Jawahar, Samir S. Shah, Christopher R. Polage, Coleen K. Cunningham, Patrick C. Seed
Summary: This study conducted in sub-Saharan Africa examined the nasopharyngeal microbiome of 179 mother-infant dyads to investigate the relationship between Corynebacterium abundance and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in infants. Results showed a negative correlation between Corynebacterium abundance and S. pneumoniae colonization, with in vitro experiments demonstrating growth inhibition of S. pneumoniae by secreted factors from Corynebacterium strains isolated from infants. Additionally, antibiotic exposure and seasonal variations were associated with changes in Corynebacterium abundance, suggesting potential implications for preventing pneumococcal infections.
Article
Immunology
Amanda Lucier, Youyi Fong, Shuk Hang Li, Maria Dennis, Joshua Eudailey, Ashley Nelson, Kevin Saunders, Coleen K. Cunningham, Elizabeth McFarland, Ross McKinney, M. Anthony Moody, Celia LaBranche, David Montefiori, Sallie R. Permar, Genevieve G. Fouda
Summary: Recent studies have shown that children infected with HIV may develop broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) earlier compared to adults. This study found that children as young as 1 year old demonstrated neutralization breadth comparable to adults, and 2-3 year olds exhibited even greater neutralization breadth. It also found that there was no significant difference in antibody specificities between children and adults. These findings suggest that initiating HIV immunization early in life may lead to the development of broadly neutralizing antibody responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Christian S. Marchello, Megan Birkhold, John A. Crump
Summary: Complications are frequent in non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease, and the mortality rate is approximately 15%. Clinicians, particularly in African countries, should be aware of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease as a cause of severe febrile illness. Prompt diagnoses and management decisions, including empiric antimicrobial therapy, would improve patient outcomes. Additionally, investments in improving clinical microbiology facilities to identify non-typhoidal salmonella, as well as research efforts towards vaccine development and non-vaccine prevention measures, would prevent illness and death associated with non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sweta M. Patel, Yazdani B. Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb, Morgan Congdon, Rebecca R. Young, Mohamed Z. Patel, Tiny Mazhani, Sefelani Boiditswe, Tirayaone Leburu, Kwana Lechiile, Tonya Arscott-Mills, Andrew P. Steenhoff, Kristen A. Feemster, Samir S. Shah, Coleen K. Cunningham, Stephen I. Pelton, Matthew S. Kelly
Summary: The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has reduced invasive pneumococcal disease burden, but the effectiveness of these vaccines can be reduced by an increase in non-vaccine serotype diseases.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ruth N. Zadoks, Gary C. Barker, Jackie Benschop, Kathryn J. Allan, Gemma Chaters, Sarah Cleaveland, John A. Crump, Margaret A. Davis, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Gerard Prinsen, Kate M. Thomas, Linda Waldman, Nigel P. French
Summary: East Africa, particularly Moshi, Tanzania, is a hotspot for foodborne diseases such as NTS along the beef supply chain. The study's mathematical model identified environmental contamination as the primary source of NTS in meat for human consumption. The model provides a framework for evaluating the origin and propagation of NTS, aiding in decision-making for interventions to reduce risks to consumers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dorothy E. Dow, Karen E. O'Donnell, Laura Mkumba, John A. Gallis, Elizabeth L. Turner, Judith Boshe, Aisa M. Shayo, Coleen K. Cunningham, Blandina T. Mmbaga
Summary: Sauti ya Vijana is a mental health and life skills intervention for young people living with HIV in Tanzania. The pilot trial suggests that this intervention holds promise in improving antiretroviral therapy adherence and virologic suppression in young people, but further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Techalew Shimelis, Susana Vaz Nery, Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Adam W. Bartlett, Fitsum W. Gebriel Belay, Gill Schierhout, Sabine Dittrich, John A. Crump, John M. Kaldor
Summary: The management of febrile illnesses is challenging in settings with limited diagnostic laboratory facilities. This study reports on the prescribing adherence with guidelines and outcomes of management in children presenting with fever.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Cristina Costales, John A. Crump, Alex R. Mremi, Patrick T. Amsi, Nathaniel H. Kalengo, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Grace Kinabo, Bingileki F. Lwezaula, Furaha Lyamuya, Annette Marandu, Ronald Mbwasi, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Calvin Mosha, Manuela Carugati, Deng B. Madut, Ann M. Nelson, Michael J. Maze, Eduard Matkovic, Sherif R. Zaki, Venance P. Maro, Matthew P. Rubach
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra on nasopharyngeal specimens in autopsies of tuberculosis patients, showing high specificity in identifying in-hospital tuberculosis deaths and potentially improving tuberculosis death enumeration in high-burden countries.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
John A. Crump, Tilman M. Davies
Summary: This study examines the world's population, development, and health based on condensed Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) offset, aiming to support a more equitable scheduling of global health teleconferences. The findings show that different UTC offsets correspond to different population and health conditions, and teleconference scheduling may lead to temporal distances that compromise participant representation and well-being.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yukari C. Manabe, Joshua Betz, Olivia Jackson, Victor Asoala, Isabel Bazan, Paul W. Blair, Aileen Chang, Sarunyou Chusri, John A. Crump, Kimberly A. Edgel, Dennis J. Faix, Stefan Fernandez, Anne T. Fox, Jose A. Garcia, Max Grogl, Erin A. Hansen, Vireak Heang, Stacey L. House, Krisada Jongsakul, Michael B. Kaburise, Chonticha Klungthong, Mohammed Lamorde, Andrew G. Letizia, Ivette Lorenzana, Malen Luy, Vanance P. Maro, Christopher N. Mores, Christopher A. Myers, Abraham R. Oduro, Leda Parham, Abigail J. Porzucek, Michael Prouty, David S. Rabiger, Matthew P. Rubach, Crystyan Siles, Maria Silva, Chinaka Ukachu, John N. Waitumbi, Cynthia L. Phillips, Brian W. Jones
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the BioFire Global Fever Panel in diagnosing various pathogens causing acute febrile illness. The results showed that the panel had excellent positive and negative percent agreements for multiple analytes, providing a rapid and accurate diagnosis in clinical settings.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Caitlin M. Dugdale, Ogochukwu Ufio, Christopher Alba, Sallie R. Permar, Lynda Stranix-Chibanda, Coleen K. Cunningham, Genevieve G. Fouda, Landon Myer, Milton C. Weinstein, Valeriane Leroy, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Kenneth A. Freedberg, Andrea L. Ciaranello
Summary: Infant HIV prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies (bNAbs) could be a cost-effective intervention to reduce vertical HIV transmission in sub-Saharan African settings, according to a cost-effectiveness analysis. The study estimated the potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of hypothetical bNAb prophylaxis programs for HIV-exposed children in Cote d'Ivoire, South Africa, and Zimbabwe and found that bNAb prophylaxis would significantly reduce infant HIV incidence.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
John A. Crump, Tonney S. Nyirenda, Lisette Mbuyi Kalonji, Marie-France Phoba, Bieke Tack, James A. Platts-Mills, Melita A. Gordon, Samuel M. Kariuki
Summary: Nontyphoidal Salmonella are a major cause of community-onset bacteremia and other serious infections in sub-Saharan Africa, but they are not a common cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea. Lineages of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type (ST) 313 and lineages of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ST11 are the main sources of invasive disease. The case-fatality ratio is around 15%. Antimicrobial resistance is increasing and vaccines are in development.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John A. Crump, Patrick Vakaoti, Michael Moore-Jones, Lena Tan, Christina R. Ergler, Elizabeth Fenton, Emma M. R. Anderson, Philip J. Bremer, Katrina J. Sharples, Tony Walls, Miguel E. Quinones-Mateu, Komathi Kolandai, Jacqui Hadingham, Philip C. Hill, Stephen Knowles
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Fulton Quincy Shannon II, Luke L. Bawo, John A. Crump, Katrina Sharples, Richard Egan, Philip C. Hill
Summary: The current EVD surveillance system in Liberia shows some deficiencies in its structure, core functions, support functions, and quality indicators at various levels. There are gaps in performance in case detection, reporting, and managing patients with EVD. Limited resources, stock out of sample collection materials, and staff attrition pose major challenges to the system's operations. Specific improvements and regular evaluations are needed, and standardized patient studies are crucial for evaluating surveillance systems for rarely occurring diseases that require early detection.
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
C. Alba, S. Malhotra, S. Horsfall, M. Barnhart, K. Chapman, C. K. Cunningham, P. Fast, G. G. Fouda, K. A. Freedberg, L. Ghazaryan, V. Leroy, C. Mann, M. M. McCluskey, E. J. McFarland, V. Muturi-Kioi, S. R. Permar, D. Sok, L. Stranix-Chibanda, M. C. Weinstein, A. L. Ciaranello, C. M. Dugdale
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2022)