Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Lisa M. Meeks, Erene Stergiopoulos, Kristina H. Petersen
Summary: Medical education needs to create an environment that is conducive for students with disabilities to apply, flourish and receive support in order to achieve diversity among the physician workforce. While there are requirements for disabilities in graduate medical education, similar ones have not yet been established for undergraduate medical education. This article calls for the inclusion of disabilities in accreditation standards by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and proposes five actions to protect the rights of disabled students.
Editorial Material
Pathology
Donald J. Meuten, Frances M. Moore, Taryn A. Donovan, Christof A. Bertram, Robert Klopfleisch, Robert A. Foster, Rebecca C. Smedley, Michael J. Dark, Milan Milovancev, Paul Stromberg, Bruce H. Williams, Marc Aubreville, Giancarlo Avallone, Pompei Bolfa, John Cullen, Michelle M. Dennis, Michael Goldschmidt, Richard Luong, Andrew D. Miller, Margaret A. Miller, John S. Munday, Paola Roccabianca, Elisa N. Salas, F. Yvonne Schulman, Renee Laufer-Amorim, Midori G. Asakawa, Linden Craig, Nick Dervisis, D. Glen Esplin, Jeanne W. George, Marlene Hauck, Yumiko Kagawa, Matti Kiupel, Keith Linder, Kristina Meichner, Laura Marconato, Michelle L. Oblak, Renato L. Santos, R. Mark Simpson, Harold Tvedten, Derick Whitley
Summary: Standardization of tumor assessment is crucial for validating grading systems, ensuring reproducibility in oncologic studies, and increasing confidence in study results. This article provides standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters to address the lack of methodological standardization in veterinary medicine. By updating and revising these guidelines regularly and providing them as living documents on a website, collaboration between pathologists and institutions can be facilitated to advance veterinary oncologic pathology and patient care.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: There are significant management gaps between clinical guidelines and practice in patients with NAFLD and NASH, and there is no single global guiding strategy for their management. An international conference convened experts in gastroenterology, hepatology, endocrinology, and primary care providers to discuss promising approaches for clinical practice and prepare a comprehensive, unified strategy for the care of NAFLD/NASH patients. Participants also identified specific high-yield targets for clinical research and called for a unified, international public health response to NAFLD and NASH.
Article
Oncology
Marta Puyol, Joan Seoane, Esther Aguilar, Lisa B. Vozza, Isabel Orbe, Katherine H. Crawford, Ana Fernandez, Freddie Bray, Sonali E. Johnson, Satish Gopal
Summary: Cancer is a major public health issue that is projected to double by 2040. The World Cancer Research Day aims to raise awareness and commitment for cancer research, highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing current challenges and accelerating impactful research for a better future.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Aharon Oren, David R. Arahal, Ramon Rossello-Mora, Iain C. Sutcliffe, Edward R. B. Moore
Summary: The Editorial Board for the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes has compiled proposed revisions of the ICNP, and a public discussion of the document will start on July 1, 2021, lasting for 6 months.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Islam Y. Elgendy, Syed Bukhari, Amr F. Barakat, Carl J. Pepine, Kathryn J. Lindley, Eliza C. Miller
Summary: Maternal mortality rates in the US have been rising steadily, with cardiovascular mortality being the leading cause of death among pregnant and postpartum women. Maternal stroke contributes significantly to cardiovascular mortality, with rates of stroke among pregnant women increasing in recent years. Factors such as advancing maternal age, the increasing prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and other risk factors like hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, migraine, and infections, may be contributing to the rising rates of maternal stroke.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: NAFLD and NASH are common conditions with a rising burden, but there are significant gaps between clinical guidelines and practice in managing these diseases. An international conference of experts from various countries was convened to discuss global burden, screening, risk stratification, diagnosis, and management, leading to the development of a comprehensive unified strategy for care.
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Ebenezer Oloyede, David Taylor, James MacCabe
Summary: The Viewpoint discusses the differences in stringency of hematologic monitoring for clozapine across countries and proposes approaches for monitoring.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: NAFLD and NASH are common conditions with significant management gaps between guidelines and practice; there is currently no unified global strategy. An international conference brought together experts to discuss and develop a comprehensive strategy for NAFLD/NASH care and called for a unified international public health response.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fasiha Kanwal, Jay H. Shubrook, Zobair Younossi, Yamini Natarajan, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Mary E. Rinella, Stephen A. Harrison, Christos Mantzoros, Kim Pfotenhauer, Samuel Klein, Robert H. Eckel, Davida Kruger, Hashem El-Serag, Kenneth Cusi
Summary: NAFLD and NASH are common conditions with significant management gaps, lacking a single global guiding strategy. The American Gastroenterological Association, along with professional associations, convened an international conference to develop a comprehensive, unified strategy for primary care providers and specialists, calling for a unified international public health response to NAFLD and NASH.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Inas Abuali, Shruti Patel, Lauren Kiel, Kelly Meza, Narjust Florez
Summary: Disparities in cancer care disproportionately impact minority groups, who face challenges in accessing high-quality care, are underrepresented in clinical trials, and experience financial toxicity and discrimination during their cancer journey. Diversifying the workforce, improving trial access, and allocating research funding for equitable initiatives should be prioritized.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Victor J. Dzau, Rachel Levine, George Barrett, Andrew Witty
Summary: Progress in the four areas of the health sector is essential for decarbonizing and responding to climate change, and a public-private Action Collaborative is taking on this challenge.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alvaro Pascual-Leone, David Bartres-Faz
Summary: Resilience is a concept with a vague definition and requires a person-centered multidimensional metric to help predict an individual's risk in the face of stress, injury, or disease.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Ana Maria Crawford, Ananya Abate Shiferaw, Papytcho Ntambwe, Alexei Ortiz Milan, Karima Khalid, Rodrigo Rubio, Francoise Nizeyimana, Fredy Ariza, Alhassan Datti Mohammed, Tim Baker, Paulin Ruhato Banguti, Farai Madzimbamuto
Summary: Critical care is not given enough priority, requiring a global call for action to improve equitable access and quality of care for critically ill patients. There are numerous challenges to effective critical care in resource-limited settings, with the true burden of critical illness remaining unclear. Resources, infrastructure, and training are insufficient, leading to unnecessary deaths. Implementation of Essential Emergency and Critical Care is essential to reduce mortality, improve pandemic preparedness, lower postoperative mortality, and decrease the reliance on advanced care. All healthcare workers must be trained in these fundamentals, along with retaining physician and nurse specialists in critical care. Context-specific research is crucial to provide appropriate care, and governments should increase healthcare spending and capacity. Advocacy at all levels is necessary to achieve universal health coverage for critically ill patients.
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adrian D. Elliott, Emelia J. Benjamin, Melissa E. Middeldorp
Summary: Cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly obesity and hypertension, have the highest population-attributable risk for atrial fibrillation (AF). Hypertension, obesity, acute illness, cardiovascular disease, and inflammation are the top five individual risk factors for AF. We propose five key strategies to manage these risk factors for primary prevention of AF.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Letter
Microbiology
Iain C. Sutcliffe, David R. Arahal, Markus Goeker, Aharon Oren
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Juan Guzman, Maite Ortuzar, Anja Poehlein, Rolf Daniel, Martha E. Trujillo, Andreas Vilcinskas
Summary: A novel Gram-stain-positive bacterial species, designated Agromyces archimandritae sp. nov., was isolated from the hindgut of the cockroach Archimandrita tesselata. The genomic and phenotypic analysis revealed that G127AT(T) represents a previously undescribed species of the genus Agromyces.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
William B. Whitman, Maria Chuvochina, Brian P. Hedlund, Philip Hugenholtz, Konstantinos T. Konstantinidis, Alison E. Murray, Marike Palmer, Donovan H. Parks, Alexander J. Probst, Anna-Louise Reysenbach, Luis M. Rodriguez-R, Ramon Rossello-Mora, Iain Sutcliffe, Stephanus N. Venter
Summary: Genomics has been fully integrated into prokaryotic systematics over the past fifteen years. The SeqCode has been developed to allow naming of Archaea and Bacteria using DNA sequences as the nomenclatural types, simplifying nomenclature and promoting synergies between different disciplines.
SYSTEMATIC AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Microbiology
Aharon Oren, Markus Goeker, Richard L. Hahnke, Edward R. B. Moore, Iain C. Sutcliffe
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Martin W. Hahn, Alexandra Pitt, Johanna Schmidt, Ulrike Koll, Jacqueline Wolf, William B. Whitman, Paul L. E. Bodelier, Meina Neumann-Schaal
Summary: This study presents two strains affiliated with the GKS98 cluster. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these strains are closely related to the family Alcaligenaceae and previously described species Orrella amnicola and Orrella marina. Based on the phylogenomic trees and other characteristics, the authors propose the establishment of new genera Zwartia gen. nov. and Jezberella gen. nov., and the reclassification of Orrella amnicola into the new genus Sheuella gen. nov.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Vartul Sangal, Michael Goodfellow, Amanda L. Jones, Iain C. Sutcliffe
Summary: Opinion 106 of the Judicial Commission clarifies the nomenclature of certain bacterial taxa and proposes the reclassification of four rhodococcal species into a new genus called Prescottella.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Raul Riesco, Jayson J. A. Rose, Steven Batinovic, Steve Petrovski, Fernando Sanchez-Juanes, Robert J. Seviour, Michael Goodfellow, Martha E. Trujillo
Summary: This study investigated the taxonomic status of two Gordonia strains isolated from stable foams on activated sludge plants. The results showed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus Gordonia, named Gordonia pseudamarae.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tao Wang, Qiuyuan Huang, Andrew S. Burns, Mary Ann Moran, William B. Whitman
Summary: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant organic compound in marine surface water and a major source of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Marine bacteria can either mineralize DMSP through demethylation or transform it to DMS. The factors regulating which pathway is utilized are not well understood. In this study, oxidative stress was found to control the switch in DMSP metabolism from demethylation to DMS production in the marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi. These findings provide strong evidence for the role of oxidative stress in regulating DMSP metabolism in the marine environment.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nana Shao, Yu Fan, Chau-Wen Chou, Shadi Yavari, Robert Williams, I. Jonathan Amster, Stuart M. Brown, Ian J. Drake, Evert C. Duin, William B. Whitman, Yuchen Liu
Summary: This study presents an approach to study methyl-coenzyme M reductases (MCRs) from uncultured archaea by heterologous expression in a culturable methanogen, Methanococcus maripaludis. The results show that promoter, operon structure, and temperature are important factors for MCR production. Structural modeling suggests that ANME-2 and methanogen MCRs are structurally similar and their reaction directions are likely regulated by thermodynamics.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Joana Fernandes Couceiro, Tina Keller-Costa, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Tanja Woyke, William B. Whitman, Rodrigo Costa
Summary: In this study, we report the genome sequences of three Aquimarina megaterium strains isolated from the octocoral Euniceila labiata. We uncover their coding potential for versatile carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of natural products belonging to the polyketide, nonribosomal peptide, and terpene compound classes.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Brent Nowinski, Xiaoyuan Feng, Christina M. Preston, James M. Birch, Haiwei Luo, William B. Whitman, Mary Ann Moran
Summary: A longitudinal analysis of bacterial genes, genomes, and transcripts during a phytoplankton bloom identified two highly related Rhodobacteraceae species from the uncultured NAC11-7 lineage. Despite having identical 16S rRNA gene sequences, their genomes and transcriptomes revealed species-level divergence. Changes in relative dominance of the species during the bloom confirmed their divergent responses to the same microenvironment. Unique and differentially expressed genes accounted for a small portion of the species' pangenome content, revealing physiological and ecological differences.
Review
Microbiology
Kyle C. C. Costa, William B. B. Whitman
Summary: Methanogenic archaea are the only organisms that produce CH4 as part of their energy-generating metabolism. They are ubiquitous in oxidant-depleted, anoxic environments and play a key role in the degradation of organic matter. This article discusses the importance of model organisms in methanogen research and explores new model systems that will contribute to a better understanding of this unique archaeal metabolism.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenting Zhang, Derong Ren, Zhihua Li, Lei Yue, William B. Whitman, Xiuzhu Dong, Jie Li
Summary: By integrating multiple data sets of a representative archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis, internal transcription termination sites (ioTTSs) were identified within 38% of operons. Further experiments confirmed the functionality of these ioTTS terminations. Mutations of ioTTSs in ribosomal protein (RP)-RNA polymerase (RNAP) operons not only altered gene expression but also affected cellular processes and growth. This study reveals ioTTS termination as a general and important regulatory mechanism in operon gene expression.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
M. Palmer, I. Sutcliffe, S. N. Venter, B. P. Hedlund
Summary: The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) currently requires pure cultures as the only acceptable nomenclatural type for species. However, this requirement is rigid and limits the ability to name a large proportion of microbial biodiversity. The availability of genome sequence data allows for a new category of nomenclatural type that includes both cultivated and uncultivated microorganisms, providing a unified nomenclature for archaea and bacteria.
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Patricia Benito, Lorena Carro, Rodrigo Bacigalupe, Maite Ortuzar, Martha E. Trujillo
Summary: Micromonospora strains have been found in nitrogen-fixing root nodules of legume and actinorhizal plants, and can also colonize other parts of the plant, especially the leaves. This study observed over 150 strains and determined their enzymatic activity.
PHYTOBIOMES JOURNAL
(2022)
