Article
Immunology
Ines Serrano Pereira, Sara Vilela Pais, Vitor Borges, Maria Jose Borrego, Joao Paulo Gomes, Luis Jaime Mota
Summary: A study revealed that the CteG effector protein of Chlamydia trachomatis is involved in the lytic exit of host cells. Cells infected with wild-type C. trachomatis released more infectious chlamydiae in the culture supernatant compared to cells infected with a CteG-deficient strain. CteG also played a role in host cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, CteG and Pgp4 were found to participate in a cascade of events leading to host cell lysis and release of infectious chlamydiae.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Doron Teper, Nian Wang
Summary: By using an experimental evolution approach, we identified adaptive mutations and deletions in TALEs that cannot recognize the EBE of host targets, which reconstituted virulence on the host in less than 30 cycles of repeated infections. Adaptive variants originated from TALEs with a small number of mismatches to the EBE, while TALEs with more mismatches failed to adapt during the study period. This study experimentally demonstrates adaptive rearrangements of TALEs during host adaptation and highlights the importance of considering resistance durability in modified crops introduced into the field.
Review
Microbiology
Katja Fromm, Christoph Dehio
Summary: Bartonella spp. utilize the VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system to translocate Beps effector proteins into host cells. The BID domain and FIC domain play crucial roles in effector translocation and post-translational modifications of target proteins, while the EPIYA-related motifs facilitate interactions with host signaling proteins.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Julia Sanchez-Garrido, Lucrecia Alberdi, Sharanya Chatterjee, Gad Frankel, Caroline Mullineaux-Sanders
Summary: Citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen, colonizes the colon of mice and injects 31 bacterial effectors into epithelial cells via a type III secretion system, forming multiple intracellular subnetworks. This model has been crucial in providing new insights into local host responses to enteric infection.
CURRENT OPINION IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vidhyavathi Raman, Clemencia M. Rojas, Balaji Vasudevan, Kevin Dunning, Jaydeep Kolape, Sunhee Oh, Jianfei Yun, Lishan Yang, Guangming Li, Bikram D. Pant, Qingzhen Jiang, Kirankumar S. Mysore
Summary: This study developed a strategy to increase the efficiency of plant transformation by engineering Agrobacterium and suppressing host defense responses. The results showed that the transformation efficiency of wheat, alfalfa and switchgrass increased by 250%-400% using the engineered Agrobacterium.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yury Belyi, Nadya Levanova, Gunnar N. Schroeder
Summary: Work over the past two decades has revealed the significant role of glycosyltransferase effectors in the infection strategy of Legionella pneumophila, a Gram-negative respiratory pathogen. These effectors manipulate host protein synthesis, impacting the physiological state of target cells, such as cell cycle progression and immune and stress responses. Recent research has identified new glycosyltransferases and suggests the existence of undiscovered family members with unique catalytic features and substrates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Ruano-Gallego, Julia Sanchez-Garrido, Zuzanna Kozik, Elena Nunez-Berrueco, Massiel Cepeda-Molero, Caroline Mullineaux-Sanders, Jasmine Naemi-Baghshomali Clark, Sabrina L. Slater, Naama Wagner, Izabela Glegola-Madejska, Theodoros Roumeliotis, Tal Pupko, Luis Angel Fernandez, Alfonso Rodriguez-Paton, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Gad Frankel
Summary: The study demonstrates the extreme robustness of both T3SS effector networks and host responses, as pathogenicity can be maintained even with a 60% contraction in the effector network. Different effector networks induce varying colonic cytokine profiles, yet all can induce protective immunity, implicating the importance of effector networks in host adaptation.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jing Li, Leyi Wei, Fei Guo, Quan Zou
Summary: A new T3SEs ensemble predictor EP3 was developed to accurately distinguish T3SEs, demonstrating better performance and aiming to facilitate further investigations on pathogenic bacterial infections.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haixia Wang, Shumei Wang, Wei Wang, Lin Xu, Lydia R. J. Welsh, Marek Gierlinski, Stephen C. Whisson, Piers A. Hemsley, Petra C. Boevink, Paul R. J. Birch
Summary: Cytoplasmic RXLR effectors from Phytophthora infestans enter plant host cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Transient silencing of clathrin heavy chain or the endosome marker gene attenuated P. infestans infection and reduced translocation of RXLR effectors into host cells. Co-localization of RXLR effectors with clathrin-coated vesicles and immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the uptake of RXLR effectors via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiaoli Liu, Jun Cai, Xiaoxu Li, Feng Yu, Dousheng Wu
Summary: The article hypothesizes that type III effectors manipulate the microbiota composition by mediating ternary pathogen-plant-microbiota interactions, providing new insights for studying the biological functions of type III effectors and developing new strategies for plant disease control.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Ipsita Nandi, Lior Aroeti, Rachana Pattani Ramachandran, Ephrem G. Kassa, Efrat Zlotkin-Rivkin, Benjamin Aroeti
Summary: Type III secretion system is utilized by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens to transport effectors into host cells. These effectors play a crucial role in virulence by manipulating host cell organelles, especially mitochondria. However, the mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial activity of type III secreted effectors are not yet fully understood.
CELLULAR MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinmei Fang, Peng Yan, Fengying Luo, Shan Han, Tiantian Lin, Shuying Li, Shujiang Li, Tianhui Zhu
Summary: In this study, dual RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome data of A. phaeospermum and B. pervariabilis x D. grandis. Fifty-three differentially expressed candidate effectors were identified, and two effectors, ApCE12 and ApCE22, were found to play important roles in the virulence and response to H2O2 and NaCl stress of A. phaeospermum. Gene knockout experiments confirmed the function of these effectors.
Review
Plant Sciences
Alexandre Martel, Tatiana Ruiz-Bedoya, Clare Breit-McNally, Bradley Laflamme, Darrell Desveaux, David S. Guttman
Summary: Natural diversity of plant resistance proteins and pathogen effectors is shaped by ongoing ETS-ETI cycles. The introduction of genetic variation from conspecific organisms in different populations can maintain diversity in both host and pathogen populations.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bingsen Wang, Wenfeng He, Mengshu Huang, Jiachen Feng, Yanping Li, Liu Yu, Yuqi Wang, Dan Zhou, Chengzhen Meng, Dong Cheng, Ning Tang, Botao Song, Huilan Chen
Summary: This study reveals that the type III effector RipAS can manipulate the plant immune system by reducing the nucleolar accumulation of StTOPP6, leading to bacterial wilt on potato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Qian Wu, Qingdian Mu, Zhidan Xia, Junxia Min, Fudi Wang
Summary: Manganese plays an essential role in various biological processes, but excess intake can have harmful effects. Pathogenic microorganisms require manganese for basic biochemical activity and virulence, while hosts use nutritional immunity to sequester manganese to defend against pathogen invasion.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)