Article
Immunology
Thomas S. Fulford, Raelene Grumont, Rushika C. Wirasinha, Darcy Ellis, Adele Barugahare, Stephen J. Turner, Haroon Naeem, David Powell, Paul A. Lyons, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Sebastian Scheer, Colby Zaph, Ulf Klein, Stephen R. Daley, Steve Gerondakis
Summary: The study reveals that NF-kappa B transcription factor c-Rel plays a crucial role in regulating the development, differentiation, and function of Tregs through controlling multiple key points. c-Rel acts as a transcriptional regulator in both thymic and peripheral Tregs, influencing immune signaling and cell cycle, and affecting the stability of Foxp3 expression in peripheral Tregs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Shreyas Sridhar, Tatsuo Fukagawa
Summary: The assembly of functional kinetochore is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Internal and external structures of kinetochore face multiple challenges, but linker proteins play an important role in force propagation and recruitment of outer kinetochore. Understanding these linkages and regulatory pathways is essential for understanding kinetochore structural diversity and plasticity.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
M. Joaquina Delas, Christos M. Kalaitzis, Tamara Fawzi, Madeleine Demuth, Isabel Zhang, Hannah T. Stuart, Elena Costantini, Kenzo Ivanovitch, Elly M. Tanaka, James Briscoe
Summary: In many developing tissues, graded secreted signals organize the patterns of gene expression that assign cell fate. Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) interpret these signals to regulate gene expression, but the mechanism is poorly understood. In the neural tube, a gradient of the morphogen sonic hedgehog (Shh) determines the pattern of neural progenitors. This study identifies distinct ways in which CREs translate graded Shh into differential gene expression in mouse neural progenitors, identifying potential conserved roles for the pioneer factor FOXA2 across tissues.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Article
Biology
Stephen Henderson, Venu Pullabhatla, Arnulf Hertweck, Emanuele de Rinaldis, Javier Herrero, Graham M. Lord, Richard G. Jenner
Summary: The majority of T-bet target genes are conserved between mouse and human, either via preservation of binding sites or via alternative binding sites associated with transposon-linked insertion. Species-specific T-bet binding is associated with differences in transcription factor-binding motifs and species-specific expression of associated genes.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhenjiang Wu, Lei He, Ye Jin, Jing Chen, Huazhong Shi, Yizhong Wang, Wannian Yang
Summary: Salicylic acid (SA) is important for plant immunity against biotrophic pathogens, but its level needs to be strictly controlled to balance plant growth and disease resistance. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDA6) plays a key regulatory role in plant immunity by suppressing SA biosynthesis, thereby ensuring finely-tuned immune responses in plants.
Article
Neurosciences
Yejun Wu, Jiaxi Li, Jiayin Shou, Weiguang Zhang, Chunhua Chen
Summary: Tregs play a key role in regulating immune responses and inflammation in ischemic stroke. However, there are still controversies and unresolved issues regarding their functions and mechanisms in this condition. Despite this, increasing attention has been focused on Tregs as a potential therapeutic target in ischemic stroke.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yuchen Qian, Tongyao Zhang, Yan Yu, Liangpeng Gou, Jingting Yang, Jia Xu, Erxu Pi
Summary: bHLH proteins are one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, playing a crucial role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses. By binding to specific elements in the promoter regions of stress-related genes, bHLHs can modulate the transcriptional expression, ultimately influencing the plant's adaptive responses.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Saet Buyl Lee, Mi Chung Suh
Summary: This study summarizes the regulatory mechanisms underlying cuticular wax biosynthesis in plants, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational, and epigenetic levels. The advances in our understanding of these regulatory mechanisms have improved our knowledge of how plants balance carbon metabolic pathways between optimal growth and development and defense against abiotic stresses.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Courtney E. Dresden, Quratulayn Ashraf, Aman Y. Husbands
Summary: The StARkin domain is an evolutionarily conserved structure with a deep hydrophobic pocket capable of binding lipophilic ligands. Dysregulation of StARkin proteins has significant effects on disease and development. Recent studies highlight the diversity of regulatory mechanisms employed by the StARkin module, providing valuable insights for researchers.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xuan Zhang, Cuiping Hu, Yajie Zhong, Dijie Qiao, Wei Chi, Huangxuan Shen, Waipo Chong
Summary: IL-24 is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates both immune cells and epithelial cells. In the study, IL-24 treatment was found to inhibit the progression of ocular inflammation in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mice and suppress cytokine production from pathogenic T cells. Additionally, IL-24 also suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines from the inflamed retinas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huimin Liu, Zijin Liu, Yu Wu, Lamei Zheng, Genfa Zhang
Summary: Anthocyanins play a crucial role in the quality and flavor of fruits, being produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway regulated by specific key genes. However, the molecular mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plants remain unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kendall E. Martin, Padmapriyadarshini Ravisankar, Manu Beerens, Calum A. MacRae, Joshua S. Waxman
Summary: This study reveals that the zebrafish transcription factor Nr2f1a prevents the progressive acquisition of ventricular and pacemaker cardiomyocyte identities within distinct regions of the atrium by maintaining the expression of nkx2.5. The findings provide insights into the molecular etiology of congenital heart defects and associated arrhythmias.
Article
Biology
Diana Avalos, Guillaume Rey, Diogo M. Ribeiro, Anna Ramisch, Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis, Olivier Delaneau
Summary: An analysis of cis-regulatory domains (CRDs) derived from ChIP-seq peaks and methylation data reveals cell-type specific regulatory mechanisms in immunity. Important biological mechanisms, such as cell-specific transcription factor binding sites and immune disease-associated loci, are discovered through this study. CRD-QTLs aid in interpreting GWAS findings and mapping functional regulatory units using population genomics allows the discovery of important mechanisms in gene expression regulation in immune cells. This study establishes a comprehensive resource for understanding cell-type specific regulatory mechanisms of immunity.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuya Tan, Yueqi Sha, Liwei Sun, Zhonghai Li
Summary: Leaf senescence is a natural process in plants that occurs during aging and is influenced by internal and external factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of leaf senescence in response to abiotic stresses is crucial for improving crop resilience and productivity. Research progress has been made in identifying key genes and transcription factors involved, but challenges remain in exploring the regulatory network and developing effective strategies for gene manipulation in crops.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kyrie Pappas, Tiphaine C. Martin, Andrew L. Wolfe, Christie B. Nguyen, Tao Su, Jian Jin, Hanina Hibshoosh, Ramon Parsons
Summary: In breast cancer, downregulation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is common and associated with poor prognosis and triple-negative breast cancer. EZH2 and NOTCH1/2 alterations are correlated with decreased PTEN expression, possibly working together to suppress PTEN transcription.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)